fdisk工具只能给2T以下的磁盘进行分区，2T以上使用Parted分区
一、使用fdisk给指定硬盘进行分区
[root@www ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x21248295.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x21248295
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):
1、创建主分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4):
Value out of range.
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): +1G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x21248295
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 83 Linux
2、创建扩展分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (133-652, default 133):
Using default value 133
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (133-652, default 652): +1G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x21248295
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 133 264 1060290 5 Extended
3、创建逻辑分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (133-264, default 133):
Using default value 133
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (133-264, default 264): +800M
Command (m for help): P
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x21248295
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 133 264 1060290 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 133 235 827316 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
4、显示分区类型ID
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Command (m for help):
[root@www ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x21248295
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 133 264 1060290 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 133 235 827316 83 Linux
5、查看文件系统类型
[root@www ~]# cat /etc/filesystems
ext4
ext3
ext2
nodev proc
nodev devpts
iso9660
vfat
hfs
hfsplus
二、格式化分区
1、使用mkfs.ext4格式化/dev/sdb5（方法一）
[root@www ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
51744 inodes, 206829 blocks
10341 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=213909504
7 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7392 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
2、使用mke2fs格式化分区（方法二）
[root@www ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 1 -L ming /dev/sdb1
//-b 指定block（块）大小
//-m 指定保留n%空间
// -L 标签
[root@www ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 1 -L ming /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=ming
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
66528 inodes, 530128 blocks
5301 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=537919488
33 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2016 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
三、挂载
1、手动挂载
[root@www ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/
[root@www ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 ext4 8.7G 926M 7.4G 11% /
tmpfs tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 194M 27M 158M 15% /boot
/dev/sdb5 ext4 796M 17M 739M 3% /mnt
[root@www ~]# mount -o noatime,rw /dev/sdb1 /home/ming/disk1 //noatime不更改读取时间
2、自动挂载，修改/etc/fstab文件
[root@www ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="ad1cfbb0-1621-4b2c-b10a-f2ede0d863bc" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="2b68ad5b-f328-4cd1-8d3d-a21b19574321" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda3: UUID="7a56f94a-8c3f-4b2f-8cf3-a68e901d5caa" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="ming" UUID="48cc8e42-98c3-46d0-9895-b04e073b39bd" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb5: UUID="42348b39-109f-49c6-b34c-c5d2ccfad5a2" TYPE="ext4"
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb5 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0(是否备份，是否检测，0表示不)
defaults=rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async/sync
3、开机自动加载的配置文件/etc/rc.local，存放需要开机自动加载的命令
[root@www ~]# ls /etc/rc.local
/etc/rc.local
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/rc.local
mount /dev/sdb1 /home/ming/disk1
[root@www ~]# mount
/dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/dev/sdb5 on /mnt type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb1 on /home/ming/disk1 type ext4 (rw,noatime)