Haproxy是目前比较流行的一种群集调度工具，同类群集调度工具有很多，如LVS和Nginx。相比较而言，LVS性能最好，但是搭建相对复杂；Nginx的upstream模块支持群集功能，但是相对群集节点健康检查功能不强，性能没有Haproxy好，更多的是应用在企业内网环境中。
搭建LVS群集可以参考博文：Centos 7搭建LVS+Keepalived高可用Web服务群集
Nginx群集可以参考博文：基于centos 7安装Tomcat服务及其负载均衡
关于Haproxy搭建Web群集原理概述参考博文：Haproxy搭建Web群集概述
一、部署基于Haproxy搭建高可用Nginx群集
部署环境如下：
准备工作
1）调通网络，防火墙放行相关流量（我这里直接将防火墙关闭了）；
2）准备系统映像，配置本地yum（自行配置）；
3）下载haproxy源码包，可以从我提供的网盘链接下载使用：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1I8JCUhejz0VSe8Q4lhzUpQ
提取码：th9x
4）web网站使用apache、Nginx、Tomcat搭建都可以，只要可以访问就行，我这里部署两台Nginx和一台Apache，web网站搭建可以参考：
APache网站服务配置访问控制和构建虚拟主机
Centos 7部署Nginx网站服务
基于centos 7安装Tomcat服务及其负载均衡
1、部署第一台Nginx网站
关于Nginx详细配置及说明可以参考：Centos 7部署Nginx网站服务
[root@centos01 ~]# yum -y install prce-devel zlib-devel
[root@centos01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@centos01 ~]# umount /mnt/
[root@centos01 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@centos01 ~]# scp /mnt/nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz [email protected]:/root
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.20 (192.168.100.20)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:PUueT9fU9QbsyNB5NC5hbSXzaWxxQavBxXmfoknXl4I.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:6d:f7:95:0e:51:1a:d8:9e:7b:b6:3f:58:51:51:4b:3b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.20' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz 100% 784KB 68.2MB/s 00:00
[root@centos01 ~]# scp /mnt/haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz [email protected]:/root
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.30 (192.168.100.30)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:PUueT9fU9QbsyNB5NC5hbSXzaWxxQavBxXmfoknXl4I.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:6d:f7:95:0e:51:1a:d8:9e:7b:b6:3f:58:51:51:4b:3b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.30' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz 100% 817KB 31.1MB/s 00:00 00:00
[root@centos01 ~]# tar zxvf /mnt/nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@centos01 ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.6.0/
[root@centos01 nginx-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx
--group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
[root@centos01 nginx-1.6.0]# make && make install
[root@centos01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
[root@centos01 ~]# echo "192.168.100.10:nginx" > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
[root@centos01 ~]# nginx
[root@centos01 ~]# netstat -anptu | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3685/ngin: master 2、部署第二台Nginx网站
[root@centos02 ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel
[root@centos02 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg initial-setup-ks.cfg nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
[root@centos02 ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@centos02 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@centos02 ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.6.0/
[root@centos02 nginx-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx
--group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
[root@centos02 nginx-1.6.0]# make && make install
[root@centos02 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
[root@centos02 ~]# echo "192.168.100.20:nginx" > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
[root@centos02 ~]# nginx
[root@centos02 ~]# netstat -anptu | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6059/ngin: master 3、配置客户端
1）客户端添加VM1网卡，配置和服务器同网段IP地址
2）访问第一台nginx服务器
3）访问第二台nginx服务器
4、部署Haproxy服务器
[root@centos03 ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel bzip2-devel
[root@centos03 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz initial-setup-ks.cfg
[root@centos03 ~]# tar zxvf haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@centos03 ~]# cd /usr/src/haproxy-1.4.24/
[root@centos03 haproxy-1.4.24]# make install
[root@centos03 ~]# mkdir /etc/haproxy
[root@centos03 ~]# cp /usr/src/haproxy-1.4.24/examples/haproxy.cfg /etc/haproxy/
[root@centos03 ~]# cp /usr/src/haproxy-1.4.24/examples/haproxy.init /etc/init.d/haproxy
[root@centos03 ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/haproxy
[root@centos03 ~]# chkconfig --add haproxy
[root@centos03 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 haproxy on
[root@centos03 ~]# cp /usr/src/haproxy-1.4.24/haproxy /usr/sbin/
[root@centos03 ~]# mkdir -p /usr/share/haproxy
[root@centos03 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
# this config needs haproxy-1.1.28 or haproxy-1.2.1
gid 99
daemon
#debug
#quiet
defaults
log global
mode http
option httplog
option dontlognull
retries 3
redispatch
maxconn 2000
contimeout 10
clitimeout 10
srvtimeout 10
listen nginx 192.168.100.30:80
balance roundrobin
server web01 192.168.100.10:80 check inter 2000 fall 3
server web02 192.168.100.20:80 check inter 2000 fall 3
[root@centos03 ~]# /etc/init.d/haproxy start
Starting haproxy (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]至此Haproxy群集部署完成，现在可以使用客户端访问Haproxy服务器的IP地址，第一次访问到的页面是第一台Nginx服务器，第二次访问到的页面会是第二台Nginx服务器
5、部署DNS
我这里就直接配置了，关于DNS详细配置及配置项解释及DNS工作原理概述请参考博文：CentOS7简单搭建DNS服务
[root@centos03 ~]# yum -y install bind bind-chroot bind-utils
[root@centos03 ~]# echo "" > /etc/named.conf
[root@centos03 ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { 192.168.100.0/24; };
directory "/var/named";
};
zone bdqn.com IN {
type master;
file "bdqn.com.zone";
};
[root@centos03 ~]# named-checkconf -z /etc/named.conf
[root@centos03 ~]# vim /var/named/bdqn.com.zone
$TTL 86400
@ SOA bdqn.com. root.bdqn.com.(
2019112201
1H
15M
1W
1D
)
@ NS centos03.bdqn.com.
centos03 A 192.168.100.30
www A 192.168.100.30
[root@centos03 ~]# named-checkzone bdqn.com /var/named/bdqn.com.zone
zone bdqn.com/IN: loaded serial 2019112201
OK
[root@centos03 ~]# chmod +x /var/named/bdqn.com.zone
[root@centos03 ~]# chown named:named /var/named/bdqn.com.zone
[root@centos03 ~]# systemctl start named
[root@centos03 ~]# systemctl enable named 至此DNS已经配置完成，客户端添加DNS地址，打开浏览器使用域名访问即可
二、使用Haproxy搭建Apache网站群集
1、部署apache网站
关于Apache网站详细配置及工作原理概述参考博文：CentOS 7.4搭建Apache网站服务
[root@centos04 ~]# tar zxvf /mnt/httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@centos04 ~]# cd /usr/src/httpd-2.2.17/
[root@centos04 httpd-2.2.17]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --enable-so
–enable-rewrite --enable-charset-lite --enable-cgi
[root@centos04 httpd-2.2.17]# make && make install
[root@centos04 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
[root@centos04 ~]# cp /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
[root@centos04 ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd
[root@centos04 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/httpd
#!/bin/sh
#chkconfig 35 80 20
#description:apache server
[root@centos04 ~]# chkconfig --add httpd
[root@centos05 ~]# echo "192.168.100.40:apache" > /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.html
[root@centos04 ~]# apachectl -t
[root@centos04 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@centos04 ~]# systemctl enable httpd
[root@centos04 ~]# netstat -anptu | grep httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 53801/httpd
[root@centos04 ~]# systemctl is-enabled httpd.service
enabled2、部署Haproxy服务
listen nginx 192.168.100.30:80
balance roundrobin
server web01 192.168.100.10:80 check inter 2000 fall 3
server web02 192.168.100.20:80 check inter 2000 fall 3
server apache01 192.168.100.40:80 check inter 2000 fall 3 weight 1
[root@centos03 ~]# /etc/init.d/haproxy restart
Restarting haproxy (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]至此基于Apache网站群集已经部署完成，现在可以使用客户端访问
[root@centos03 ~]# tail -f /var/log/haproxy/haproxy-info.log
—————— 本文至此结束，感谢阅读 ——————