广域网链路高可用性案例

关于局域网的高可用性的基础知识请参阅

 http://donghao123.blog.51cto.com/4879169/986366 此处不再过多解释

设备简介：

本人使用 两台华为路由器   quidway 2600 serices 

测试环境：

两台 pc 配置为

pc1

 

pc2

 

网络拓扑图

案例一：浮动路由配置

R4 的配置文件如下：

  interface Ethernet0

    ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

    ospf enable area 0.0.0.0

  interface Serial0

    ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 

    ospf enable area 0.0.0.0

  interface Serial1

    ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0

  ospf enable

  ip route-static 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.2 preference 60

R14的配置文件如下：

  interface Ethernet0

    ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0

    ospf enable area 0.0.0.0  //在 ethernet 0 口 启用ospf

  interface Serial0

    link-protocol ppp

    ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 

    ospf enable area 0.0.0.0  //在serial 0 口启用ospf

  interface Serial1

    link-protocol ppp

    ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0

  ospf enable   //全局性启用ospf协议

  ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1 preference 60

//添加的默认路由

在 R14上对serial 线路进行重置

[R14-Serial0]shut 

[R14-Serial0]undo shut 

% Interface Serial0 is reset

%01:17:09: Interface Serial0 is UP

%01:17:10: Line protocol ip on the interface Serial0 is UP

[R14-Serial0]int ser  1

[R14-Serial1]shut     

% Interface Serial1 is shut down

%01:17:37: Interface Serial1 is DOWN         

[R14-Serial1]undo shut

% Interface Serial1 is reset

R4 的路由表

[R4]dis ip rou

Routing Tables:

  Destination/Mask  Proto   Pref     Metric     Nexthop    Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.1.0/24  Direct    0         0    192.168.1.254 Ethernet0          

  192.168.1.254/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.2.0/24  Direct    0         0      192.168.2.2 Serial0            

    192.168.2.1/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.2.2/32  Direct    0         0      192.168.2.2 Serial0            

    192.168.3.0/24    OSPF   10      1572      192.168.2.2 Serial0            

    192.168.4.0/24  Direct    0         0      192.168.4.2 Serial1            

    192.168.4.1/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.4.2/32  Direct    0         0      192.168.4.2 Serial1            

R14 的路由表

[R14]dis ip rou

Routing Tables:

  Destination/Mask  Proto   Pref     Metric     Nexthop    Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.1.0/24    OSPF   10      1572      192.168.2.1 Serial0            

    192.168.2.0/24  Direct    0         0      192.168.2.1 Serial0            

    192.168.2.1/32  Direct    0         0      192.168.2.1 Serial0            

    192.168.2.2/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.3.0/24  Direct    0         0    192.168.3.254 Ethernet0          

  192.168.3.254/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.4.0/24  Direct    0         0      192.168.4.1 Serial1            

    192.168.4.1/32  Direct    0         0      192.168.4.1 Serial1            

192.168.4.2/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 

网络追踪测试

pc2---》pc1

网络追踪测试

pc1---》pc2

模拟关闭ospf链路

[R14-Serial0]shut

% Interface Serial0 is shut down

[R14-Serial0]

%01:21:24: Interface Serial0 is DOWN

%01:21:24: Line protocol ip on the interface Serial0 is DOWN

静态的备份路由已经启动

[R14]dis ip rou

Routing Tables:

  Destination/Mask  Proto   Pref     Metric     Nexthop    Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.1.0/24  Static   60         0      192.168.4.1 Serial1            

    192.168.3.0/24  Direct    0         0    192.168.3.254 Ethernet0          

  192.168.3.254/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.4.0/24  Direct    0         0      192.168.4.1 Serial1            

    192.168.4.1/32  Direct    0         0      192.168.4.1 Serial1            

    192.168.4.2/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 

[R4]dis ip rou

Routing Tables:

  Destination/Mask  Proto   Pref     Metric     Nexthop    Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.1.0/24  Direct    0         0    192.168.1.254 Ethernet0          

  192.168.1.254/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.3.0/24  Static   60         0      192.168.4.2 Serial1            

    192.168.4.0/24  Direct    0         0      192.168.4.2 Serial1            

    192.168.4.1/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.4.2/32  Direct    0         0      192.168.4.2 Serial1            

[R4]

网络追踪测试

pc2---》pc1

网络追踪测试

pc1---》pc2

重新开启serial 0 网卡

[R14]int  ser 0

[R14-Serial0]undo shut

% Interface Serial0 is reset

%01:24:24: Interface Serial0 is UP

%01:24:25: Line protocol ip on the interface Serial0 is UP

此时的ospf主链路成功启用

案例二：主备模式

由于ospf是动态的路由协议。我们再此使用静态代替ospf进行测试。不修改也可以。

在全局模式下执行“undo ospf enable”

R4的配置

[R4]ip rou 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2

此时的路由表为：

[R4]dis ip rou

Routing Tables:

  Destination/Mask  Proto   Pref     Metric     Nexthop    Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.1.0/24  Direct    0         0    192.168.1.254 Ethernet0          

  192.168.1.254/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.2.0/24  Direct    0         0      192.168.2.2 Serial0            

    192.168.2.1/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.2.2/32  Direct    0         0      192.168.2.2 Serial0            

    192.168.3.0/24  Static   60         0      192.168.2.2 Serial0            

                                                               192.168.4.2 Serial1            

    192.168.4.0/24  Direct    0         0      192.168.4.2 Serial1            

    192.168.4.1/32  Direct    0         0        127.0.0.1 LoopBack0          

    192.168.4.2/32  Direct    0         0      192.168.4.2 Serial1 

配置备份的相关参数

[R4-Serial0]stan int ser 1

%01:31:40: 接口Serial1当前状态变为DOWN

%01:31:40: ip协议在Serial1上状态变为DOWN!

[R4-Serial0]sta time enable 2

[R4-Serial0]sta time disable 2

R14的配置

[R14]undo ospf enable

  Terminate OSPF task...

  OSPF disabled

添加默认路由

[R14]ip rou  192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

R14的路由表

[R14]dis ip rou

Routing Tables:

Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.1.0/24 Static 60 0 192.168.2.1 Serial0

192.168.4.1 Serial1

192.168.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.2.1 Serial0

192.168.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.2.1 Serial0

192.168.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.3.254 Ethernet0

192.168.3.254/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.4.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.4.1 Serial1

192.168.4.1/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.4.1 Serial1

192.168.4.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

[R14]

配置备份

[R14-Serial0]stan int ser 1

%01:33:40: 接口Serial1当前状态变为DOWN

%01:33:40: ip协议在Serial1上状态变为DOWN!

[R14-Serial0]sta time enable 2

[R14-Serial0]sta time disable 2

R14的路由表如下

[R14]dis ip rou

路由表:

目的地址/掩码 协议 优先级 度量 下一跳 接口

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.1.0/24 Static 60 0 192.168.2.1 Serial0

192.168.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.2.1 Serial0

192.168.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.2.1 Serial0

192.168.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.3.254 Ethernet0

192.168.3.254/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

[R14]

测试：

pc2---》pc1

pc1---》pc2

关闭链路并查看路由表

[R4-Serial0]shutdown

%01:42:07: Interface Serial0 is DOWN

%01:42:07: Line protocol ip on the interface Serial0 is DOWN

%01:42:14: Interface Serial1 is UP

%01:42:14: Line protocol ip on the interface Serial1 is UP

[R4]dis ip rou

Routing Tables:

Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.254 Ethernet0

192.168.1.254/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.3.0/24 Static 60 0 192.168.4.2 Serial1

192.168.4.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.4.2 Serial1

192.168.4.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.4.2/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.4.2 Serial1

[R14]dis ip rou

Routing Tables:

Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.1.0/24 Static 60 0 192.168.4.1 Serial1

192.168.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.3.254 Ethernet0

192.168.3.254/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.4.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.4.1 Serial1

192.168.4.1/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.4.1 Serial1

192.168.4.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

[R14]

测试：

pc2---》pc1

pc1---》pc2

案例三：链路捆绑

针对standby链路进行修改。

删除不必要的配置

R14的配置

[R14-Serial0]undo standby interface Serial 1

[R14]undo ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1

[R14]Undo ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

[R14]int ser 1

[R14-Serial1]undo ip address

[R14]int ser 1

[R14-Serial1]undo ip address

[R14-Serial0]int vi 1

[R14-Virtual-Template1]ip add 192.168.6.2 24

[R14-Serial0]int vi 1

[R14-Virtual-Template1]ppp mp

[R14]ip rou 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1

[R14] Serial0

[R14-Serial0]ppp mp

[R4-Serial0]int ser 1

[R14-Serial1]ppp mp

[R14-Serial1]

%02:15:00: Line protocol ip on the interface Virtual-Template1(Virtual-Template1:0) is UP

路由表：

[R14]dis ip rou

Routing Tables:

Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.1.0/24 Static 60 0 192.168.6.1 Virtual-Template1

192.168.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.3.254 Ethernet0

192.168.3.254/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.6.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.6.2 Virtual-Template1

192.168.6.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

R4的配置

[R4-Serial0]undo standby interface Serial 1

[R4]undo ip route-static 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.2

[R4]undo ip route-static 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2

[R4]int ser 0

[R4-Serial0]undo ip add

%02:01:57: Line protocol ip on the interface Serial0 is DOWN

[R4-Serial1]ppp  mp 

[R4-Serial0]int ser 1

[R4-Serial1]undo ip add

[R4-Serial1]ppp  mp 

[R4]int vi 1

[R4-Virtual-Template1]ip add 192.168.6.1 24

[R4-Virtual-Template1]ppp mp

添加默认路由

[R4]ip rou 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.2

R4的路由表

[R4]dis ip rou

Routing Tables:

Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.254 Ethernet0

192.168.1.254/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

192.168.3.0/24 Static 60 0 192.168.6.2 Virtual-Template1

192.168.6.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.6.1 Virtual-Template1

192.168.6.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

[R4]

路由追踪 pc2--->pc1

路由追踪 pc1--->pc2

[R14-Serial0]shu

% Interface Serial0 is shut down

%02:17:44: Interface Serial0 is DOWN

网络依旧

[R14-Serial0]und shu

% Interface Serial0 is reset

%02:18:09: Interface Serial0 is UP

网络追踪 pc2--->pc1

网络追踪 pc1--->pc2

这是比较好的！！！方案 费用较高！！

             嗯，韩语说得对！！！