一、含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构
有些动词 ( 如：give，tell，buy 等 ) 在句中做谓语时可有两个宾语 ( 直接宾语和间接宾语 ) ，又称双宾语。含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。当直接宾语变为被动结构的主语时，间接宾语前应加介词 to ( 有时可以省去 ) 或 for。如：
1、My mother gave me a pencil．
→I was given a pencil by my mother．
或：A pencil was given (to) me by my mother． ( 介词 to 可以省略 )
2、Father bought me a new coat．
→I was bought a new coat．
或：A new coat was bought forme． ( 介词 for 不可省略 )
【说明】
被动句中两个间接宾语对比时，其前的介词 to 不可省略。如：This apple is given to me ，not to you. 这个苹果是我的，不是给你的。
二、含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构
有些动词后面可以跟“宾语＋补足语”结构，这种结构被称作复合宾语。含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，只将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，宾语补足语保留不动，这时它就成了主语补足语。可以充当宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。如：
1．They call her Xiao Gao．
→She is called Xiao Gao (by them) ．
2．He told me to wait for you．
→I was told to wait for you (by him) ．
3．I found him lying on the floor．
→He was found lying on the floor (by me) 。
【说明】
在主动句中，动词不定式做感官动词 (see，watch，hear 等 )和使役动动 (make，have) 的宾语补足语，通常省去动词不定式符号 to。但改为被动结构后，要把省略了 to 再加上。但当动词是let 时，其被动结构中不定式仍不带 to。如：①They made him gothere alone．He was made to go there alone．②They let John go．→John was let go．
三、含情态动词的主动结构变为被动结构
含情态动词的主动结构形式是：情态动词 (can，may，must，should，could 等 ) ＋原形动词。变为被动结构时，其谓语形式是：情态动词＋助动词 be ＋及物动词的过去分词。如：
1．You must not put the bike here．
→The bike must not be put here．
2．You may do that a little later．
→That may be done a little later．
四、含短语动词的主动结构变为被动结构
“不及物动词＋介词或副词”构成及物的短语动词 ( 如 lookat，look after，listen to，laugh at，put up 等 ) ，是一个不可分割的整体，在由主动结构变为被动结构时，切记不可漏掉末尾的介词或副词。如：
1．You must hand in the exercise-books tomorrow．
→The exercise-books must be handed in tomorrow．
2．Someone laughed at him．
→He was laughed at．
五、主动结构的谓语动词为“不及物动词＋名词＋介词”构成的及物的短语动词时，通常把它看成一个整体。
但也可将这类短语动词本身的名词用作主语，构成被动语态，尤其是在名词前有定语修饰时。如：
1．She takes good care of children in the village．
→Children are taken good care of in the village．
或：Good care is taken of the children．
2．You should pay more attention to your pronunciation．
→More attention should be paid to your pronunciation．
或：Your pronunciation should be paid more attention．
Exercise：
将下列句子变为被动语态或主动语态。
1．My brother opens the windows every morning：
2．She didn't clean the room this morning．
3．Do they speak English in America？
4．The actor was loved by the young people．
5．The clothes weren't washed by her．
6．What was found by them？
7．Bob gave her an interesting book． ( 用两种方法 )
8．He bought his children some pencils．
9．Everyone calls me Xiao Wang．
10．Mary is making a doll．
11．She cannot compose such fine music．
12．My mother was cutting down the tree．
13．He hasn't received the letter．
14．Somebody was clearing the room when I arrived．
15．We believe him to be a great scholar．
16．We often heard him sing．
17．My father made me go there alone．
18．Everybody will know the truth soon．
Key：
1．The windows are opened by my brother every morning．
2．The room wasn't cleaned by her this morning．
3．Is English spoken (by them) in America？
4．The young people loved the actor．
5．She didn't wash the clothes．
6．What did they find？
7．She was given an interesting book by Bob．
An interesting book was given to her by Bob．
8．Some pencils were bought for his children by him．
9．I am called Xiao Wang by everyone．
10．A doll is being made by Mary．
11．Such fine music can't be composed by her．
12．The tree was being cut down by my mother．
13．The letter hasn't been received by him．
14．The room was being cleaned when I arrived．
15．He is believed to be a great scholar．
16．He was often heard to sing．
17．I was made to go there alone by my father．
18．The truth will be known by everybody soon．