Servlet和JSP读书笔记(二)

一. GenericServlet

   1. 前面写的 Servlet和JSP学习笔记(一) 中的实例都是通过实现Servlet接口编写的,这样存在的问题就是:你必须实现Servlet中的所有方法,而不管该方法是否包含有用的

代码。所以,在此基础上Servlet API 为我们提供了GenericServlet 抽象类。

     2. javax.servlet.GenericServlet接口 的源码如下:

package javax.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;


public abstract class GenericServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig,
        java.io.Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private transient ServletConfig config;

public GenericServlet() { // NOOP }   
    
@Override public void destroy() { // NOOP by default }

@Override public String getInitParameter(String name) { return getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name); } @Override public Enumeration getInitParameterNames() { return getServletConfig().getInitParameterNames(); }   /*
      为我们提供了方法获取ServletConfig实例

    */
@Override public ServletConfig getServletConfig() { return config; } @Override public ServletContext getServletContext() { return getServletConfig().getServletContext(); } @Override public String getServletInfo() { return ""; } /*   在此方法中将ServletConfig对象赋值给一个类成员变量,通过getServletConfig()获取该类级成员变量

  */ @Override public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { this.config = config; this.init(); } public void init() throws ServletException { // NOOP by default } public void log(String msg) { getServletContext().log(getServletName() + ": " + msg); } public void log(String message, Throwable t) { getServletContext().log(getServletName() + ": " + message, t); } @Override public abstract void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException;  public String getServletName() { return config.getServletName(); } }

    该抽象类主要做了一下的三件事:

    ①在init方法中将ServletConfig对象赋值给一个类成员变量,通过getServletConfig()获取该类级成员变量。

    ②为Servlet接口中的方法供默认实现。

    ③ 提供方法包装ServletConfig中的方法。

 

  2. GenericServlet示例。

    备注:根据源码个人需求,在继承GenericServlet抽象类时,我们只需要实现service抽象方法就可以了,其他的方法GenericServlet已经帮我们做了处理。

 

    ① 编写Servlet 类

package com.hjj.servlet.two;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;


public class TestGenericServlet extends GenericServlet {

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String name = this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("two");
        response.setContentType("text/html");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
        pw.print("测试GenericServlet hello "+name+"");
                
        
    }
        
}

    

    ②因为在之前的实例中我用的是注解的方式进行servlet的配置,所以在这里我使用web.xml进行配置。

 

xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
DOCTYPE web-app 
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" 
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"> 
<web-app> 
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>testGenericServletservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.hjj.servlet.two.TestGenericServletservlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>twoparam-name>
            <param-value>GenericServletparam-value>
        init-param>
    servlet>
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>testGenericServletservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/testGenericServleturl-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>
    
web-app> 

  

二. Servlet中的第二个包 javax.servlet.http.* 的主要类型 

    备注:这个包中提供的HttpServlet为我们编写Servlet提供另外一种写法

public abstract class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
public interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest

public interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse

 

三.  public class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet

  1. HttpServlet具体信息为:public abstract class HttpServlet extends  GenericServlet implements java.io.Serializable

  2.该类的部分源码如下:

    

package javax.servlet.http;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;

import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;
import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;


public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private static final String METHOD_DELETE = "DELETE";
    private static final String METHOD_HEAD = "HEAD";
    private static final String METHOD_GET = "GET";
    private static final String METHOD_OPTIONS = "OPTIONS";
    private static final String METHOD_POST = "POST";
    private static final String METHOD_PUT = "PUT";
    private static final String METHOD_TRACE = "TRACE";

    private static final String HEADER_IFMODSINCE = "If-Modified-Since";
    private static final String HEADER_LASTMOD = "Last-Modified";

    private static final String LSTRING_FILE =
        "javax.servlet.http.LocalStrings";
    private static ResourceBundle lStrings =
        ResourceBundle.getBundle(LSTRING_FILE);

    public HttpServlet() {
        // NOOP
    }


    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_get_not_supported");
        if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, msg);
        } else {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, msg);
        }
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_post_not_supported");
        if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, msg);
        } else {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, msg);
        }
    }

  //重载的service方法
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        String method = req.getMethod();

        if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1) {
                // servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason
                // to go through further expensive logic
                doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince;
                try {
                    ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                    // Invalid date header - proceed as if none was set
                    ifModifiedSince = -1;
                }
                if (ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000 * 1000)) {
                    // If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet()
                    // Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare
                    // A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less
                    maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
                }
            }

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            doHead(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
            doPost(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
            doPut(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
            doDelete(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
            doOptions(req,resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
            doTrace(req,resp);

        } else {
            //
            // Note that this means NO servlet supports whatever
            // method was requested, anywhere on this server.
            //

            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
            errArgs[0] = method;
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);

            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
        }
    }


   //重写父类GenericServlet的service 
    @Override
    public void service throws ServletException, IOException {

        HttpServletRequest  request;
        HttpServletResponse response;

        try {
            request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
            response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
        }

    
 //实际上调用上的还是上面的重载的方法:protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
     service(request, response);
  }
    
    //此处省略部分源码
}

  3. 该类继承了GenericServlet。重写的service方法,传递的参数依然是ServletRequest实例和ServletResponse实例。但是我们可以看到源码,它把ServletRequest和

ServletResponse两个实例分别转化为HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse实例。同时实现了重载了一个方法: service(HttpServletRequest req,

HttpServletResponse resp)。并且在参数类型为ServletRequest和ServletResponse的重写方法service 中调用了参数类型为HttpServletRequest 和

HttpServletResponse 的重载方法 service。service重载方法做的事情为:判断请求的类型是GET、POST、HEAD、OPTIONS、PUT、DELETE或者TRACE,然后分别调用相应

的doGet,doPost,doHead,doOptions,doPut,doDelete,doTrace方法。我们常用的请求有GET和POST,因此,我贴上去的源码只有doGet和doPut方法。基于源码的实现,我

们通过继承HttpServlet去编写一个Servlet应用程序时,只需要实现重写doGet()和doPost()方法即可。

 

四. 关于service重载方法传递的两个参数:HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse

  1. HttpServletRequest

    ① 具体信息 :public interface extends  ServletRequest 

    ②HttpServletRequest表示HTTP环境中的Servlet请求。

    ③比ServletRequest接口增加的主要方法有: 

public java.lang.String getContextPath() //返回请求Servlet应用程序的URI部分。
public Cookie[] getCookies() //返回一个Cookies数组
public java.lang.String getHeader(java.lang.String name) //返回指定的HTTP 标头的值
public java.lang.String getMethod() // 返回发出这条请求的HTTP方法的名称
public java.lang.String getQueryString()//返回请求Servlet应用的URL中的查询字符串
public HttpSession getSession(boolean create) //返回与这个请求有关的session对象。如果没找到,且create为true,则创建新的session
public HttpSession getSession() //返回与这个请求有关的session对象,如果没有则创建新的session并且返回

 

  2. HttpServletResponse

    ①具体信息:public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse

    ②HttpServletResponse表示HTTP环境下的Servlet响应。

    ③声明的部分方法: 

public void addCookie(Cookie cookie)           //给当前的响应对象添加cookie

public void sendRedirect(java.lang.String location) throws java.io.IOException // 将浏览器重定向到指定位置
public void addHeader(java.lang.String name, java.lang.String value ) // 给当前的响应添加标头

 

 五. 采用继承HttpServlet编写Servlet小示例。

    1. 通过继承HttpServlet实现编写一个Servlet应用程序。
      
package com.hjj.servlet.two;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet(name="testHttpServlet",urlPatterns="/testHttpServlet")
public class TestHttpServlet extends HttpServlet{
    
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            System.out.println("我是 doGet 方法,我被调用了");
            response.setContentType("text/html");
            response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
            
            PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
            pw.println("测试HttpServlet
"); pw.println("

提交数据

" ); pw.println("
"); pw.println("

姓名

"); pw.println("

"); pw.println("
"); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("我是 doPost 方法,我被调用了"); response.setContentType("text/html"); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); String name = request.getParameter("name"); PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter(); pw.println("测试提交数据"); pw.println("

"); pw.println("get提交的表单的值为:"+name); pw.println("

"); } }

    2. 在浏览器中输入url:http://localhost:8080/one/testHttpServlet

      页面显示:

      Servlet和JSP读书笔记(二)_第1张图片

      控制台打印:

            我是 doGet 方法,我被调用了

   3. 在上一个页面的表单中输入值

      Servlet和JSP读书笔记(二)_第2张图片u

    提交后页面显示:

      

    控制台打印:

          我是 doPost 方法,我被调用了

 

  

        

service

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