1.1 环境准备
1.1.1 添加新磁盘，分区并格式化
fdisk -uc /dev/sdb mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1bs=1M count=1
1.1.2 在hosts文件中添加以下记录
cat /etc/host 172.16.1.111 test01 172.16.1.112 test02 172.16.1.113 web
1.1.3 关闭selinux和iptables
setenforce 0 /etc/init.d/iptables stop
1.1.4 测试约定
主机名，系统版本及内核版本：
[root@test01 ~]# uname -nr test01 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 [root@test01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
[root@test02 ~]# uname -nr test02 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 [root@test02 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
[root@web ~]# uname -nr web 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 [root@web ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.7 (Final)测试IP：
test01 172.16.1.111 test02 172.16.1.112 web 172.16.1.113 虚拟IP 172.16.1.100
1.2 DRBD的安装
1.2.1 配置DRBD
默认官方源中没有drbd软件，所以使用elrepo源
[root@test01 ~]# rpm --importhttps://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org [root@test01 ~]# rpm -Uvhhttp://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-6.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm Retrieving http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-6.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:elrepo-release ########################################### [100%] [root@test01 ~]# yum installdrbd84-utils kmod-drbd84 -y
[root@test01 ~]# modprobe drbd [root@test01 ~]# lsmod|grepdrbd drbd 365931 0 libcrc32c 1246 1 drbd
编辑配置文件
[root@test01 ~]# vim/etc/drbd.conf # You can find an examplein /usr/share/doc/drbd.../drbd.conf.example #include"drbd.d/*.res"; global{ usage-count no; } common{ syncer{ rate 200M; } } resource r1 { protocol C; startup{ wfc-timeout 120; degr-wfc-timeout 120; } disk { on-io-error detach; } net { timeout 60; connect-int 10; ping-int 10; max-buffers 2048; max-epoch-size 2048; cram-hmac-alg"sha1"; shared-secret"Mysql-abcD"; } on test01 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/sdb1; address 172.16.1.31:6666; meta-disk internal; } on test02 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/sdb1; address 172.16.1.41:6666; meta-disk internal; } }
1.2.3 初始化设备
[root@test01 ~]# drbdadmcreate-md r1 initializing activity log NOT initializing bitmap Writing meta data... New drbd meta data blocksuccessfully created. [root@test01 ~]# drbdadm up r1 [root@test01 ~]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash:833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70 build by phil@Build64R6, 2015-04-0914:35:00 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondaryds:Inconsistent/Inconsistent C r----- ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:5241660
现在两个节点都处于Secondary状态
将test01手动提升至primary。并将/dev/drbd0进行格式化以供挂在使用
[root@test01 ~]# drbdadmprimary --force r1 [root@test01 ~]# cat/proc/drbd version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70build by root@test01, 2015-12-07 10:40:31 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:1047484 nr:0 dw:0 dr:1048148 al:0 bm:0lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
1.2.4 格式化虚拟分区
[root@test01 ~]# mkfs.ext4/dev/drbd0 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) 文件系统标签= 操作系统:Linux .. ... Writing superblocks andfilesystem accounting information: 完成 This filesystem will beautomatically checked every 33 mounts or 180 days, whichever comesfirst. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@test01 ~]# tune2fs -c -1/dev/drbd0 tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Setting maximal mount count to-1
1.2.5 挂载测试
[root@test01 ~]# mkdir /data [root@test01 ~]# mount -t ext4/dev/drbd0 /data [root@test01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 1.5G 7.4G 17% / tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot /dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M 939M 1% /data [root@test01 ~]# touch/data/drbd.test [root@test01 ~]# ls /data/ drbd.test lost+found
手动切换连个节点状态，并进行挂载测试
[root@test01 ~]# umount /data [root@test01 ~]# drbdadmsecondary r1 [root@test01 ~]# cat/proc/drbd version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash:833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70 build by root@test01, 2015-12-0710:40:31 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:1080828 nr:0 dw:33344 dr:1048921 al:10bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
将test01手动提升至primary。并将/dev/drbd0进行格式化以供挂在使用
[[email protected]]# drbdadm primary r1 [[email protected]]# cat /proc/drbd version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash:833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70 build by root@test02, 2015-12-0710:40:31 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:0 nr:1080828 dw:1080828 dr:664 al:0 bm:0lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0 [root@test02 ~]# mkdir /data [root@test02 ~]# mount -t ext4/dev/drbd0 /data [root@test02 ~]# ls /data/ drbd.test lost+found [root@test01 ~]# umount /data [root@test01 ~]# drbdadmsecondary r1
现在drbd两个节点已经配置成功，并手动测试成功。drbd的两个节点，同时时间只有primary状态的节点提供服务。
1.3 配置nfs服务
test01 test02 web配置nfs的共享目录为/data ，test01 test02同时/dev/drbd0的挂载目录也是/data
1.3.1 将test01 drbd状态提升为primary并将/dev/drbd0挂载至/data,编辑/etc/exports文件，并本地测试。
[root@test01 ~]# cat/proc/drbd version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash: 833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70build by root@test01, 2015-12-07 10:40:31 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:1080828 nr:8 dw:33352 dr:1048921 al:10bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
[root@test01 ~]# drbdadmprimary r1 [root@test01 ~]# mount -t ext4/dev/drbd0 /data [root@test01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 1.5G 7.4G 17% / tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot /dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M 939M 1% /data
[root@test01 ~]# cat/etc/exports /data172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash)
[root@test01 ~]#/etc/init.d/rpcbind start [root@test01 ~]#/etc/init.d/nfs start [root@test01 ~]# chown -R nfsnobody.nfsnobody/data [root@test01 ~]# showmount -e172.16.1.111 Export list for 172.16.1.111: /data 172.16.1.0/24
[root@test01 ~]# mount -t nfs172.16.1.111:/data /mnt [root@test01 ~]# ls /mnt drbd.test lost+found [root@test01 ~]# touch/mnt/test01.test [root@test01 ~]# ls /mnt drbd.test lost+found test01.test
1.3.2 将test01状态降为secondary，将test02状态提升为primary，并将/dev/drbd0挂载至/data，编辑/etc/exports文件，并本地测试
[root@test01 ~]# umount /mnt [root@test01 ~]#/etc/init.d/nfs stop [root@test01 ~]# umount /data [root@test01 ~]# drbdadmsecondary r1 [root@test01 ~]# cat/proc/drbd version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash:833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70 build by root@test01, 2015-12-0710:40:31 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:1080952 nr:8 dw:33476 dr:1049979 al:10bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
[root@test02 ~]# drbdadm primary r1 [root@test02 ~]# mount -t ext4/dev/drbd0 /data [root@test02 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 1.5G 7.4G 17% / tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot /dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M 939M 1% /data
[root@test02 ~]# cat/etc/exports /data172.1.6.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash)
[root@test02 ~]#/etc/init.d/rpcbind start [root@test02 ~]#/etc/init.d/nfs start [root@test02 ~]# chown -Rnfsnobody.nfsnobody /data [root@test02 ~]# showmount -e172.16.1.112 Export list for 172.16.1.112: /data 172.16.1.0/24
[root@test02 ~]# mount -t nfs172.16.1.112:/data /mnt [root@test02 ~]# ls /mnt drbd.test lost+found test01.test [root@test02 ~]# touch/mnt/test02.test [root@test02 ~]# ls /mnt drbd.test lost+found test01.test test02.test
[root@test02 ~]# umount /mnt [root@test02 ~]#/etc/init.d/nfs stop [root@test02 ~]# umount /data [root@test02 ~]# drbdadmsecondary r1 version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101) GIT-hash:833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70 build by root@test02, 2015-12-0710:40:31 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r----- ns:124 nr:1080952 dw:1081076 dr:1726 al:2bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
至此：drbd nfs手动挂载测试成功
1.4 配置heartbeat
配置heartbeat以达到nfs主节点失效自动将所有资源切换到备用节点
1.4.1 两台nfs服务器上安装heartbeat
添加epel扩展源。官方yum源没有heartbeat
yum -y install epel-release yum install heartbeat -y
1.4.2 将两台服务器默认配置文件拷贝到/etc/ha.d/并做更改
[root@test01 ~]# rpm -qdheartbeat|grep doc /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/AUTHORS /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/COPYING /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/COPYING.LGPL /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/ChangeLog /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/README /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/apphbd.cf /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/authkeys /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/ha.cf /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/haresources
[root@test01 ~]# cp/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/authkeys /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/ha.cf/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/haresources /etc/ha.d/
[root@test01 ~]# egrep -v"#|^$" /etc/ha.d/ha.cf logfile /var/log/ha-log logfacility local0 keepalive 2 deadtime 30 warntime 10 initdead 60 mcast eth0 225.0.0.1 694 1 0 auto_failback on node test01 node test02
[root@test01 ~]# egrep -v"#|^$" /etc/ha.d/authkeys auth 1 1 sha1 liyanan [root@test01 ~]# chmod600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys [root@test01 ~]# ll /etc/ha.d/authkeys -rw------- 1 root root 647 12月 7 15:13 /etc/ha.d/authkeys [root@test01 ~]#echo " test01drbddisk::r1 Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4 nfsIPaddr::172.16.1.100/24/eth1 " >>/etc/ha.d/haresources
将附件的脚本加入到/etc/ha.d/resource.d/ 下并赋予可执行权限。
1.4.3 启动两台服务器heartbeat
[root@test01 ~]#/etc/init.d/heartbeat start [root@test01 ~]#/etc/init.d/heartbeat status heartbeat OK [pid 5362 et al]is running on test01 [test01]...
1.4.4 测试heartbeat
全部启动heartbeat服务
[root@test01 ha.d]#/etc/init.d/heartbeat status heartbeat OK [pid 22646 et al]is running on test01 [test01]... [root@test02 ~]#/etc/init.d/heartbeat status heartbeat OK [pid 13217 et al]is running on test02 [test02]...
检查test01挂载
[root@test01 ha.d]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G 7.3G 18% / tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot /dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M 939M 1% /data
检查test02挂载
[root@test02 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G 7.3G 18% / tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot
关闭test01的heartbeat服务后再检查挂载
[root@test01 ha.d]#/etc/init.d/heartbeat stop Stopping High-Availabilityservices: Done.
[root@test01 ha.d]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G 7.3G 18% / tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot
再次检查test02挂载
[root@test02 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G 7.3G 18% / tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot /dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M 939M 1% /data
再次启动test01的heartbeat服务，并检查挂载
[root@test01 ha.d]#/etc/init.d/heartbeat start Starting High-Availabilityservices: Done.
[root@test01 ha.d]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G 7.3G 18% / tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot /dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M 939M 1% /data
再次检查test02挂载
[root@test02 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G 7.3G 18% / tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot
经过循环测试，证明heartbeat服务已经成功接管drbd nfs VIP服务
可通过VIP向外部提供nfs挂载解决nfs单点故障。
终极测试，循环写入数据测试丢包率
测试方式：由test01为主，提供nfs服务、test02为备，接管nfs服务。web挂载test01提供的nfs共享目录。通过间隔 1S 连续在web的挂载点上写入数据，期间手动关闭test01的heartbeat服务，造成意外宕机的实验效果，等脚本执行完毕后，在web端查看写入的数据，以便检测丢包率。
检查挂载情况及虚拟IP
[root@test01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G 7.4G 18% / tmpfs 242M 0 242M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot /dev/drbd0 4.8G 11M 4.6G 1% /data [root@test01 ~]# ip add |grep 172.16 inet 172.16.1.111/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global eth1 inet 172.16.1.100/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global secondary eth1
[root@test02 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G 7.4G 18% / tmpfs 242M 0 242M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot [root@test02 ~]# ip add |grep 172.16 inet 172.16.1.112/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global eth1
[root@web ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.4G 2.1G 6.9G 24% / tmpfs 242M 0 242M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot 172.16.1.100:/data 4.8G 11M 4.6G 1% /data/www/
测试脚本：
for ((n=1;n<30;n++)) do touch /data/www/$n sleep 1 done
期间关闭test01的heartbeat服务，并检查最终测试结果
[root@web ~]# ls /data/www/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
测试结果表明数据丢包率为0，试验成功