Day8: Be动词及常用搭配

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Be

be是一个不规则动词有很多种形式：am、is、are、being、was、were、been。它可以被当做主要的动词或辅助的动词使用。

-- be动词做主要动词：

1. 表示qualities（性质、数量）：

   He's very rich.

   My father is old now.

   The weather was terrible.

   There are lost of wonderful places to see on the south coast.

   Not: There is lost of wonderful places... (there 和 be 搭配的时候要注意 there is + 单数名词、there are + 复数名词)

2. 表示nationality and group identity（国籍或身份）：

   Is she Irish or English.

   I am an Arsenal fan.

   He's been a member of the rowing club for twenty years.

3. 表示jobs and professions（工作职业）：

   He's a firefighter.

   Not: He's firefighter. (主语是一个人时职称要使用单数)

   Both of my brothers are policemen.

   My grandmother was a nurse.

4. 表示age（年龄）：

   I was seventeen when I met Bob.

   How old is she?

5. 表示relationships（关系）：

   He is my first cousin.

   Are you her sister?

6. 表示place（地点）：

   Her house is on the edge of the lake.

   The shops are at the end of the street.

7. 表示time（时间）：

   What time is it?

   The match was at seven o'clock.

   We are always late!

8. 表示behaviour、personality、feeling、situation（举止、个性、感受、情况）：

   He was alwas gentle.

   Is she nice?

   You're being too generous. (当在说话中讨论到表现时，用 be 的进行时形式)

   Ignore him. He's just being silly.

   I was very happy.

   Are you hungry?

-- be动词做辅助动词：

1. 英语中的三个助动词包括：be、do、have。我们在进行时和被动语句中使用助动词be

   I'm reading a book at the moment.

   The job was advertised last week.

   The house was being painted.

   注意：问句中主要动词为一般现在时，使用助动词do而非助动词be：

   Do you live near here?

   Not: Are you live near here?

常用Be表达式

1. be about to常用来表达事情很快就会发生：

   I'm about to eat. Can I phone you back?

   经常和just搭配使用：

   We're just about to set off for a walk. Do you want to come?

   当是过去时时，它又指事情快发生了但是没有发生：

   I was about to complain but he came over and apologised.

   不和时间表达搭配使用：

   I was about to call you.

   Not: I was about to call you in ten minutes.

2. be able to 和 can类似，用它来谈论能力。经常放在不能使用can的地方，比如在一个情态动词后面：

   She won't be able to concentrate.

   Not: She won't can concentrate.

   He should be able to work in a team.

   Not: He should can work in a team.

   be able to比can更正式：

   I am very sorry but I am not able to give you that information.

   I cannot give you that information. (less formal)

   was/were able to在陈述句中通常被用来谈论过去取得的成就成绩等，而不使用could。因为这已经是事实，没有可能：

   Only one person was able to beat the record.

   Not: Only one person could beat the record.

   我们在否定句中使用couldn't、wasn't/weren't able to：

   We weren't able to finish the marathon in under four hours.

   We couldn't finish ...

3. be due to用来表达未来的动作、事件将可能发生，经常和时间表达连用：

   The train is due to arrive at 11:00 PM. (The train is expected to arrive at 11:00 PM.)

   Are you due to hand in homework today.

4. be likely to用来表达一种可能发生的行为：

   Are parents who have a lot of money likey to spoil their children?

   它经常和more、less做比较级：

   I think men are more likely to spend a lot of money on food than women are.

   A: I liked Budapest as well.

   B: yeah. I'm probably less likely to go back there than to Prague.

   还经常使用it's likely to或it's likely that这种形式：

   It's likely to rain tomorrow. (It is probably going to rain tomorrow.)

   It's likely that sales will rise.

   在be likely to和be likely that的否定句中，可以使用not或者unlikely，后者更正式点：

   The company is not likely to make a profit in the second half of the year.

   People are unlikely to listen to him now because they know he lied.

5. be meant to用来表达什么是值得的，期待的或倾向的：

   A: It looks green to me.

   B: Oh, is it meant to be a different color?

   It was meant to be like a quiz and we were all in different teams and there was meant to be a fantastic prize.

6. be supposed to用来表达义务、约定：

   Where were you? You were supposed to be at the party.

   它可以表达人们对于某件事的期待或信仰：

   A: Take some of this.

   B: What's it supposed to do? (What does it do to you?)

   And then I'm gonna get a train over to Brussels which takes all day as well. It's supposed to be a nice route with forests and mountains and things.

7. be liable to用来表达可能遭受风险：

   That company is liable to go bankrupt if its stocks continue to drop at this rate. (That company runs the risk of going bankrupt if the value of its stocks continues to fall.)

   Even Susie is liable to get fired. (Even Susie runs the risk of being fired.)

8. be bound to / be bound for用来表达不可避免的行为、事件：

   She's bound to fail. (She's certain to fail. It's very probably that she will fail.)

   She is bound for stardom. (She is destined to be a star. It's very likely that she will be famous.)

   He's bound to be upset if you treat him improperly.

   It's bound to happen. (It's inevitably going to happen. It's sure to happen.)

9. be sure to用来表达动作几乎确定要发生，一般现在时带有将来的意思：

   Ginobili and Park are sure to succeed.

   The weather is sure to be worse tomorrow.

   在祈使句中，be sure to是make sure to的同义词之一，并且也有don't fail to的意思：

   Make sure to arrive at the meeting on time. (Don't be late for the meeting.)

   Don't fail to pay me back by Thursday. (You must pay me back by Thursday.)