本文主要参考 uWSGI的文档
1. nginx
安装
sudo apt-get install nginx
启动、停止和重启
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
或者
sudo service nginx start
sudo service nginx stop
sudo service nginx restart
2. uWSGI安装
用python的pip安装最简单：
apt-get install python-dev #不安装这个，下面的安装可能会失败
pip install uwsgi
3. 基于uWSGI和nginx部署Django
1.原理
the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django
2.基本测试
测试uWSGI是否正常
在django项目的根目录下创建test.py文件，添加源码如下：
# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return ["Hello World"] # python2
#return [b"Hello World"] # python3
然后，Run uWSGI:
uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
参数含义:
-
http :8000: 使用http协议，8000端口 -
wsgi-filetest.py: 加载指定文件 test.py
打开下面url，浏览器上应该显示hello world
http://example.com:8000
如果显示正确，说明下面3个环节是通畅的：
the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python
测试Django项目是否正常
首先确保project本身是正常的：
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
如果没问题，使用uWSGI把project拉起来：
uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi
-
module mysite.wsgi: 加载wsgi module
如果project能够正常被拉起，说明以下环节是通的：
the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django
3.配置nginx
安装nginx完成后，如果能正常打开http://hostname，说明下面环节是通畅的：
the web client <-> the web server
增加nginx配置
- 将
uwsgi_params文件拷贝到项目文件夹下。uwsgi_params文件在/etc/nginx/目录下，也可以从这个页面下载 - 在项目文件夹下创建文件
mysite_nginx.conf,填入并修改下面内容：
# mysite_nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
# configuration of the server
server {
# the port your site will be served on
listen 8000;
# the domain name it will serve for
server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
charset utf-8;
# max upload size
client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste
# Django media
location /media {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required
}
location /static {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
}
# Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
location / {
uwsgi_pass django;
include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
}
}
这个configuration文件告诉nginx从文件系统中拉起media和static文件作为服务，同时相应django的request
在/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下创建本文件的连接，使nginx能够使用它：
sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
部署static文件
在django的setting文件中，添加下面一行内容：
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
然后运行：
python manage.py collectstatic
测试nginx
首先重启nginx服务：
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
然后检查media文件是否已经正常拉起：
在目录/path/to/your/project/project/media directory下添加文件meida.png，然后访问http://example.com:8000/media/media.png ，成功后进行下一步测试。
4.nginx and uWSGI and test.py
执行下面代码测试能否让nginx在页面上显示hello, world
uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi-file test.py
访问http://example.com:8000 ,如果显示hello world，则下面环节是否通畅:
the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uWSGI <-> Python
用UNIX socket取代TCP port
对mysite_nginx.conf做如下修改：
server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
# server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
重启nginx，并在此运行uWSGI
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py
打开 http://example.com:8000/ ，看看是否成功
如果没有成功:
检查 nginx error log(/var/log/nginx/error.log)。如果错误如下：
connect() to unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock failed (13: Permission
denied)
添加socket权限再次运行：
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=666 # (very permissive)
or
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=664 # (more sensible)
5.Running the Django application with uswgi and nginx
如果上面一切都显示正常，则下面命令可以拉起django application
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=664
Configuring uWSGI to run with a .ini file
每次都运行上面命令拉起django application实在麻烦，使用.ini文件能简化工作，方法如下：
在application目录下创建文件mysite_uwsgi.ini，填入并修改下面内容：
# mysite_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]
# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir = /path/to/your/project
# Django's wsgi file
module = project.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
home = /path/to/virtualenv
# process-related settings
# master
master = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chmod-socket = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum = true
现在，只要执行以下命令，就能够拉起django application：
uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini # the --ini option is used to specify a file
Make uWSGI startup when the system boots
编辑文件/etc/rc.local, 添加下面内容到这行代码之前exit 0:
/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --socket /path/to/mysite.sock --module /path/to/mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=666
uWSGI的更多配置
env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings # set an environment variable
pidfile = /tmp/project-master.pid # create a pidfile
harakiri = 20 # respawn processes taking more than 20 seconds
limit-as = 128 # limit the project to 128 MB
max-requests = 5000 # respawn processes after serving 5000 requests
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/yourproject.log # background the process & log