旋元佑进阶语法(九)(名词从句 + 状语从句)

第十七章 名词从句
第十八章 状语从句

第十七章 名词从句

1.1 复合句

复合句(complex sentences)由两个以上的限定从句构成,包括主要从句与从属从句。主要从句是一个本身可以独立的句子。从属从句则需要有连词引导,整个放在主要从句中当做名词使用(称为名词从句)当做形容词用来修饰名词(称为表语从句)、或者当做副词使用(称为状语从句)

  1. Chicago is a grain-shipping center.
  2. Chicago is a center that ships grain. (表语从句)
  1. He worked overtime for the money.
  2. He worked overtime because he needed the money. (状语从句)
  1. I saw the mirror.
  2. I saw that the mirror was broken. (名词从句)
1.2 名词从句的种类

名词从句依其构造可以分成两种:由直述句改造而来的名词从句、以及由疑问句改造而来的名词从句。

1.2.1 来自直述句

如果是直述句要改造为名词从句,做法很简单:只要在直述句前面加上一个单独、无意义的从属连词 that(表示「那句话」或「那件事」),就是一个名词从句,可以放入主要 从句中当做名词使用了。

  1. He didn’t take the money.
  2. I believe that.
    I believe that he didn’t take the money.
1.2.2 来自疑问句

由疑问句改造出来的名词从句,又可分成两种:来自 Information Question、以及来自 Yes/No Question

  1. 来自 Information Question
    有疑问词(如 who, which, what, when, why, how, where 等)引导的疑问句,称为 Information Question。这种疑问句里头的疑问词可以充当现成的从属连词,所以只要把问号拿掉,不必加任何东西就可以直接成为名词从句
  1. What happened at his party?
  2. I never asked him the question.
    I never asked him what happened at his party.
  1. Where did he keep the money?
  2. He never revealed the question.
    第 1 句中有 where 这个疑问词、是个 Information Question。疑问词本身可以充当从属连接词,只要把问号拿掉、独立的疑问句改成从属从句即可。但是,疑问词 where 并非这个疑问句的主语,拿掉问号时还需要把疑问句的动词顺序还原,成为 where he kept the money。 接下来就可以把这个名词从句放进第 2 句(主要从句)中的宾语位置,成为这个复合句:
    He never revealed where he kept the money.
  1. Yes/No Question
    如果疑问句中并没有疑问词,这种疑问句称为 Yes/No Question。它要改成名词从句的话必须加上从属连词 whether 或 if
  1. Is it going to rain soon?
  2. By looking at the sky, I can tell the question.
    By looking at the sky, I can tell whether it is going to rain soon.
  • 在写作时最好尽量使用 whether 来表示「是 否」、避免使用 if。有几个原因:
    一.Whether 解释为「是否」,if 则有「是否」和「如果」两种解释。所以,用 whether
    来表达通常会比用 if 更清楚。
    二.句首位置只能用 whether、不能用 if 来表示「是否」。

Whether we can win the big prize will be decided soon.

三.介词后面可以用 whether 不能用 if。

The manager hinted at whether he would sign the contract.
这个复合句中有个介词 at,它后面的宾语位置可以放由 whether 引导的名词从句,但是 这个位置不能用 if,否则就是语法错误。

1.3 名词从句的位置
  • 名词从句必须放在主要从句中当做名词使用。而主要从句中的名词位置有下列五种:主词必须是名词动词的宾语必须是名词补语可能是名词名词的同位语必须是名词还有介词的宾语也必须是名词。这五种位置中,来自直述句的名词从句(以 that 连接的那种) 只能用在前四种、不能用在介词后面的宾语位置。至于来自疑问句的名词从句(以一些拼 成 wh-的词连接的那种)则是五种位置都可以使用,包括介词的宾语位置。以下就其出现 的位置分别探讨两种名词从句的用法。
  • 接下来这个部分请读者同时注意一个问题。直述句改为名词从句时要外加一个从属连接 词that。这个连词因为只有语法功能而没有实质的意义,所以经常是能省则省。That 从句 在它可以放的四种位置中,何时能够省略连词 that、何时不能,这个问题我们会连带处理。 在以下这一节的例句中,如果连词 that 前后没有打括号,表示它通常不能省略。如果 that 放在括号中,就表示这个位置的 that 从句只要不是太长、太复杂,都可以省掉连词 that。 至于疑问词改写而来的名词从句(以下称为 wh-从句),疑问词 who, what, where, when 等 等各有意义、不能省略。
1.3.1 一、主语位置
  1. That 从句
  1. Something is an undeniable fact. (有一件事是无法否认的事实。)
  2. The suspect has a strong alibi.(嫌犯拥有强而有力的不在现场证明。)
    something 显得好空洞,把他替换了
  3. That the suspect has a strong alibi is an undeniable fact.
    放在句首主语位置的 that 从句,连词 that 不能省略
    因为主语从句太长,读起来的感觉会比较复杂,建议放后面
  4. It is an undeniable fact (that) the suspect has a strong alibi.
    这里的that 可以省略
  1. Wh- 从句
  1. Where is he hiding now?(他现在藏身何处?)
  2. The question is a big mystery. (这个问题非常神秘。)
  3. Where he is hiding now is a big mystery.
    注意 is he 变成陈述语句变成he is
  4. It is a big mystery where he is hiding now.
    疑问词 where 是有意义的字(代表「在何处」),和空洞的 that 不同,因此不能省略。
1.3.2 二、动词的宾语位置
  1. That 从句
  1. Many people believe something.
  2. One’s zodiac sign determines one’s character. (星座决定人的性格。)
  3. Many people believe (that) one’s zodiac sign determines one’s character.
    名词子 句当宾语使用时,连词 that 可以省略
  1. I find something amazing.
  2. You still look so young.
    句 1 中因为有宾语补语 amazing,如果直接把句 2 改造成名词从句放进句 1 的宾语位置, 句型会不够清楚。所以必须先用虚字 it 暂代宾语位置,然后在句 2 这个直述句前面加上从属连词 that 制造出名词从句,但是移到句 1 的句尾位置,成为:
  3. I find it amazing (that) you still look so young.
    这种情况,前面 I find it amazing 这个主要从句很清楚,而后面 you still look so young 这 个名词从句自然就是虚字 it 的真正内容,所以连词 that 也可以省略掉。
  1. Wh-从句
  1. Why had he bought so much of that stock?
  2. He explained the question.
  3. He explained why he had bought so much of that stock.
    来自疑问词的连词 why 是个有意义的字(表示「为何」),不得省略。
1.3.3 三、补语位置
  1. That 从句
  1. It seems something.
  2. We’re going to win this game after all.
  3. It seems (that) we’re going to win this game after all.
    主要从句的主语 it 是纯粹的虚字、没有内容。动词 seems 是个系动词,后面的 that 从句是个名词从句、当主语补语使用。因为这个复合句仍然是主要从句在前、从属从句在后, 所以无意义的连词仍然可以省略。
  1. Wh-从句
  1. We all know what happened. The question is this.
  2. Can we do anything about it?
    第 2 句是个缺乏疑问词的 Yes/No Question。改成名词从句的做法是拿掉问号、加上连 接词 whether,成为 whether we can do anything about it 这个名词从句。这个名词从句直接放 入第 1 句(主要从句)中的主语补语位置取代 this,就会成为下面这个复合句:
  3. The question is whether we can do anything about it.
    疑问词转变过来的连词 whether 有意义(解释为「是否」),所以不能省略。
1.3.4 四、同位语位置
  1. That 从句
    所谓同位语(appositive),就是在名词后面再来另一个名词,后者和前者是全等关系、扮演同样的角色

The woman can’t forget the fact (that) her husband cheated on her. (同位语,名词从句)

  1. 不明显的同位语

The student is worried (that) he may fail in the exam.(这个学生担心他考试可能会不及格。)
The student is worried about the possibility (that) he may fail in the exam.
在 worried 后面本来有一个介词词组 about the possibility 修饰它,后面的名词从句 that
he may fail in the exam 是 the possibility 的同位语。而因为 the possibility 这个名词词组没有什么具体的内容、又和 that 从句重复,所以把可有可无的介词词组 about the possibility 省略掉,结果就是 The student is worried (that) he may fail in the exam 这个句子。

The family was unaware (that) a burglar had broken into the cellar.
The family was unaware of the fact that a burglar had broken into the cellar.
这个复合句中,主要从句 the family was unaware 也是 S+V+C 的句型。后面的 a burglar had broken into the cellar 是个完整的直述句,外加从属连词 that 成为名词从句。这个名词从句 扮演的仍然是同位语的角色

  1. Wh-从句

The question why the dinosaurs died out may never be answered.

  1. 不明显的同位语

I am not sure what caused the delay.
I am not sure of the question what caused the delay.
名词从句 what caused the delay 放在名词词组 the question 后面当它的同位语使用。原句
因为省略了可有可无的介词词组 of the question,因而看不大出来有个同位语位置在后面。

1.3.5 五、介词的宾语位置

介词后面也需要宾语,但是这个宾语应该用的是名词词组而非从句。如果是直述句外加 that 构成的名词从句,放在介词后面当宾语就是语法错误。不过,如果是 wh-从句,也就是有疑问词引导、或者有复合关系代词引导(后面的章节会有说明),这种名词从句就 可以放在介词后面

  1. My response depends on the question.
  2. What did he really mean by that?
  3. My response depends on what he really meant by that.
  1. His response dwells on the fact.(他的响应一直强调一件事实。)
  2. I owe him a favor. (我欠他人情。)
  3. His response dwells on that I owe him a favor (错误!)
  4. His response dwells on the fact (that) I owe him a favor. (同位语)
1.4 评论从句

有一些经常听到、类似口头禅的用语,如 you know, I guess, I suppose 等等,看起来也是限定从句的构造,但是无甚意义,只是放在句中不重要的位置当个点缀。这种用语称为评论从句(Comment Clause)

He was really afraid, I believe.
(我看他是真的怕了。)
This trick, you know, will never work.
(你晓得,这一招是一定行不通的。)
评论从句的用法往往就像上面两个例子所示:打个逗点放在句尾与主要从句隔开、或者前后加上一对逗点插入主要从句中间(通常是在主语与动词之间)。这种逗点的用法类似打上一对括号、在括号里面放的是可有可无的补充说明。

1.5 引用句

直接引用句会在引用文字前后加上双引号(”…”),间接引用句则会把双引号移除、引用的文字以名词从句方式纳入主要从句中

  1. The guard said, “The road is closed.”
  2. The guard said (that) the road was closed.
    请注意直接引句与间接引句在动词时态方面的变化。另外,不论是直接引句还是间接引 句,引用的文字都可以移到句首来加强语气,这时候主要从句的动词可以选择倒装到主语前 面、也可以不倒装,如下:
    “The road is closed,” said the guard.
    “The road is closed,” the guard said.
    The road was closed, said the guard.
    The road was closed, the guard said.
    在写作的时候,引用句如果采用倒装,修辞效果有时候会比较好。例如下面这个句子:
    Frank Kazinsky, chief analyst for the International Monetary Fund and an expert on oil, says that oil prices will keep rising until the supply completely runs dry.
    That Oil prices will keep rising until the supply completely runs dry, Frank Kazinsky, chief analyst for the International Monetary Fund and an expert on oil, says.
    上面句子的修辞效果不是很好,因为在主要从句主语 Frank Kazinsky 和动词 says 之间 有很长的同位语隔开。而且读者比较感兴趣的是此人说了什么,却一直到最后面才揭晓。这 时候不如采取倒装句,
    Oil prices will keep rising until the supply completely runs dry, says Frank Kazinsky, chief analyst for the International Monetary Fund and an expert on oil.

第十八章 状语从句

状语从句是三种从属从句(名词、形容词、状语从句)之中最简单的一种。它的构造和名词从句很像,但是用法大不相同。名词从句必须当做名词使用,在主要从句中必须放在主 词、宾语、补语、同位语等名词位置。如果删除掉名词从句,那么主要从句颇有可能会少掉主语、宾语等等,不再是个完整正确的句子。反之,状语从句则是副词类,在主要从句中用 它来修饰动词、形容词、副词等等,基本上它只是个可有可无的修饰语,整个删除掉的话也 不会影响到主要从句句型的正确性。

1.1 状语从句与名词从句的构造比较
1.1.1 来自直述句

直述句改造为名词从句时,要外加一个单独的、没有意义的从属连词 that,表示「那句话、那件事」。反之,如果直述句要改造为状语从句,那么同样要外加从属连词,但并不是加没有意义的 that,而是要加各式各样如 because, although, if, as, when, where 等等「有意义」的连词,用来表达各式各样的逻辑关系如「原因、让步、条件、状态、时间、地方」 等等

  1. I believe that ghosts are real.
  2. I believe that, because I have seen one with my own eyes. (省略状语从句不影响主句)
  3. He said sincerely that he was sorry.
  4. He said it so sincerely that his wife forgave him right away.
1.1.2 来自 Information Question

有疑问词引导的疑问句如果要改造成名词从句,只须拿掉问号、还原成非疑问句的动词 顺序即可,疑问词本身就可以充当连词来引导名词从句。如果是有疑问词引导的疑问句要 改造成状语从句,做法则是第一:拿掉问号、还原成非疑问句的动词顺序(这个部分和制造 名词从句完全相同);第二:在疑问词前面再加上 no matter(表示「不论」),或者在疑 问词后面加上-ever 的字尾(同样表示「不论」),就会变成状语从句。

  1. Where is the criminal hiding?
  2. Where the criminal is hiding is anybody’s guess.
  3. No matter where the criminal is hiding, the police is going to get him.
  4. Wherever the criminal is hiding, the police is going to get him.
1.1.3 来自 Yes/No Question

如果是没有疑问词引导的疑问句(叫做 Yes/No Question),改造成名词从句时除了要拿掉问号之外,还要外加 whether 这个从属连词(表示「是否」,来自 either … or)。如 果是要改造成状语从句,那么除了同样要拿掉问号之外,也要外加同样一个从属连词 whether,但是这时候 whether 不再解释为「是否」,而是表示「不论」。如果不加 whether, 改成加 no matter 也是一样,仍然表示「不论」

  1. Is he still alive?
  2. Whether he’s still alive (or not) is difficult to say.
  3. Whether he’s still alive (or not), I’m not going to marry anyone else.
  4. No matter he’s still alive (or not), I’m not going to marry anyone else.
1.2 常用的状语从句连词

以下按照字母顺序介绍一些常用的状语从句连词、了解一下状语从句的变化。这些从属连词的用法都是外加在完整的限定从句前面、构成状语从句。

1.2.1 After

After he graduated, the young man found himself unemployed. (毕业之后,这位年轻人发觉自己失业了。)
外加 after 构成时间状语从句,修饰动词 found 的时间。

1.2.2 Although/though

My sister doesn’t have a boyfriend now, although(though) she is very pretty.
拼成 although 或拼成 though,用法与意思都完全相同。外加 although 或 though 成为表示让步的状语从句,修饰动词 doesn’t have。

1.2.3 As

Haste makes waste, as the saying goes. (俗话说,欲速则不达。)
外加连词 as 表示「正如、如同」,构成状语从句,修饰整个主要从句。
Tears ran down the woman’s cheeks as the train pulled away. (火车离开时,泪水流下这个女人的脸颊。)
外加连词 as 表示「当…时」,构成时间状语从句,修饰动词 ran 的时间。
As there is little time left, we’d better hurry. (因为时间所剩无多,我们最好赶快。)
外加连词 as 表示「因为」,构成表示原因的状语从句,修饰动词 had better hurry 的原因。

1.2.4 As … as

You can stay on for as many days as you like. (你爱停留几天就可以停留几天。)
这是一组作比较的连词,外加在限定从句 you like 上面,构成作比较的状语从句,修饰限定符 many。

1.2.5 As far as

As far as I know, your friend had no part in the scandal. (就我所知,你的朋友并未涉入这桩丑闻。)
外加连词 as far as 构成表示程度的状语从句,修饰整个主要从句。

1.2.6 As if

这个连词,后面的状语从句可以采用陈述语气、也可以采用虚拟语气。

The student raised a hand, as if he was going to ask a question. (这名学生举手,好像要问问题。)
外加 as if 构成表示方法、状态的状语从句,修饰动词 rased 的方式。时间在过去,采用过去式的动词 was,所以这个状语从句的语气是表达事实的「陈述语气」。
The woman treats her husband as if he were a baby. (这个女人对待老公好像对待婴儿一样。)
外加连词 as if 构成表示方法、状态的状语从句,修饰动词 treats 的方式。时间是现在, 却采用 were 这个动词,所以这个状语从句的语气是表达非事实的「虚拟语气」。

1.2.7 As long as

As long as there is ammunition left, we will fight on. (只要还有弹药剩下,我们就会奋战下去。)
外加连词 as long as 构成条件状语从句,修饰动词 will fight on 的条件。

1.2.8 Because

I can’t go out with you tonight because I have a previous engagement. (我今晚不能跟你出去,因为先跟别人约好了。)
外加连词 because 构成表示原因的状语从句,修饰动词 can’t go out 的原因。

1.2.9 Before

Read the contract carefully before you sign it. (签约之前要仔细阅读合约内容。)
外加连词 before 构成时间状语从句,修饰动词 read 的时间。

1.2.10 For

You needn’t fear my brother, for he’s a good man. (你不必怕我哥哥,因为他是个好人。)
外加连词 for 构成原因状语从句,修饰动词 needn’t fear 的原因。

1.2.11 For fear that

The camper put water on the ashes for fear that he might start a forest fire. (露营的人在灰烬上浇水,唯恐会酿成森林大火。)
如果在限定从句外面加一个单独、无意义的连词 that,构成的是个名词从句。但是如果外加的是像 for fear that 这种有意义、表达某种逻辑关系的连词,那么构成的就是副词从句。以这个例子而言,for fear that 引导的状语从句修饰动词 put 的目的。

1.2.12 If

If you prefer, we can settle our differences in court. (如果你这样选择,我们也可以上法院解决我们的歧见。)
外加连词 if 构成表示条件的状语从句,修饰动词 can settle 的条件。

1.2.13 In case

In case you haven’t heard, SARS has broken out again. (万一你还没听说:SARS 又爆发了。)
外加连词 in case 构成表示目的的状语从句,修饰整个主要从句。

1.2.14 In order that

The speaker raised his voice in order that everyone might hear him. (演讲人放大了音量,目的是让每一个人都听得到。)
外加连词 in order that 构成表示目的的状语从句,修饰动词 raised 的目的。

1.2.15 In that

The experiment is a success in that it has proved the theory wrong. (实验成功了,意思是说它证明了这项理论错误。) (in the sense that 因为)

1.2.16 No matter

No matter(or whether) my father agrees or not, I’m going to be a singer. (不论我父亲同不同意,我都要去当歌星。)
外加 no matter … or not 表示「不论」,构成状语从句,修饰动词 going to be。这个连接 词 no matter 的用法和 whether 相同。

1.2.17 No sooner … than(一。。。就)

No sooner had the bell rung than the students jumped up to leave. (刚一敲钟,学生就跳起来走人了。)

1.2.18 Now that (既然)

Now that you're graduated, you should start working to support yourself. (既然你毕业了,应该开始工作自力维生了。)
外加表示「既然」的连词构成状语从句,修饰动词 should start 的原因。

1.2.19 On condition that

The man spoke to the press on condition that he remain anonymous. (这位男子向媒体发言,条件是他要保持匿名。)
外加连词 on condition that 构成条件状语从句,修饰动词 spoke 的条件。请注意:这 个状语从句中采用原形动词 remain,因为这里用的是「间接命令句」的语气。

1.2.20 Only that (只不过)

I really like to go to the party, only that I have to study for an exam. (我真的很想去参加宴会,只不过我必须准备考试。)
外加连词 only that 构成表示让步的状语从句,修饰整个主要从句。

1.2.21 Lest (以免)

Let me explain myself more clearly, lest there should be any misunderstanding.
(请容我说明清楚,以免有误解。)
外加表示「以免」的连词 lest 构成状语从句,修饰动词 let 的目的。

1.2.22 Since

It has been three years since I last visited the small town. (我上回造访这个小镇,至今已经三年了。)
外加表示「自从」的连词 since 构成时间状语从句,修饰动词 has been 的时间。
Since there’s nothing more to do here, we might as well go home. (既然在此已经没事可做了,我们不妨都回家吧。)
这时候,连词 since 的意思是「既然」,引导的状语从句修饰动词 might as well go 的 原因。

1.2.23 So that

There were three examiners in the small room, so that no student dared to cheat.
(小房间里有三名监考官,结果学生都不敢作弊。)
外加连词 so that 在此解释为「结果」,构成状语从句,修饰动词 were 的结果。
The school decided to send more examiners so that the students wouldn’t cheat.
(校方决定加派监考官,目的是不让学生作弊。)
连词 so that 在此解释为「目的是」,引导的状语从句修饰动词 decided 的目的。

1.2.24 So … that

It was so cold that the lake was frozen through. (天气冷到整座湖结了冰到底。)
外加连词 so … that 构成状语从句,修饰形容词 cold 的结果。如果修饰的对像是形容 词或副词,应选择 so … that 这组连词。

1.2.25 Such … that

It was such a cold day that few ventured outdoors. (天气很冷,结果没什么人敢出门。)
外加连词 such … that 构成状语从句,修饰名词词组 a cold day。如果修饰的对像是名 词,应该选择 such … that。

1.2.26 Suppose

Suppose you needed advice on your marriage, where would you go? (假设你的婚姻需要请教别人的意见,你会到什么地方去?)
外加表示「假设」的连词 suppose 构成条件状语从句,修饰动词 would go 的条件。注 意上例中采用的是表达非事实的「虚拟语气」。Suppose 引导的状语从句也可以选择采用「假 设为真」的「陈述语气」。

1.2.27 Than

That man has more money than he can ever spend. (那个人的钱一辈子都花不完。)
这是比较级的连词,引导的状语从句修饰限定符 more 来作比较

1.2.28 Until

Wait here until you are called for. (在这等,直到有人叫你的名字。)
外加表示「直到」的连词构成时间状语从句,修饰动词 wait 的时间。

1.2.29 When

I was in the bath when the doorbell rang. (门铃响起来的时候我正在泡澡。)
外加连词 when 构成时间状语从句,修饰动词 was 的时间。

1.2.30 Where

The virus thrives where people live in close proximity to one another. (这种病毒滋生在人口密度高的地方。)
外加连词 where 构成地方状语从句,修饰动词 thrives 的地方。

1.2.31 While

The woman made breakfast while her husband was still sleeping. (在她丈夫还在睡觉的时候,这个女人做好了早餐。)
外加表示「当…时」的连词 while 构成状语从句,修饰动词 made 的时间。
While there is no hurry, I would prefer to get the job done sooner than later. (虽然不急,最好还是把工作赶快做完。)
这时候 while 的意思是「虽然」,用法与 although 相同,引导一个表示让步的状语从句, 修饰动词 would prefer。

1.2.32 Whether 与 Wh-ever

外加 whether 如果解释为「不论」,构成的是表示让步的状语从句。同样的,一些作 wh-ever 拼法的字如果解释为 wh-外加 no matter,意思同样是「不论」,这种从句都是表示 让步的状语从句,用来修饰主要从句的动词。

Whether(or no matter) I do well or badly at the exam, I’m going out tonight to celebrate the end of the semester.
(不论我考试考得好不好,今晚我都要出去庆祝学期结束。)
Whoever(or no matter who) told you the story, it can’t be true. (不论是谁告诉你的,这个故事都不可能是真的。)
Whatever(or no matter what) is troubling you, tell me about it.
(不论你有什么困扰,都请你告诉我。)
Whenever(or no matter when) the man hears the song, he thinks of his first love.
(不论什么时候这名男子听到这条歌,都会想起他的初恋情人。)
Wherever(or no matter where) there is sunshine and water, there is life.
(只要有阳光与水的地方都有生命。)
However(or no matter how) you look at the matter, it isn’t fair.
(这件事情不论你怎么看,都不公平。)
Whichever(or no matter which) university you choose, you will be admitted.
(不论你挑哪所大学,都可以拿到入学许可。)

1.3 一条语法规则

表示时间与表示条件的状语从句,以现在式代替未来式

1.3.1 表示时间的状语从句
  1. He didn’t tell me when he bought the house.(名词从句)
    (他没告诉我他是什么时候买了这栋房子的。)
  2. He didn’t tell me the price when he bought the house. (时间状语从句)
    (他买这栋方子的时候并没告诉我价钱。)
  3. Do you know when he will return?(名词从句)
  4. He will call you when he returns. (时间状语从句)
  5. You can have this computer when I have finished—in about half an hour. (时间状语从句)
    句中的 when I have finished 是时间状语从句,外加的是表示「当…时」的连词 when。 这个状语从句用来修饰主要从句动词 can have 的时间。这种从句如果是未来时间,必须「当 做到了那个时候」,也就是要把未来时间当做就是现在。所以,动词的完成时就只能采用现 在完成时的形态(如 have finished)。
  1. I’ll let you know when he will return.(名词从句)
    (我会让你知道他什么时候会回来。)
  2. I’ll let you know when he returns. (时间状语从句)
    (到他回来的时候我就会让你知道。)
1.3.2 表示条件的状语从句
  1. I can’t remember if I turned off the gas or not.(名词从句)
    (我想不起来到底有没有把瓦斯关掉。)
  2. I have to go back if I didn’t turn off the gas.(条件状语从句)
    (如果没有关瓦斯,我就得回去一趟。)
  3. I have no idea if this plan will work or not.(名词从句)
    (我根本不了解这个计划到底会不会奏效。)(I have no idea about the question. Will this plan work?)
  4. I have a large reward for you if this plan works. (条件状语从句)
    (如果这个计划奏效了,我有个大奖要送给你。)

你可能感兴趣的:(旋元佑进阶语法(九)(名词从句 + 状语从句))