一起翻译一本书，公众号“追随己心”将带领大家一起翻译《Beyond Feelings: A Guide to Critical Thinking》，将学习了多年的英语真正用起来，体会原版书籍和英文的美。
Mind, Brain, or Both?
心智，大脑，或二者？
Most modern researchers use the word mindsynonymouslywith brain, as if the physicalorgan that resides in the human skull weresolelyresponsible for thinking. This practice convenientlypresupposesthat a problem that has challenged the greatest thinkers for millennia—the relationship between mind and physical matter—was somehow solved when no one was looking. The problem itself and the individuals who spent their liveswrestling withit deserve better.
许多现代研究者把心智(mind)用作大脑(brain)的同义词，好像只有这个在人头盖骨里的身体器官独一无二地负责思维。这种做法便利地假设了那个挑战了最伟大的思想家们近千年的问题（心智与身体物质之间的关系）在没人注意时不知怎么就解决了。而这个问题本身和花费毕生精力努力解决它的那些人，其价值更高。
Synonymously同义词
wrestlingwith全力以赴
solelyadv.唯一地;仅仅;独一无二地;纯粹;
presupposesv.预先假定( presuppose的第三人称单数);假设;以…为先决条件;意味
Neuro sciencehas provided a numberof valuable insights into the cognitive or thinking activities of the brain. Ithas documented that the lefthemisphereof the brain deals mainly with detailed language processing and is associated with analysis and logical thinking, that the right hemisphere deals mainly with sensory images and is associated withintuitionand creative thinking, and that the small bundle of nerves that lies between the hemispheres—the corpuscallosum—integratesthe various functions.
神经科学对大脑的认知或思维括动提供了不少宝贵的见解。研究文献记载，大脑的左半球主要涉及详细的语言处理，并且与分析和逻辑思维相联系，而右半球则主要处理感官映像，与直觉和创造性思维相联系，位于两个半球之间的一小簇神经（胼胝体）则把各种功能整合了起来。
Neurosciencen.神经系统科学（指神经病学、神经化学等）;
Hemispheren.半球;地球的半球;[解]大脑半球;
Integrates v.使一体化( integrate的第三人称单数);使整合;使完整;使结合成为整体;
Intuition n.直觉;凭直觉感知的知识;直觉力;
The research that produced these insights showed that the brain is necessary for thought, but it has not shown that the brain issufficientfor thought. In fact,many philosophers claim it can never show that. They argue that the mind and the brain are demonstrably different. Where as the brain is a physical entity composed of matter and therefore subject to decay, the mind is ametaphysicalentity. Examine brain cells under the most powerful microscope and you will never see an idea or concept— for example, beauty,government, equality, or love—because ideas and concepts are not materialentities and so have no physicaldimension. Where, then, do these nonmaterial things reside? In the nonmaterial mind.
导致这些见解的研究证明，大脑是思考的必要条件，但没有表明大脑是思考的充分条件。事实上，许多哲学家声称它永远也不可能是充分条件。他们认为，可以证明心智与大脑是不同的。大脑是由物质组成的物理实体，因而会衰退，而心智则是形而上的实体。你在最强大的显微镜下研究脑细胞，永远不会看到一个观念或概念——例如，漂亮、政府、平等或爱——因为想法和概念不是物质，所以没有物理维度。那么，这些非物质的事情存在于何处？在非物质的心智中。
Sufficient adj.足够的;充足的;充分的;
Metaphysicaladj.形而上学的;超自然的;抽象的;（英国）玄学派诗歌或诗人的;
Dimension n.尺寸; [复]面积，范围;[物]量纲; [数]次元，度，维;
The late American philosopher William Barrett observed that “history is,fundamentally, the adventure of human consciousness” and “the fundamental history of humankind is the history of mind.” In his view, “one of the supreme ironies of modern history” is the fact that science, which owes its very existence to the human mind, has had theaudacityto denythe reality of the mind.As he put it, “the offspring denies the parent.”
已故美国哲学家威廉·巴雷特(WilliamBarrett)说，“历史基本上是人类意识的冒险”和“人类基本的历史就是心智的历史”。在他看来，“现代历史的最大嘲讽之一’’就是，由于人类心智而存在的科学，已经胆大妄为到否认心智的存在。正如他所指出的：“子女否认父母。”
fundamentally adv.基础地;根本地;从根本上;
audacity n.大胆;鲁莽;胆大妄为;鲁莽行为;
The argument over whether the mind is a reality is not the only issue about the mind that has been hotly debated over the centuries. One especially important issue is whether the mind ispassive, a blank slate on which experience writes, as John Locke held, oractive, a vehicle by which we take theinitiativeand exercise our free will, as G. W. Leibnitz argued. This book is based on the latter view.
关于心智是否存在的论辩，并不是几个世纪以来围绕心智而激烈争论的唯一议题。一个特别重要的议题是，心智是消极的，即像约翰·洛克 (John Locke)所主张的经验书写于其上的“白板’’，还是积极的，即像莱布尼茨(G．W．Leib nitz)所认为的我们用以采取主动并行使我们自由意志的工具。本书乃基于后面这种观点。
initiative n.主动性;主动精神;倡议;主动权;
active adj.积极的，活跃的，有生气的;迅速的，敏捷的;有效的，起作用的;
passive adj.被动的;消极的;不抵抗的;冷漠的;
记：我们有一个大脑，并不代表我们会思考，更不代表我们有一个成熟的心智。