我们知道HSRP协议是cisco公司的私有协议,只能在cisco路由器上实现,当然别的厂商的路由器可以通过VRRP协议来实现,VRRP和HSRP协议很相似,其工作原理都一样,但是VRRP是公有协议。下面再来分析一下各网络设备厂商都支持的虚拟路由冗余协议:VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ) :
二、配置及说明:
1、
R1的配置:
R1(config)#int lo0
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#vrrp 1 ip 192.168.1.1
R1(config-if)#vrrp 1 priority 200 (设置VRRP组1的优先级为200)
R1(config-if)#vrrp 1 preempt (对组1 开启抢占)
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#track 10 int lo0 line-protocol (在全局模式下创建对象为10的事件号)
R1(config-track)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#vrrp 1 track 10 decrement 60(调用跟踪事件10,发现上行链路down后优先级会减60)
R1(config-if)#vrrp 2 ip 192.168.1.254 (在此基础上再建立一个组2,以备负载)
R1(config-if)#vrrp 2 priority 150
R1(config-if)#vrrp 2 preempt
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2、
R2的配置:
R2(config-line)#int lo0
R2(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#vrrp 1 ip 192.168.1.1 (设置组1的虚IP)
R2(config-if)#vrrp 1 priority 150 (针对组1设置相应的优先级。这样R1在组1的状态为backup)
R2(config-if)#vrrp 1 preempt
R2(config-if)#vrrp 2 ip 192.168.1.254
R2(config-if)#vrrp 2 priority 200
R2(config-if)#vrrp 2 preempt
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#track 20 int lo0 line-protocol (在全局模式下创建对象为20的事件号)
R2(config-track)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#vrrp 2 track 20 decrement 60 (发现上行链路down 降60,这样200-60<150就是backup)
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3、配置
PC1和
PC2指向各自的网关,以实现冗余和负载:
PC1(config)#no ip routing
PC1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1
PC1(config)#int f0/0
PC1(config-if)#no sh
PC1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0
PC2(config)#no ip routing
PC2(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254
PC2(config)#int f0/0
PC2(config-if)#no sh
PC2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.0
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三、验证实验效果:
1、查看一下
R1和
R2的
VRRP全局信息:
R1#sh vrrp
*Mar 1 01:01:57.243: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#sh vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Master
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.1
Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.0101
Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
Preemption enabled
Priority is 200
Track object 10 state Up decrement 60
Master Router is 192.168.1.2 (local), priority is 200
Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
Master Down interval is 3.218 sec
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 2
State is Backup
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.254
Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.0102
Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
Preemption enabled
Priority is 150
Master Router is 192.168.1.3, priority is 200
Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
Master Down interval is 3.414 sec (expires in 2.778 sec)
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R2#sh vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Backup
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.1
Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.0101
Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
Preemption enabled
Priority is 150
Master Router is 192.168.1.2, priority is 200
Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
Master Down interval is 3.414 sec (expires in 2.950 sec)
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 2
State is Master
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.254
Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.0102
Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
Preemption enabled
Priority is 200
Track object 20 state Up decrement 60
Master Router is 192.168.1.3 (local), priority is 200
Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
Master Down interval is 3.218 sec
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2、查看一下
R1和
R2的
VRRP的摘要信息:
R1#sh vrrp brief
Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addr
Fa0/0 1 200 3218 Y Master 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.1
Fa0/0 2 150 3414 Y Backup 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.254
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R2#sh vrrp bri
Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addr
Fa0/0 1 150 3414 Y Backup 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.1
Fa0/0 2 200 3218 Y Master 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.254
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3、将
R1的
f0/0 shutdown 之后,在
PC1上
traceroute:
R1(config)#int lo0
R1(config-if)#shutdown
PC1#traceroute
*Mar 1 01:14:22.935: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
PC1#traceroute 10.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.1.1
1 192.168.1.3 1036 msec * 20 msec
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4、再一次查看
R1和
R2的
vrrp摘要信息:
R1#sh vrrp brief
Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addr
Fa0/0 1 140 3218 Y Backup 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.1
Fa0/0 2 150 3414 Y Backup 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.254
R2#sh vrrp bri
Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addr
Fa0/0 1 150 3414 Y Master 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.1
Fa0/0 2 200 3218 Y Master 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.254
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四、总结:
VRRP
协议的工作原理跟
HSRP
基本一样,配置的时候注意一下在全局模式下创建一个事件号,然后在
track
的时候调用这个跟踪事件号。
VRRP
协议是一个公用的标准协议,各厂商的设备都支持。其同样可以实现网络的冗余与负载。