Guava LoadingCache不能缓存null值

测试的时候发现项目中的LoadingCache没有刷新,但是明明调用了refresh方法了。后来发现LoadingCache是不支持缓存null值的,如果load回调方法返回null,则在get的时候会抛出异常。

通过几个例子开看这个问题:

public void test_loadNull() {
    LoadingCache stringCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
            .maximumSize(10)
            .build(new CacheLoader() {
                @Override
                public String load(String s) throws Exception {
                    System.out.println("xx");
                    if (s.equals("hello"))
                        return "world";
                    else
                        return null;
                }
            });

    try {
        System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));

        // get触发load,load返回null则抛出异常:
        // com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader$InvalidCacheLoadException: CacheLoader returned null for key other_key.
        System.out.println(stringCache.get("other_key"));
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
public void test_loadNullWhenRefresh() {
    LoadingCache stringCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
            .maximumSize(10)
            .build(new CacheLoader() {
                int i = 0;

                @Override
                public String load(String s) throws Exception {
                    if (i == 0) {
                        i++;
                        return "world";
                    }
                    return null;
                }
            });

    try {
        System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));
        System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));

        // refresh的时候,如果load函数返回null,则refresh抛出异常:
        // Exception thrown during refresh
        // com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader$InvalidCacheLoadException: CacheLoader returned null for key hello.
        stringCache.refresh("hello");

        System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
public void test_loadNullAfterInvalidate() {
    LoadingCache stringCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
            .maximumSize(10)
            .build(new CacheLoader() {
                int i = 0;

                @Override
                public String load(String s) throws Exception {
                    if (i == 0) {
                        i++;
                        return "world";
                    }
                    return null;
                }
            });

    try {
        System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));
        System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));

        // invalidate不会触发load
        stringCache.invalidate("hello");

        // invalidate后,再次get,触发load,抛出异常:
        // com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader$InvalidCacheLoadException: CacheLoader returned null for key hello.
        System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
public void test_loadThrowException() {
    LoadingCache stringCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
            .maximumSize(10)
            .build(new CacheLoader() {
                @Override
                public String load(String s) throws Exception {
                    if (s.equals("hello"))
                        return "world";
                    else
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("only_hello");
                }
            });

    try {
        System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));

        // get触发load,load抛出异常,get也会抛出封装后的异常:
        // com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: only_hello
        System.out.println(stringCache.get("other_key"));
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

所以如果你需要缓存“空”值,推荐的做法是使用Optional对象来封装结果:

public void test_loadUseOptional() {
    LoadingCache> stringCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
            .maximumSize(10)
            .build(new CacheLoader>() {
                @Override
                public Optional load(String s) throws Exception {
                    if (s.equals("hello"))
                        return Optional.of("world");
                    else
                        return Optional.absent();
                }
            });

    try {
        Optional hello = stringCache.get("hello");
        if(hello.isPresent()) {
            System.out.println(hello.get());
        }

        Optional otherKey = stringCache.get("other_key");
        if(otherKey.isPresent()){
            System.out.println(otherKey.get());
        }
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

如果你的场景中认为null是不存在的,那么你可以在load函数中抛出异常,这个异常会通过get抛出。

另外还有一个问题,如果是key==null呢?答案是直接抛出java.lang.NullPointerException。Guava对于null是很不待见的。

参考资料

  • [Google Guava] 3-缓存 | 并发编程网 – ifeve.com
    http://ifeve.com/google-guava-cachesexplained/
  • Guava Cache使用笔记 - 代码说-Let code talk - ITeye博客
    http://bylijinnan.iteye.com/blog/2225074
  • guava - How to avoid caching when values are null? - Stack Overflow
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13379071/how-to-avoid-caching-when-values-are-null

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