StatefulSet
StatefulSet:Pod控制器。
RC,RS,Deployment,DS。---------->无状态的服务。
template(模板):根据模板创建出来的Pod,他们的状态都是一模一样的(除了名称,IP,域名之外)
可以理解为:任何一个Pod,都可以被删除,然后用新生成的Pod进行替换。
有状态的服务:需要记录前一次或者多次通信中的相关事件,以作为一下通信的分类标准。比如:mysql等数据库服务。(Pod的名称,不能随意变化。数据持久化的目录也是不一样,每一个Pod都有自己独有的数据持久化存储目录。)
mysql:主从关系。
如果把之前无状态的服务比喻为牛,羊等牲畜。把有状态比喻为:宠物。
每一个Pod对应一个PVC,每一个PVC对应一个PV。
storageclass:自动创建PV。
需要解决:自动创建PVC------------>volumeClaimTemplates
[root@master ~]# vim statefulset.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: headless-svc
labels:
app: headless-svc
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
selector:
app: headless-pod
clusterIP: None
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: statefulset-test
spec:
serviceName: headless-svc
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: headless-pod
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: headless-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: myhttpd
image: httpd
ports:
- containerPort: 80
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f statefulset.yaml
service/headless-svc created
statefulset.apps/statefulset-test created
Deployment:Deeployment+RS+随机字符串(Pod的名称。)没有顺序的。可以被随意替代的。
1.headless-svc:无头服务。因为没有IP地址,所以它不具备负载均衡的功能了。因为statefulset要求Pod的名称是由顺序的,每一个Pod都不能被随意取代,也就是即使Pod重建之后,名称依然不变。为后端的每一个Pod,去命名。
2.statefulset:定义具体的应用
3.volumeClaimTemplates:自动能够创建PVC,为后端提供专有的存储。
一、创建StorageClass资源对象。
1.基于NFS服务,创建NFS服务。
[root@master ~]# showmount -e
Export list for master:
/nfsdata *
2.创建rbac权限。
[root@master ~]# mkdir yaml
[root@master ~]# cp rbac-rolebind.yaml yaml/
[root@master ~]# cd yaml/
[root@master yaml]# vim rbac-rolebind.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: nfs-provisioner
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: nfs-provisioner-runner
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
resources: ["storageclasses"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["events"]
verbs: ["watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services", "endpoints"]
verbs: ["get","create","list", "watch","update"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
resources: ["podsecuritypolicies"]
resourceNames: ["nfs-provisioner"]
verbs: ["use"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: run-nfs-provisioner
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: nfs-provisioner
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: nfs-provisioner-runner
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
报错:
[root@master yaml]# kubectl apply -f rbac-rolebind.yaml
serviceaccount/nfs-provisioner created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nfs-provisioner-runner unchanged
The ClusterRoleBinding "run-nfs-provisioner" is invalid: subjects[0].namespace: Required value
排错:
38行添加:
namespace: default
成功:
[root@master yaml]# kubectl apply -f rbac-rolebind.yaml
serviceaccount/nfs-provisioner unchanged
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nfs-provisioner-runner unchanged
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/run-nfs-provisioner configured
3.创建Deployment资源对象,用Pod代替真正的
[root@master ~]# cp nfs-deployment.yaml yaml/
[root@master ~]# cd yaml/
[root@master yaml]# vim nfs-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nfs-client-provisioner
spec:
replicas: 1
strategy:
type: Recreate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nfs-client-provisioner
spec:
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nfs-client-provisioner
spec:
replicas: 1
strategy:
type: Recreate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nfs-client-provisioner
spec:
serviceAccount: nfs-provisioner
containers:
- name: nfs-client-provisioner
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/open-ali/nfs-client-provisioner
volumeMounts:
- name: nfs-client-root
mountPath: /persistentvolumes
env:
- name: PROVISIONER_NAME
value: bdqn
- name: NFS_SERVER
value: 192.168.1.10
- name: NFS_PATH
value: /nfsdata
volumes:
- name: nfs-client-root
nfs:
server: 192.168.1.10
path: /nfsdata
[root@master yaml]# kubectl apply -f nfs-deployment.yaml
deployment.extensions/nfs-client-provisioner created
4.创建storageclass
[root@master ~]# cp test-storageclass.yaml yaml/
[root@master ~]# cd yaml/
[root@master yaml]# vim test-storageclass.yaml
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: sc-nfs
provisioner: bdqn
reclaimPolicy: Retain
删除之前创建的sc:
[root@master yaml]# kubectl delete sc sc-nfs
storageclass.storage.k8s.io "sc-nfs" deleted
查看有没有删除:
[root@master yaml]# kubectl get sc
No resources found.
再次运行文件:
[root@master yaml]# kubectl apply -f test-storageclass.yaml
storageclass.storage.k8s.io/sc-nfs created
二、解决自动创建PVC
先删除之前创建的statefulset
[root@master yaml]# kubectl delete -f statefulset.yaml
service "headless-svc" deleted
statefulset.apps "statefulset-test" deleted
再修改statefulset.yaml里的文件:
[root@master yaml]# vim statefulset.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: headless-svc
labels:
app: headless-svc
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
name: myweb
selector:
app: headless-pod
clusterIP: None
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: statefulset-test
spec:
serviceName: headless-svc
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: headless-pod
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: headless-pod
spec:
containers:
- image: httpd
name: myhttpd
ports:
- containerPort: 80
name: httpd
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /mnt
name: test
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: test
annotations: //这是指定storageclass
volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: sc-nfs
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 100Mi
生成一下:
[root@master yaml]# kubectl apply -f statefulset.yaml
service/headless-svc created
statefulset.apps/statefulset-test created
验证是否能被使用:
[root@master yaml]# kubectl exec -it statefulset-test-0 /bin/sh
# cd /mnt
# touch testfile
# exit
[root@master yaml]# ls /nfsdata/default-test-statefulset-test-0-pvc-2fd45b61-6c69-4901-80da-66184e220b6f/
testfile
拓展:
以自己的名称创建一个名称空间,以下所有资源都运行在此空间中。用statefuset资源运行一个httpd web服务,要求3个Pod,但是每个Pod的主界面内容不一样,并且都要做专有的数据持久化,尝试删除其中一个Pod,查看新生成的Pod,总结对比与之前Deployment资源控制器控制的Pod有什么不同之处?
(一)创建StorageClass资源对象。
注意:nfs服务要开启
1、创建namespace的yaml文件
[root@master yaml]# vim namespace.yaml
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: xgp-lll #namespave的名称
执行一下
[root@master yaml]# kubectl apply -f namespace.yaml
查看一下
[root@master yaml]# kubectl get namespaces
-
创建rbac权限。
[root@master yaml]# vim rbac-rolebind.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: nfs-provisioner
namespace: xgp-lllapiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: nfs-provisioner-runner
namespace: xgp-lll
rules:- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"] - apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"] - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
resources: ["storageclasses"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"] - apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["events"]
verbs: ["watch", "create", "update", "patch"] - apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services", "endpoints"]
verbs: ["get","create","list", "watch","update"] -
apiGroups: ["extensions"]
resources: ["podsecuritypolicies"]
resourceNames: ["nfs-provisioner"]
verbs: ["use"]kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: run-nfs-provisioner
subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount
name: nfs-provisioner
namespace: xgp-lll
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: nfs-provisioner-runner
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
执行一下
[root@master yaml]# kubectl apply -f rbac-rolebind.yaml
3、创建Deployment资源对象,用Pod代替 真正的NFS服务。
[root@master yaml]# vim nfs-deployment.yaml
- apiGroups: [""]
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nfs-client-provisioner
namespace: xgp-lll
spec:
replicas: 1
strategy:
type: Recreate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nfs-client-provisioner
spec:
serviceAccount: nfs-provisioner
containers:
- name: nfs-client-provisioner
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/open-ali/nfs-client-provisioner
volumeMounts:- name: nfs-client-root
mountPath: /persistentvolumes
env: - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
value: xgp - name: NFS_SERVER
value: 192.168.1.21 - name: NFS_PATH
value: /nfsdata
volumes:
- name: nfs-client-root
- name: nfs-client-root
nfs:
server: 192.168.1.21
path: /nfsdata
执行一下
[root@master yaml]# kubectl apply -f nfs-deployment.yaml
查看一下
[root@master yaml]# kubectl get pod -n xgp-lll
4、创建storageclass的yaml文件
[root@master yaml]# vim test-storageclass.yaml
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: stateful-nfs
namespace: xgp-lll
provisioner: xgp #通过provisioner字段关联到上述Deploy
reclaimPolicy: Retain
执行一下
[root@master yaml]# kubectl apply -f test-storageclass.yaml
查看一下
[root@master yaml]# kubectl get sc -n xgp-lll
(二)解决自动创建pvc
1、创建statefulset的yaml文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: headless-svc
namespace: xgp-lll
labels:
app: headless-svc
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
name: myweb
selector:
app: headless-pod
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: statefulset-test
namespace: xgp-lll
spec:
serviceName: headless-svc
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: headless-pod
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: headless-pod
spec:
containers:- image: httpd
name: myhttpd
ports:- containerPort: 80
name: httpd
volumeMounts: - mountPath: /usr/local/apache2/htdocs
name: test
volumeClaimTemplates: #> 自动创建PVC,为后端的Pod提供专有的>存储。**
- containerPort: 80
- image: httpd
- metadata:
name: test
annotations: #这是指定storageclass
volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: stateful-nfs
spec:
accessModes:- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 100Mi
执行一下
[root@master yaml]# kubectl apply -f statefulset.yaml
查看一下
[root@master yaml]# kubectl get pod -n xgp-lll
- ReadWriteOnce
2、 验证一下数据存储
容器中创建文件
第一个
[root@master yaml]# kubectl exec -it -n xgp-lll statefulset-test-0 /bin/bash
root@statefulset-test-0:/usr/local/apache2# echo 123 > /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html
第二个
[root@master yaml]# kubectl exec -it -n xgp-lll statefulset-test-1 /bin/bash
root@statefulset-test-2:/usr/local/apache2# echo 456 > /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html
第三个
[root@master yaml]# kubectl exec -it -n xgp-lll statefulset-test-2 /bin/bash
root@statefulset-test-1:/usr/local/apache2# echo 789 > /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html
宿主机查看一下
第一个
[root@master yaml]# cat /nfsdata/xgp-lll-test-statefulset-test-0-pvc-ccaa02df-4721-4453-a6ec-4f2c928221d7/index.html
123
第二个
[root@master yaml]# cat /nfsdata/xgp-lll-test-statefulset-test-1-pvc-88e60a58-97ea-4986-91d5-a3a6e907deac/index.html
456
第三个
[root@master yaml]# cat /nfsdata/xgp-lll-test-statefulset-test-2-pvc-4eb2bbe2-63d2-431a-ba3e-b7b8d7e068d3/index.html
789
访问一下
kubernetes(k8s)StatefulSet 和 Deployment 区别及选择方式
访问方式:
Compare Deployment & StatefulSet
综上所述:
如果是不需额外数据依赖或者状态维护的部署,或者replicas是1,优先考虑使用Deployment;
如果单纯的要做数据持久化,防止pod宕掉重启数据丢失,那么使用pv/pvc就可以了;
如果要打通app之间的通信,而又不需要对外暴露,使用headlessService即可;
如果需要使用service的负载均衡,不要使用StatefulSet,尽量使用clusterIP类型,用serviceName做转发;
如果是有多replicas,且需要挂载多个pv且每个pv的数据是不同的,因为pod和pv之间是 一 一对应的,如果某个pod挂掉再重启,还需要连接之前的pv,不能连到别的pv上,考虑使用StatefulSet
能不用StatefulSet,就不要用
只能用StatefulSet:
最近在微软的aks平台上部署服务,由于Deployment在scale的时候需要动态申请volume,采取使用volumeClaimTemplates属性的方式来申请,当前Deployment对象(1.15)不支持这一属性,只有StatefulSet才有,因此不得不使用后者。目前看来有点本末倒置,不过不排除以后k8s会支持这一属性。
注意:
如果使用StatefulSet,spec.serviceName需要指向headlessServiceName,且不能省略指定步骤,官方文档要求headlessService必须在创建StatefulSet之前创建完成,经过测试,如果没有也不会影响pod运行(pod还是running状态),只是不能拥有一个stable-network-id 集群内部不能访问到这个服务(如果这个服务不需要被发现,只需要去发现其他服务,则serviceName随便写一个也行),官方要求要在创建StatefulSet之前创建好headlessService,是为了让pod启动时能自动对应到service上。
之所以要指定一个headlessService,是因为admin可以给StatefulSet创建多个、多种类型的service,k8s不知道要用哪个service的名称当作集群内域名的一部分。
Deployment类型则不能有此参数,否则报错。