linux环境下 Oracle10g /11g 安装全程

el*?

[root@localhost Desktop]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.39-400.17.1.el6uek.x86_64 #1 
SMP Fri Feb 22 18:16:18 PST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

注：el6系统上安装oracle 10g，版本至少要升级到10.2.0.4以上

一. 安装oracle10g

1.安装系统、网络配置及软件补丁包

1).安装系统
OracleLinux-R6-U4-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso
2).网络配置
vim /etc/hosts => 192.168.137.7 wyzc.com wyzc # 设置 IP 主机名全称主机名简写
保留hosts文件里的127.0.0.1行为默认值，注意该文件对于Other组有读权限。

[root@localhost Desktop]# hostname wyzc.com
[root@localhost Desktop]# hostname
wyzc.com

配置yum源

虚拟机挂载rhel7的镜像文件，这里以Vmware为例，虚拟机->可移动设备-》CD/DVD(SATA)->设置，然后“连接”刚挂载的镜像文件。

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
yum-config-manager --add="file:///mnt"
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-*
yum repolist

# enabled=1/0 当某个软件仓库被配置成enabled=0时，yum在安装或升级软件包时不会将该仓库做为软件包提供源。使用这个选项，可以启用或禁用软件仓库。

3).软件补丁包

yum install oracle-rdbms-* -y

查看：

[root@wyzc ~]# id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)
[root@wyzc ~]# passwd oracle =>密码改为oracle
[root@wyzc ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf #内核参数已改
.................
\# oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
\# oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
\# oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall setting for fs.aio-max-nr 
is 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
\# oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500  
# 此为11g/12c安装配置参数。如果安装10g，将两者分别改为1024和65000

[root@wyzc ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf # oracle资源限制也改好了

4). 配置安装目录等

[root@wyzc ~]# mkdir /u01 # oracle安装目录
[root@wyzc ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@wyzc ~]# 10G   -->  /u01/oracle/10g^C
[root@wyzc ~]# 11g   -->  /u01/oracle/11g^C
[root@wyzc ~]# 12c   -->  /u01/oracle/12c^C
[root@wyzc ~]# grid  -->  /u01/grid/12c  只能装一套grid产品

用户与组

groupadd -g 110 oinstall
groupadd -g 111 dba
groupadd -g 112 asmadmin
groupadd -g 114 asmdba
groupadd -g 115 asmoper

useradd -u 110 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle
passwd oracle

useradd -u 111 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,asmadmin,asmoper grid
passwd grid

若用了grid，就需要设置以下变量：

echo "
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export DB_HOME=/u01/oracle/11g
export ORACLE_HOME=$DB_HOME
export ORACLE_SID=wyzc10g
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
">>
.bash_profile

目录权限：

[root@wyzc /]# mkdir -p /u01/oracle/11g
[root@wyzc /]# mkdir -p /u01/grid/11g
[root@wyzc ~]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/oracle
[root@wyzc ~]# chown -R grid.oinstall /u01/grid

[root@wyzc ~]# mkdir /u01/oralnventory
[root@wyzc ~]# setfacl -R -d -m u:oracle:rw /u01/oralnventory
[root@wyzc ~]# setfacl -R -d -m u:grid:rw /u01/oralnventory

2. 安装oracle10g 10.2.0.1

[root@wyzc /]# umount /dev/cdrom

#虚拟机挂载oracle软件镜像10.2.0.5.iso

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@wyzc /]# ls /mnt
10201_clusterware_linux32.zip                           
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
10201_clusterware_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz  
# 上面为64位 oracle 10g 10.2.0.1安装介质                 
oracle-validated-1.1.0-14.el5.src.rpm
10201_database_linux32.zip                              
oracle-validated-1.1.0-14.el5.x86_64.rpm
10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz                     
oracle-validated-1.1.0-14.el6.src.rpm
55-openiscsi.rules                                      
oracle-validated-1.1.0-14.el6.x86_64.rpm
asm-el5.4-64bit                                         
oracle-validated-1.1.0-14.ol6.src.rpm
asm-rpm                                                 
oracle-validated-1.1.0-14.ol6.x86_64.rpm
el6-isan-udev.txt                                       
p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip 
\# 上面为64位 oracle10g 10.2.0.5 升级安装介质
iscsidev.sh                                             
p8202632_10205_LINUX.zip
jdk-6u20-linux-i586.bin                                 
p8350262_10205_Generic.zip
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.src.rpm  
updba-oracle-install-10.2.0.5-el5.noarch.rpm

[root@wyzc /]# zcat  /mnt/10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv
[root@wyzc /]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

[root@wyzc /]# su - oracle
[oracle@wyzc ~]$ cd database/
[oracle@wyzc database]$ ls
doc  install  response  runInstaller  stage  welcome.html
[oracle@wyzc database]$ ./runInstaller 
./runInstaller: /home/oracle/database/install/.oui: /lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or directory

[root@wyzc ~]# umount /dev/cdrom
\#虚拟机挂载下载的系统镜像文件OracleLinux-R6-U4-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso
[root@wyzc /]# mount /dev/cdrom /media
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@wyzc /]# yum -y install ld_linux.*
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
No package ld_linux.* available.
Error: Nothing to do
[root@wyzc /]#

\#虚拟机挂载镜像文件11.2.0.3-64bit.iso
[root@wyzc ~]# umount /dev/cdrom
[root@wyzc ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@wyzc mnt]# cp rpm.txt /root

\#虚拟机挂载系统镜像文件OracleLinux-R6-U4-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso
[root@wyzc ~]# umount /mnt
[root@wyzc /]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@wyzc /]# yum install \`cat /root/rpm.txt\`   # --skip-broken
[root@wyzc /]# ls /lib/ld-linux*
/lib/ld-linux.so.2
[root@wyzc /]# rpm -qf /lib/ld-linux.so.2
glibc-2.12-1.107.el6.i686

具体安装oracle过程中，可能会提示系统版本信息不通过，这是因为Oracle 10g只能安装在Linux 4以前的版本，
我们只需要把操作系统版本信息更改一下，把/etc/redhat-release里面的版本信息改下，改成4就好了。
比如：Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 6.4 # 把 6.4 改成 4.4 即可

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[root@wyzc ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024(9000) 65500 # 这里把9000 改为 1024
[root@wyzc /]# sysctl -p #执行一下sysctl，让修改的参数生效

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[root@wyzc ~]# /u01/oracle/10g/root.sh #执行后，会生成文件/etc/oralnst.loc
[root@wyzc ~]# /u01/oracle/10g/root.sh
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/oracle/10g

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...


Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
\# 执行完，会生成文件/etc/oratab和/etc/oracle-release

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[root@wyzc ~]# ls /etc/oratab
/etc/oratab
[root@wyzc ~]# ls /etc/oracle-release
/etc/oracle-release

3. 升级oracle10g 10.2.0.1 -> 10.2.0.5

\# 虚拟机挂载10.2.0.5.iso镜像
[root@wyzc Desktop]# umount /dev/cdrom
[root@wyzc Desktop]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[oracle@wyzc ~]$ unzip /mnt/p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip
[oracle@wyzc ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@wyzc ~]$ cd Disk1/

[root@wyzc ~]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

[oracle@wyzc Disk1]$ ./runInstaller

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[root@wyzc ~]# /u01/oracle/10g/root.sh

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4.设置环境变量

[root@wyzc Desktop]# echo $PATH
/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/root/bin

[oracle@wyzc ~]$ vi .10g 
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/10g
export ORACLE_SID=wyzc10g
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/root/bin
[oracle@wyzc ~]$ . .10g 
[oracle@wyzc ~]$ which netca
/u01/oracle/10g/bin/netca
[oracle@wyzc ~]$ which dbca
/u01/oracle/10g/bin/dbca
[oracle@wyzc ~]$ which sqlplus
/u01/oracle/10g/bin/sqlplus
[oracle@wyzc ~]$ netca

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[oracle@wyzc ~]$ netmgr

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[oracle@wyzc ~]$ lsnrctl stop #停止监听
[oracle@wyzc ~]$ lsnrctl start #启动监听

5.建库

[oracle@wyzc ~]$ dbca # 建库

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提示上面错误，是因为没有打em补丁，暂时这里忽略。

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[oracle@wyzc ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Mon Feb 5 06:19:32 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining Scoring Engine
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select name from v$database;

NAME
---------
WYZC10G

SQL>

常见问题：
http://wyzc:5560/isqlplus 打不开：
1.用命令：netstat -an 查看端口5560是否打开
2.用isqlplusctl start 启动，然后即可打开http://wyzc:5560/isqlplus

6. 打em补丁

二. 安装oracle11g

1.安装 grid

\# 虚拟机挂载oracle11g 11.2.0.3.iso
[root@wyzc ~]# umount /dev/cdrom
[root@wyzc ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@wyzc ~]# cp /mnt/p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip /root
[root@wyzc /]# chmod 777 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
[root@wyzc /]# xhost +

[root@wyzc /]# mkdir /u01/grid/11g
[root@wyzc /]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/grid/11g
[root@wyzc /]# chmod 755 /u01/grid/11g

[oracle@wyzc ~]$ unzip /p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip 
[oracle@wyzc ~]$ cd grid
[oracle@wyzc ~]$ ./runIn...