在深入理解函数式编程之monad中,我们详细讲述了monad模式,以及monad模式和functor模式之间的区别。
这次,我们来使用monad到常规的设计模式中。
我们选取Visitor模式来作为第一个monad的应用。
Visitor模式在Visitor模式示例有一个典型的例子,其类图如下所示:
在这个模式中,
Commander
、
Sergeat
和
Soldier
类基本上是不能再扩展的了。可以扩展的是
UnitVisitor
的子类。
从这个类图中,我们也可以看到,要实现一个示例的
Visitor
模式,需要8个类,并且有大量的样板代码:
public class CommanderVisitor implements UnitVisitor {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommanderVisitor.class);
@Override
public void visitSoldier(Soldier soldier) {
}
@Override
public void visitSergeant(Sergeant sergeant) {
}
@Override
public void visitCommander(Commander commander) {
LOGGER.info("Good to see you {}", commander);
}
}
上面的代码中,visitSoldier
和visitSergeant
方法就是典型的样板代码。
现在,我们使用monad来实现Visitor模式,又会是什么样子呢?
首先是Soldier
类:
public class Soldier {
@Override
public String toString() {
return "soldier";
}
}
其次是Sergeat
类:
public class Sergeant {
private List soldiers = new ArrayList<>();
public void addSoldier(Soldier soldier)
{
this.soldiers.add(soldier);
}
public List getSoldiers() {
return Collections.unmodifiableList(soldiers);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "sergeant";
}
}
然后是Commander
类:
public class Commander {
private List sergeants = new ArrayList<>();
public void addSergeant(Sergeant sergeant)
{
this.sergeants.add(sergeant);
}
public List getSergeants() {
return Collections.unmodifiableList(sergeants);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "commander";
}
}
最后是monad类:
public class VistorMonad {
private List ts;
public VistorMonad(List ts) {
this.ts = ts;
}
public VistorMonad flatMap(Function super T, List> mapper) {
return new VistorMonad(this.ts.stream().flatMap(t -> mapper.apply(t).stream()).collect(Collectors.toList()));
}
}
可以看到,在monad
类的flatMap
方法中,我们明细有代码做了拆箱功能:
this.ts.stream().flatMap(t -> mapper.apply(t).stream())
在functor
中是不会有这样的拆箱工作的,因为functor
里面的包装是一层包装,而monad
里面的包装是多层包装,这是他们之间的最大区别。
最后,我们来使用这个模式.
先是初始化数据:
Sergeant sergeant1 = new Sergeant();
sergeant1.addSoldier(new Soldier());
sergeant1.addSoldier(new Soldier());
sergeant1.addSoldier(new Soldier());
Sergeant sergeant2 = new Sergeant();
sergeant2.addSoldier(new Soldier());
sergeant2.addSoldier(new Soldier());
sergeant2.addSoldier(new Soldier());
Commander commander = new Commander();
commander.addSergeant(sergeant1);
commander.addSergeant(sergeant2);
List commanders = new ArrayList<>();
commanders.add(commander);
最后就可以使用Visitor模式了:
new VistorMonad(commanders).flatMap(c -> {
LOGGER.info("Good to see you {}", commander);
return commander.getSergeants();
}).flatMap(s -> {
LOGGER.info("Hello {}", s);
return s.getSoldiers();
})
.flatMap(soldier -> {
LOGGER.info("Greetings {}", soldier);
return new ArrayList<>();
});
是不是很简单,省了三个Visitor类。
除了代码简单了很多以外,还可以对Soldier
、Sergeant
和Commander
类进行灵活扩展。
比如,我们需要增加一个General
类,就很容易了:
public class General {
private List commanders = new ArrayList<>();
public void addCommander(Commander commander)
{
this.commanders.add(commander);
}
public List getCommanders() {
return Collections.unmodifiableList(commanders);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "general";
}
}
我们再对这四个类做Visitor模式的测试!
首先,还是初始化数据:
Sergeant sergeant1 = new Sergeant();
sergeant1.addSoldier(new Soldier());
sergeant1.addSoldier(new Soldier());
sergeant1.addSoldier(new Soldier());
Sergeant sergeant2 = new Sergeant();
sergeant2.addSoldier(new Soldier());
sergeant2.addSoldier(new Soldier());
sergeant2.addSoldier(new Soldier());
Commander commander = new Commander();
commander.addSergeant(sergeant1);
commander.addSergeant(sergeant2);
General general = new General();
general.addCommander(commander);
List generals = new ArrayList<>();
generals.add(general);
测试:
new VistorMonad(generals).flatMap(g -> {
LOGGER.info("Hi {}", g);
return g.getCommanders();
})
.flatMap(c -> {
LOGGER.info("Good to see you {}", c);
return c.getSergeants();
})
.flatMap(s -> {
LOGGER.info("Hello {}", s);
return s.getSoldiers();
})
.flatMap(soldier -> {
LOGGER.info("Greetings {}", soldier);
return new ArrayList<>();
});
看看,是不是扩展很简单?
参考文献:Visitor模式参考文献