美国日本关系如此亲密 美国为什么用核武器轰炸日本?

Why The U.S. Dropped A Nuclear Bomb On Japan

美国为什么用核武器轰炸日本?

1945年8月,美国在日本投下两颗原子弹,135000人遇难,大部分是平民。

原子弹爆炸的破坏力和核辐射给幸存者和他们的孩子带来了致命的健康问题,以及摧毁了平民社区。

美国对日本使用核武器,这到底是为什么呢?

在轰炸日本的前几年,第二次世界大战全面展开。

一边是同盟国,包括美国、英国、以及大多数欧洲国家。

另外一边是轴心国,由德国、意大利和日本组成。

美国和日本直接对抗的导火索发生在1941年12月7日。

日本已经将其舰队开进太平洋中部和西南部,包括美国在菲律宾的势力范围。

日本想通过轰炸美国在太平洋珍珠港的舰队来消除美国的武力威胁。

突袭珍珠港并没有摧毁美国海军,但它导致美国立即正式对日本宣战。

很快到了1945年,意大利已经投降,盟军入侵德国首都。

4月30日,阿道夫希特勒自杀。紧接着5月份,德国宣布投降。

然而日本拒绝投降,还继续激烈反抗。

所有盟国都在思考如何结束战争,以及阻止更多伤亡。

第一个计划是“没落行动”,该计划是全面入侵日本本土。

However, Japan’s unique geography meant that there was really only one, predictable invasion entry point.

然而,日本独特的地理环境意味着只有一个可入侵的入口:九州。

A preliminary study determined that as many as 280000 people would die in the invasion.

一项初步研究确定,超过280000人将死于这次侵略。

In July, the allies called for Japan to surrender, promising to bring "prompt and utter destruction" if they refused.

7月,同盟国要求日本投降,并指出如果拒绝的话将会遭受迅速而彻底的打击。

Japan ignored their request.

日本无视了他们的要求。

Seemingly left with no better options, the decision was made by the US and the UK drop the secret atomic bomb on one of japan's industrial and military strongholds, Hiroshima.

似乎没有更好的选择,美国和英国秘密决定把原子弹投放到日本工业和军事的重镇之一,广岛。

It was also noted by US officials that the bomb would be a significant display of power in post-war relations with the Soviet Union.

美国官方还指出,在战后与苏联的关系中,原子弹是一个展示实力的重要机会。

On august 6th, 1945, a bomber plane dropped the 15 kiloton bomb, killing 30% of Hiroshima's population, almost instantly.

1945年8月6日,一架轰炸机投下相当于1万5千吨TNT当量的炸药,广岛30%的人口几乎立即死亡。

In the following days, the Allies again called for Japan's surrender, warning of further destruction if they refused.

后来几天,盟军再次呼吁日本投降,警告他们如果他们拒绝的话会有进一步的打击措施。

Japan did not respond

日本没有回应。

But by early morning Moscow Time, on August 9th, the Soviet Union surprised Japan by declaring war, and invading a Japanese held-city.

但到了莫斯科凌晨时间8月9日,苏联突然向日本宣战,并入侵日本占领的一个城市。

This shook Japanese officials, who did not expect the Soviets to violate their neutrality agreement.

这一行动震惊了日本官方,他们没有想到苏联会违反中立协议。

It also removed a huge assurance for Japan that the allies would not be able to easily invade them by land.

日本失去了强有力的保障,盟国军队无法轻易通过陆路进攻入侵他们。

Several hours later, the US dropped another atomic bomb, this time in Nagasaki, killing as many as 75000 people.

几小时后,美国又投下一颗原子弹,这次在长崎,造成多达75000人死亡。

After six days of deliberations, Japan officially announced their unconditional surrender to August 15th, finally ending World War Two.

经过6天的商议,1945年8月15日,日本正式宣布无条件投降到,第二次世界大战终于结束。

Today, the lasting effects of the bombings can still be seen throughout the two cities.

如今,在这两个城市, 核爆带来的持久影响仍然随处可见。

Despite repairing the physical damage and rebuilding the relationship between the US and Japan, the events continue to weigh heavily in both countries histories.

尽管修复了物理损害,日本和美国之间也重建了关系。但是原子弹事件仍然给两国关系带来深远影响。

Over the past 70 years, the moral excuse for dropping nuclear weapons has been widely challenged and debated.

过去70年,放弃核武器的道德观念受到广泛的质疑和争论。

To find out how the US and Japan managed overcome their past and become the close allies they are today, check out this video.

想要了解美国和日本如何忘记过去,成为如今的亲密盟友,来看这个视频吧。

From 1945 to Japan’s independence in 1952 the United States occupied and rebuilt the country with a heavy emphasis on growth and stability.

从1945年到1952年美国结束对日本的占领,然后两国重建发展和稳定的关系。


英文原版视频链接:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIc3Hw6Nm0c&t=116s

中文字幕视频链接:http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjQ5MTA2MDM5Ng==.html

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