结合官方的例子和MachOView对源码进行理解
static int (*orig_close)(int);
static int (*orig_open)(const char *, int, ...);
int my_close(int fd) {
printf("Calling real close(%d)\n", fd);
return orig_close(fd);
}
int my_open(const char *path, int oflag, ...) {
va_list ap = {0};
mode_t mode = 0;
if ((oflag & O_CREAT) != 0) {
// mode only applies to O_CREAT
va_start(ap, oflag);
mode = va_arg(ap, int);
va_end(ap);
printf("Calling real open('%s', %d, %d)\n", path, oflag, mode);
return orig_open(path, oflag, mode);
} else {
printf("Calling real open('%s', %d)\n", path, oflag);
return orig_open(path, oflag, mode);
}
}
struct rebinding reb[2];
reb[0].name = "close";
reb[0].replacement = my_close;
reb[0].replaced = (void **)&orig_close;
reb[1].name = "open";
reb[1].replacement = my_open;
reb[1].replaced = (void **)&orig_open;
rebind_symbols(reb, 2);
官方的例子是对标准库中open和close中进行hook的，两个结构体，my_close和my_close分别是新写的两个函数。
进入rebind_symbols
int rebind_symbols(struct rebinding rebindings[], size_t rebindings_nel) {
int retval = prepend_rebindings(&_rebindings_head, rebindings, rebindings_nel);
if (retval < 0) {
return retval;
}
// If this was the first call, register callback for image additions (which is also invoked for
// existing images, otherwise, just run on existing images
if (!_rebindings_head->next) {
_dyld_register_func_for_add_image(_rebind_symbols_for_image);
} else {
uint32_t c = _dyld_image_count();
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < c; i++) {
_rebind_symbols_for_image(_dyld_get_image_header(i), _dyld_get_image_vmaddr_slide(i));
}
}
return retval;
}
再进入prepend_rebindings函数
struct rebindings_entry {
struct rebinding *rebindings;
size_t rebindings_nel;
struct rebindings_entry *next;
};
static int prepend_rebindings(struct rebindings_entry **rebindings_head,
struct rebinding rebindings[],
size_t nel) {
struct rebindings_entry *new_entry = (struct rebindings_entry *) malloc(sizeof(struct rebindings_entry));
if (!new_entry) {
return -1;
}
new_entry->rebindings = (struct rebinding *) malloc(sizeof(struct rebinding) * nel);
if (!new_entry->rebindings) {
free(new_entry);
return -1;
}
memcpy(new_entry->rebindings, rebindings, sizeof(struct rebinding) * nel);
new_entry->rebindings_nel = nel;
new_entry->next = *rebindings_head;
*rebindings_head = new_entry;
return 0;
}
就是fishhook会维护一个链表，所有新添加的hook函数会添加到链表头部，如果你hook了同一个函数多次，那么后添加的就会先执行到。
if (!_rebindings_head->next) {
_dyld_register_func_for_add_image(_rebind_symbols_for_image);
}
_dyld_register_func_for_add_image 注册回调，当访问动态链接库函数的时候，链接器会链接这个库，在链接库的时候，会触发回调函数，再回调函数中，会对需要hook的函数进行替换，具体看源码：
static void rebind_symbols_for_image(struct rebindings_entry *rebindings,
const struct mach_header *header,
intptr_t slide) {
Dl_info info;
if (dladdr(header, &info) == 0) {
return;
}
segment_command_t *cur_seg_cmd;
segment_command_t *linkedit_segment = NULL;
struct symtab_command* symtab_cmd = NULL;
struct dysymtab_command* dysymtab_cmd = NULL;
uintptr_t cur = (uintptr_t)header + sizeof(mach_header_t);
for (uint i = 0; i < header->ncmds; i++, cur += cur_seg_cmd->cmdsize) {
cur_seg_cmd = (segment_command_t *)cur;
if (cur_seg_cmd->cmd == LC_SEGMENT_ARCH_DEPENDENT) {
if (strcmp(cur_seg_cmd->segname, SEG_LINKEDIT) == 0) {
linkedit_segment = cur_seg_cmd;
}
} else if (cur_seg_cmd->cmd == LC_SYMTAB) {
symtab_cmd = (struct symtab_command*)cur_seg_cmd;
} else if (cur_seg_cmd->cmd == LC_DYSYMTAB) {
dysymtab_cmd = (struct dysymtab_command*)cur_seg_cmd;
}
}
if (!symtab_cmd || !dysymtab_cmd || !linkedit_segment ||
!dysymtab_cmd->nindirectsyms) {
return;
}
// Find base symbol/string table addresses
uintptr_t linkedit_base = (uintptr_t)slide + linkedit_segment->vmaddr - linkedit_segment->fileoff;
nlist_t *symtab = (nlist_t *)(linkedit_base + symtab_cmd->symoff);
char *strtab = (char *)(linkedit_base + symtab_cmd->stroff);
// Get indirect symbol table (array of uint32_t indices into symbol table)
uint32_t *indirect_symtab = (uint32_t *)(linkedit_base + dysymtab_cmd->indirectsymoff);
cur = (uintptr_t)header + sizeof(mach_header_t);
for (uint i = 0; i < header->ncmds; i++, cur += cur_seg_cmd->cmdsize) {
cur_seg_cmd = (segment_command_t *)cur;
if (cur_seg_cmd->cmd == LC_SEGMENT_ARCH_DEPENDENT) {
if (strcmp(cur_seg_cmd->segname, SEG_DATA) != 0 &&
strcmp(cur_seg_cmd->segname, SEG_DATA_CONST) != 0) {
continue;
}
for (uint j = 0; j < cur_seg_cmd->nsects; j++) {
section_t *sect =
(section_t *)(cur + sizeof(segment_command_t)) + j;
if ((sect->flags & SECTION_TYPE) == S_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS) {
perform_rebinding_with_section(rebindings, sect, slide, symtab, strtab, indirect_symtab);
}
if ((sect->flags & SECTION_TYPE) == S_NON_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS) {
perform_rebinding_with_section(rebindings, sect, slide, symtab, strtab, indirect_symtab);
}
}
}
}
}
接下来会通过三部分对该代码进行分析：
1、dladdr(header, &info) == 0 会对头进行检测是否合法，这里的头mach-o文件的header部分，先来看下用MachOView查看的可执行文件：
Mach-O
分为三部分：
头部（header structure）
加载命令（load command）
段（segment）
这里的检测就是对header。
2、获取LC结构体的地址
segment_command_t *cur_seg_cmd;
segment_command_t *linkedit_segment = NULL;
struct symtab_command* symtab_cmd = NULL;
struct dysymtab_command* dysymtab_cmd = NULL;
uintptr_t cur = (uintptr_t)header + sizeof(mach_header_t);
for (uint i = 0; i < header->ncmds; i++, cur += cur_seg_cmd->cmdsize) {
cur_seg_cmd = (segment_command_t *)cur;
if (cur_seg_cmd->cmd == LC_SEGMENT_ARCH_DEPENDENT) {
if (strcmp(cur_seg_cmd->segname, SEG_LINKEDIT) == 0) {
linkedit_segment = cur_seg_cmd;
}
} else if (cur_seg_cmd->cmd == LC_SYMTAB) {
symtab_cmd = (struct symtab_command*)cur_seg_cmd;
} else if (cur_seg_cmd->cmd == LC_DYSYMTAB) {
dysymtab_cmd = (struct dysymtab_command*)cur_seg_cmd;
}
}
这里通过for循环获取Load Commands中的
LC_SEGMENT_64(_LINKEDIT)
LC_SYMTAB
LC_DYSYMTAB
三个结构体在虚拟内存中的地址。
LC_SEGMENT_64(_LINKEDIT) 包含给动态链接器的原始数据的段，包括符号和字符串表，压缩动态链接信息，以及动态符号表等。
LC_SYMTAB 符号表。
LC_DYSYMTAB 表示动态符号表。
在xcode中进行断点调试和MachOView中的结果进行比较：
LC_SEGMENT_64(_LINKEDIT)地址：
linkedit_segment指针
LC_SEGMENT_64(_LINKEDIT)
LC_SYMTAB 符号表地址：
symtab_cmd
LC_SYMTAB
LC_DYSYMTAB 动态符号表地址：
dysymtab_cmd
LC_DYSYMTAB
3、得到延迟加载和非延迟加载的Section
uintptr_t linkedit_base = (uintptr_t)slide + linkedit_segment->vmaddr - linkedit_segment->fileoff;
nlist_t *symtab = (nlist_t *)(linkedit_base + symtab_cmd->symoff);
char *strtab = (char *)(linkedit_base + symtab_cmd->stroff);
// Get indirect symbol table (array of uint32_t indices into symbol table)
uint32_t *indirect_symtab = (uint32_t *)(linkedit_base + dysymtab_cmd->indirectsymoff);
cur = (uintptr_t)header + sizeof(mach_header_t);
for (uint i = 0; i < header->ncmds; i++, cur += cur_seg_cmd->cmdsize) {
cur_seg_cmd = (segment_command_t *)cur;
if (cur_seg_cmd->cmd == LC_SEGMENT_ARCH_DEPENDENT) {
if (strcmp(cur_seg_cmd->segname, SEG_DATA) != 0 &&
strcmp(cur_seg_cmd->segname, SEG_DATA_CONST) != 0) {
continue;
}
for (uint j = 0; j < cur_seg_cmd->nsects; j++) {
section_t *sect =
(section_t *)(cur + sizeof(segment_command_t)) + j;
if ((sect->flags & SECTION_TYPE) == S_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS) {
perform_rebinding_with_section(rebindings, sect, slide, symtab, strtab, indirect_symtab);
}
if ((sect->flags & SECTION_TYPE) == S_NON_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS) {
perform_rebinding_with_section(rebindings, sect, slide, symtab, strtab, indirect_symtab);
}
}
}
}
symtab 符号表地址，作用是为了寻找函数名称的字符
indirect_symtab 动态符号表地址，作用是为了寻找在函数在字符表中的地址。
strtab 字符标地址，也就是函数名城地址，作用在hook的时候会对字符进行比较。
通过for循环，可以拿到延迟加载和非延迟加载的Section，通过Section中的偏移量，可以找到在indirect_symtab中的地址。
非延迟加载的section
WeChat_1504596261.jpeg
得着Section后，调用perform_rebinding_with_section。
源码如下：
static void perform_rebinding_with_section(struct rebindings_entry *rebindings,
section_t *section,
intptr_t slide,
nlist_t *symtab,
char *strtab,
uint32_t *indirect_symtab) {
uint32_t *indirect_symbol_indices = indirect_symtab + section->reserved1;
void **indirect_symbol_bindings = (void **)((uintptr_t)slide + section->addr);
for (uint i = 0; i < section->size / sizeof(void *); i++) {
uint32_t symtab_index = indirect_symbol_indices[i];
if (symtab_index == INDIRECT_SYMBOL_ABS || symtab_index == INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL ||
symtab_index == (INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL | INDIRECT_SYMBOL_ABS)) {
continue;
}
uint32_t strtab_offset = symtab[symtab_index].n_un.n_strx;
char *symbol_name = strtab + strtab_offset;
if (strnlen(symbol_name, 2) < 2) {
continue;
}
struct rebindings_entry *cur = rebindings;
while (cur) {
for (uint j = 0; j < cur->rebindings_nel; j++) {
if (strcmp(&symbol_name[1], cur->rebindings[j].name) == 0) {
if (cur->rebindings[j].replaced != NULL &&
indirect_symbol_bindings[i] != cur->rebindings[j].replacement) {
*(cur->rebindings[j].replaced) = indirect_symbol_bindings[i];
}
indirect_symbol_bindings[i] = cur->rebindings[j].replacement;
goto symbol_loop;
}
}
cur = cur->next;
}
symbol_loop:;
}
}
uint32_t *indirect_symbol_indices = indirect_symtab + section->reserved1; 通过Section偏移量得到在动态符号表中的地址。
uint32_t symtab_index = indirect_symbol_indices[i]; 得到在符号表中的偏移量。
uint32_t strtab_offset = symtab[symtab_index].n_un.n_strx;得到函数符号在字符表中的偏移量，从而得到函数字符symbol_name，通过while循环和链表中的每个节点进行函数名称的比较。
while (cur) {
for (uint j = 0; j < cur->rebindings_nel; j++) {
if (strcmp(&symbol_name[1], cur->rebindings[j].name) == 0) {
if (cur->rebindings[j].replaced != NULL &&
indirect_symbol_bindings[i] != cur->rebindings[j].replacement) {
*(cur->rebindings[j].replaced) = indirect_symbol_bindings[i];
}
indirect_symbol_bindings[i] = cur->rebindings[j].replacement;
goto symbol_loop;
}
}
cur = cur->next;
}
如果相同的话，会在具体的函数地址indirect_symbol_bindings中进行替换。indirect_symbol_bindings[i] = cur->rebindings[j].replacement;
*(cur->rebindings[j].replaced) = indirect_symbol_bindings[i];将原来的函数保存。
到此，hook动作就完成了。
结论：
初始化时
myclose的函数地址：
Printing description of reb[0].replacement:
(void *) replacement = 0x00000001000019b0
myopen的函数地址：
Printing description of reb[1].replacement:
(void *) replacement = 0x00000001000019f0
当替换完成后查看虚拟内存地址：
已经hook完成