接上一篇oracle dataguard概念篇，现在进行下详细的配置，此次配置的是单实例到单实例，也就是说主库和备库都是基于文件系统的单实例。
主机环境：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3
Rdbms版本：11.2.0.3
其他详细信息如下所示：
需要注意的是，两边的/etc/hosts文件保证都包含对方的ip对应关系
oracle安装的目录是相同的
编辑/etc/hosts，分别添加以下内容
192.168.1.241 db1
192.168.1.242 dg
主库数据文件位置/oradata/beijing/map 归档位置 /oradata/beijing/arch
备库数据文件位置/oradata/shanghai/map 归档位置 /oradata/shanghai/arch
本次配置的是11G 的active data guard，主要分为两大部分：主库操作和备库操作，为了避免操作出现混乱，现列出以下几个步骤：
主库操作
1.打开Forced Logging
2.配置主库参数文件
3.打开主库归档
4.创建主库备份用来作为备库恢复
5.创建standby数据库的控制文件
6.创建配置备库参数文件
7.拷贝所需文件到备库
备库操作
1.设置备库环境变量
1.1密码文件拷贝
1.2监听配置
1.3创建网络服务名
2.创建所需的目录
3.参数文件配置
4.恢复备库
4.1恢复参数文件
4.2恢复控制文件
4.3恢复数据库
5.创建standby redo
5.1主库创建
5.2备库创建
6.网络服务名测试
6.1主库测试
6.2备库测试
7.开启实时应用
8.测试
9.启动关闭data guard
主库操作
1.打开Forced Logging
[oracle@db1 ~]$ mkdir /home/oracle/standby [oracle@db1 ~]$ mkdir /oradata/beijing/arch [oracle@db1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Oct 14 14:19:10 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> alter database force logging ; Database altered.
这个语句可能会执行较长时间，需要等待所有未写到日志中的日志操作完成。
2.配置主库参数文件
log_archive_dest_n参数的配置参数详解看下面的连接
log_archive_dest_n详解
SQL> create pfile='/tmp/a.txt' from spfile ; File created. [oracle@db1 ~]$ cat /tmp/a.txt *.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/admin/map/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='11.2.0.0.0' *.control_files='/oradata/beijing/map/control01.ctl','/oradata/beijing/map/control02.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='map' *.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app/oracle' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=mapXDB)' *.memory_target=629145600 *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' *.db_unique_name=beijing *.log_archive_config='dg_config=(beijing,shanghai)' *.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/beijing/arch valid_for=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=beijing' *.log_archive_dest_2='service=shanghai LGWR AFFIRM ASYNC valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=shanghai' *.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable *.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable *.remote_login_passwordfile=EXCLUSIVE *.log_archive_format=%t_%s_%r.arc *.log_archive_max_processes=30 *.fal_server=shanghai *.standby_file_management=auto *.db_file_name_convert='/oradata/shanghai/map','/oradata/beijing/map' *.log_file_name_convert='/oradata/shanghai/map','/oradata/beijing/map'
保存退出
要注意的是对于db_file_name_convert和log_file_name_convert参数配置需要注意的是，如果两台服务器db1和db2组成dg环境，db1是主库，db2是备库，应该在db1服务器的参数文件中配置从db2服务器转换为db1服务器的目录，在db2服务器中配置从服务器db1转换到服务器db2的目录。切记
3.打开主库归档
SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> create spfile from pfile='/tmp/a.txt' ; File created. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes Fixed Size 2230952 bytes Variable Size 373294424 bytes Database Buffers 243269632 bytes Redo Buffers 7532544 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database archivelog; Database altered. SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL>
4.创建主库备份用来作为备库恢复
[oracle@db1 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Oct 14 16:06:48 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: MAP (DBID=1528459940)
RMAN> run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
backup filesperset 2 database format '/home/oracle/standby/full_%d_%T_%s_%p';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/standby/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p';
}2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9>
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=32 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=157 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 14-OCT-15
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/beijing/map/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oradata/beijing/map/users01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oradata/beijing/map/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oradata/beijing/map/undotbs01.dbf
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/standby/full_MAP_20151014_2_1 tag=TAG20151014T160708 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/standby/full_MAP_20151014_1_1 tag=TAG20151014T160708 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:30
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/standby/full_MAP_20151014_3_1 tag=TAG20151014T160708 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/standby/full_MAP_20151014_4_1 tag=TAG20151014T160708 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 14-OCT-15
sql statement: alter system archive log current
sql statement: alter system archive log current
sql statement: alter system archive log current
Starting backup at 14-OCT-15
current log archived
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=1 STAMP=893088283
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
channel c2: starting archived log backup set
channel c2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=2 STAMP=893088284
input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=3 STAMP=893088459
input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=4 STAMP=893088459
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/standby/arch_MAP_20151014_5_1 tag=TAG20151014T160742 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=5 STAMP=893088462
input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=6 STAMP=893088462
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/standby/arch_MAP_20151014_6_1 tag=TAG20151014T160742 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 14-OCT-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/standby/arch_MAP_20151014_7_1 tag=TAG20151014T160742 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 14-OCT-15
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
RMAN>
5.创建standby数据库的控制文件
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/home/oracle/standby/standby.ctl'; Database altered. SQL>
6.创建配置备库参数文件
SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/standby.txt' from spfile ; File created. SQL>
7.拷贝所需文件到备库
[oracle@db1 ~]$ scp -r /home/oracle/standby/ dg:/home/oracle oracle@dg's password: a.txt 100% 1136 1.1KB/s 00:00 arch_MAP_20151014_6_1 100% 139KB 138.5KB/s 00:00 full_MAP_20151014_4_1 100% 96KB 96.0KB/s 00:00 full_MAP_20151014_2_1 100% 374MB 74.9MB/s 00:05 standby.ctl 100% 9520KB 9.3MB/s 00:00 arch_MAP_20151014_7_1 100% 4608 4.5KB/s 00:00 full_MAP_20151014_1_1 100% 597MB 39.8MB/s 00:15 full_MAP_20151014_3_1 100% 9568KB 9.3MB/s 00:00 arch_MAP_20151014_5_1 100% 161KB 161.0KB/s 00:00 [oracle@db1 ~]$
备库操作
1.设置备库环境
1.1密码文件拷贝
[oracle@dg ~]$ scp db1:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/dbs/orapwmap /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/dbs/orapwmap oracle@db1's password: orapwmap 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00 [oracle@dg ~]$
1.2监听配置
可以使用netca进行配置，或者使用nemgr
[oracle@dg ~]$ lsnrctl stop [oracle@dg ~]$ lsnrctl start
1.3创建网络服务名
要是rac或者grid管理的，配置是修改grid用户下的grid_home/network/admin/listener.ora文件，该文件中指定的oracle_home是oracle用户的，而不是grid用户的oracle_home.
rac环境使用工具配置只需在一个节点操作，会自动同步到其他节点
可以使用配置工具netmgr配置，此次直接复制以下文件到指定位置
[oracle@dg ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/diag [oracle@dg admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora SHANGHAI = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.242)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = shanghai) ) ) BEIJING = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.241)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = beijing) ) )
拷贝相同的文件内容到主库的tnsnames.ora中
2.创建所需的目录
[root@dg ~]# mkdir /oradata [root@dg ~]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /oradata/ [root@dg ~]# su - oracle [oracle@dg ~]$ mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump [oracle@dg ~]$ mkdir -p /oradata/shanghai/arch [oracle@dg ~]$ mkdir -p /oradata/shanghai/map
3.参数文件配置
[oracle@dg ~]$ vi /home/oracle/standby/a.txt *.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/admin/map/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='11.2.0.0.0' *.control_files='/oradata/shanghai/map/control01.ctl','/oradata/shanghai/map/control02.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='map' *.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app/oracle' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=mapXDB)' *.memory_target=629145600 *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' *.db_unique_name=shanghai *.log_archive_config='dg_config=(beijing,shanghai)' *.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/shanghai/arch valid_for=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=shanghai' *.log_archive_dest_2='service=beijing LGWR AFFIRM ASYNC valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=beijing' *.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable *.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable *.remote_login_passwordfile=EXCLUSIVE *.log_archive_format=%t_%s_%r.arc *.log_archive_max_processes=30 *.fal_server=beijing *.standby_file_management=auto *.db_file_name_convert='/oradata/beijing/map','/oradata/shanghai/map' *.log_file_name_convert='/oradata/beijing/map','/oradata/shanghai/map'
保存退出。
4.恢复备库
4.1恢复参数文件
[oracle@dg ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Oct 14 16:40:52 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/standby/a.txt' ; File created. SQL> startup nomount ; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes Fixed Size 2230952 bytes Variable Size 373294424 bytes Database Buffers 243269632 bytes Redo Buffers 7532544 bytes SQL>
4.2恢复控制文件
[oracle@dg ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Oct 14 16:43:09 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: MAP (not mounted) RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/home/oracle/standby/standby.ctl'; Starting restore at 14-OCT-15 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: copied control file copy output file name=/oradata/shanghai/map/control01.ctl output file name=/oradata/shanghai/map/control02.ctl Finished restore at 14-OCT-15 RMAN> SQL> alter database mount standby database ; Database altered. SQL> select controlfile_type from v$database ; CONTROL ------- STANDBY
4.3恢复数据库
由于此次是恢复到指定的目录，而不是和主库相同的目录，所以不是简单的restore
SQL> select 'set newname for datafile ''' || name ||
''' to ''/oradata/shanghai/gqxt/' ||
substr(name, instr(name, '/', -1) + 1) || ''';'
from v$datafile order by file#; 2 3 4
'SETNEWNAMEFORDATAFILE'''||NAME||'''TO''/ORADATA/SHANGHAI/GQXT/'||SUBSTR(NAME,IN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set newname for datafile '/oradata/shanghai/map/system01.dbf' to '/oradata/shang
hai/gqxt/system01.dbf';
set newname for datafile '/oradata/shanghai/map/sysaux01.dbf' to '/oradata/shang
hai/gqxt/sysaux01.dbf';
set newname for datafile '/oradata/shanghai/map/undotbs01.dbf' to '/oradata/shan
ghai/gqxt/undotbs01.dbf';
set newname for datafile '/oradata/shanghai/map/users01.dbf' to '/oradata/shangh
ai/gqxt/users01.dbf';
SQL>
RMAN> run {
set newname for datafile '/oradata/beijing/map/system01.dbf' to '/oradata/shanghai/map/system01.dbf';
set newname for datafile '/oradata/beijing/map/sysaux01.dbf' to '/oradata/shanghai/map/sysaux01.dbf';
set newname for datafile '/oradata/beijing/map2> 3> 4> /undotbs01.dbf' to '/oradata/shanghai/map/undotbs01.dbf';
set newname for datafile '/oradata/beijing/map/users01.dbf' to '/oradata/shanghai/map/users01.dbf';
restore database;
switch datafile all;
}5> 6> 7> 8>
executing command: SET NEWNAME
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 14-OCT-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /oradata/shanghai/map/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /oradata/shanghai/map/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/standby/full_MAP_20151014_2_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/standby/full_MAP_20151014_2_1 tag=TAG20151014T160708
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /oradata/shanghai/map/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /oradata/shanghai/map/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/standby/full_MAP_20151014_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/standby/full_MAP_20151014_1_1 tag=TAG20151014T160708
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished restore at 14-OCT-15
RMAN> recover database ;
Starting recover at 14-OCT-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 9 is already on disk as file /oradata/shanghai/arch/1_9_893081127.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 10 is already on disk as file /oradata/shanghai/arch/1_10_893081127.arc
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=5
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=6
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/standby/arch_MAP_20151014_6_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/standby/arch_MAP_20151014_6_1 tag=TAG20151014T160742
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/oradata/shanghai/arch/1_5_893081127.arc thread=1 sequence=5
archived log file name=/oradata/shanghai/arch/1_6_893081127.arc thread=1 sequence=6
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=7
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=8
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/standby/arch_MAP_20151014_7_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/standby/arch_MAP_20151014_7_1 tag=TAG20151014T160742
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/oradata/shanghai/arch/1_7_893081127.arc thread=1 sequence=7
archived log file name=/oradata/shanghai/arch/1_8_893081127.arc thread=1 sequence=8
archived log file name=/oradata/shanghai/arch/1_9_893081127.arc thread=1 sequence=9
archived log file name=/oradata/shanghai/arch/1_10_893081127.arc thread=1 sequence=10
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=11
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 10/14/2015 16:51:16
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 11 and starting SCN of 1018211
RMAN>
5.创建standby redo
Oracle推荐在主库上配置standby redo日志，因为当主库转换为standby的时候，可以较少时间，能够在切换之后顺利的接收实时传送的日志，因此提前在主库配置standby redo日志还是较好的。
Oracle建议所有备库和主库创建的standby redo日志的大小和源库保持一致。
查询主库V$LOG查看袁库有几组redo日志组，查询V$THREAD视图看袁库有几个redo thread。
主库执行以下sql语句
SQL> select group#,bytes from v$log ;
备库执行以下sql语句
SQL> select group#,bytes from v$standby_log ;
备库的standby redo日志组至少要比源库多一组，执行以下语句进行添加
alter database add standby logfile ('/oracle/dbs/slog1.log) size 50M ;
如果源库是RAC，需要查看有几个thread，以下是在源库上创建的standby redo日志(有两个redo thread)
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 SIZE 50M;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 SIZE 50M;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 SIZE 50M;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2 SIZE 50M;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2 SIZE 50M;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2 SIZE 50M;
无论何时添加一个redo日志组到主库，也必须添加一个日志组到每个备库，否则，备库可能会变得不同步，如果是最大保护模式会导致主库被关闭。
注意：如果主库已经提前创建好了standby redo log file，备库会根据LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT参数转换后自动创建与之对应的standby redo log file日志组。因此此步骤可省略。
如有主库未创建standby redo logfile，则备库必须手工创建日志文件组
公式如下：
如果主库是单实例数据库：Standby Redo Log组数=主库日志组总数+1
如果主库是RAC数据库：StandbyRedo Log组数=(所有节点中日志组数最大值 + 1) * RAC节点数
5.1主库创建
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/oradata/beijing/map/standby01a.log','/oradata/beijing/map/standby01b.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/oradata/beijing/map/standby02a.log','/oradata/beijing/map/standby02b.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/oradata/beijing/map/standby03a.log','/oradata/beijing/map/standby03b.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/oradata/beijing/map/standby04a.log','/oradata/beijing/map/standby04b.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- --- ----------
4 0 0 YES UNASSIGNED
5 0 0 YES UNASSIGNED
6 0 0 YES UNASSIGNED
7 0 0 YES UNASSIGNED
5.2备库创建
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/oradata/shanghai/map/standby01a.log','/oradata/shanghai/map/standby01b.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/oradata/shanghai/map/standby02a.log','/oradata/shanghai/map/standby02b.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/oradata/shanghai/map/standby03a.log','/oradata/shanghai/map/standby03b.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/oradata/shanghai/map/standby04a.log','/oradata/shanghai/map/standby04b.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- --- ----------
4 0 0 YES UNASSIGNED
5 0 0 YES UNASSIGNED
6 0 0 YES UNASSIGNED
7 0 0 YES UNASSIGNED
6.网络服务名测试
6.1主库测试
[oracle@db1 ~]$ tnsping beijing TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2015 17:14:10 Copyright (c) 1997, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.241)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = beijing))) OK (0 msec) [oracle@db1 ~]$ tnsping shanghai TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2015 17:14:13 Copyright (c) 1997, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.242)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = shanghai))) OK (0 msec) [oracle@db1 ~]$
6.2备库测试
[oracle@dg ~]$ tnsping beijing TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2015 17:14:49 Copyright (c) 1997, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.241)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = beijing))) OK (0 msec) [oracle@dg ~]$ tnsping shanghai TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2015 17:14:52 Copyright (c) 1997, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.242)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = shanghai))) OK (0 msec) [oracle@dg ~]$
测试只是说明网络是通的，最好使用
sqlplus system/oracle@beijing
sqlplus system/oracle@beijing
7.开启实时应用
查看备库状态，以只读方式打开数据库
SQL> select status from v$Instance ; STATUS ------------ MOUNTED SQL> SQL> alter database open read only ; Database altered.
启动redo apply，在此过程中注意监控备库日志的变化
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session ; Database altered. [oracle@dg ~]$ cd /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/shanghai/map/trace/ [oracle@dg trace]$ tail -f alert_map.log Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 11 (in transit)
主库切归档，查看备库和alert中变化
SQL> alter system switch logfile ; System altered.
查看备库alert日志
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 11 (in transit) Wed Oct 14 17:29:44 2015 Archived Log entry 7 added for thread 1 sequence 11 rlc 893081127 ID 0x5b1ab6a4 dest 2: RFS[2]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 12 dbid 1528459940 branch 893081127 Wed Oct 14 17:29:44 2015 Media Recovery Log /oradata/shanghai/arch/1_11_893081127.arc Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 12 (in transit) Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 4 Seq 12 Reading mem 0 Mem# 0: /oradata/shanghai/map/standby01a.log Mem# 1: /oradata/shanghai/map/standby01b.log
主库查看当前归档日志信息
select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence# ;
备库查看是否和主库保持一致
select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence# ;
备库查看应用状态
SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence# ;
要是是yes或者in memory表示是正常的，表示日志被正常应用
8.测试
主库创建表
SQL> create table testdg (num int) ; Table created. SQL> insert into testdg values(1) ; 1 row created. SQL> commit ; Commit complete. SQL>
备库查看
SQL> select * from testdg ; NUM ---------- 1
主库创建表空间，添加数据文件
SQL> create tablespace testdg datafile '/oradata/beijing/map/testdg1.dbf' size 1m ; Tablespace created. SQL> select name from v$datafile ; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /oradata/beijing/map/system01.dbf /oradata/beijing/map/sysaux01.dbf /oradata/beijing/map/undotbs01.dbf /oradata/beijing/map/users01.dbf /oradata/beijing/map/testdg1.dbf SQL>
备库查看alert日志，查看是否创建
alert日志
Wed Oct 14 17:33:50 2015 Recovery created file /oradata/shanghai/map/testdg1.dbf Successfully added datafile 5 to media recovery Datafile #5: '/oradata/shanghai/map/testdg1.dbf'
SQL> select name from v$datafile ; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /oradata/shanghai/map/system01.dbf /oradata/shanghai/map/sysaux01.dbf /oradata/shanghai/map/undotbs01.dbf /oradata/shanghai/map/users01.dbf /oradata/shanghai/map/testdg1.dbf
9.启动关闭data guard
9.1dataguard正常关闭
首先停止redo日志的应用，执行以下sql停止
alter database recover managed standby database cancel ;
然后关闭主库，执行以下sql
shutdown immediate ;
最后关闭备库
shutdown immediate ;
9.2dataguard正常启动
启动standby数据库
startup mount ;
alter database open read only ;
启动主库
startup
开启备库的redo应用
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session ;
需要注意的是，默认的保护模式是最大性能模式(maximum performance)
备库查看
SQL> select database_role from v$database ; DATABASE_ROLE ---------------- PHYSICAL STANDBY
到这一步，ADG的创建就结束了，后续其他见下篇。。。