IOS定位核心与地图
IOS定位核心与地图
Core Location以及Map框架包通常能给我们的应用程序添加定位和地图相关的服务。Core Location框架包通常是使用硬件设备来进行定位服务的，Map框架包通常能够使你的应用程序做一些地图展示与交互的相关功能。地图的定位服务一般需要依赖设备的硬件组成部分。如果有定位的硬件设备，那么肯定是可以利用地图框架包来进行地图的一些相关的操作。
为了能够在项目中使用到位置服务以及地图展示的相关功能，你必须要导入Core Location 和Map这两个框架包。如果你不知道怎么做，那么请参照如下步骤。
1.点击你的项目工程图标文件。
2.然后选择target选项，如图1所示。
3.然后选择Build Phase模块栏。
4.然后点开Link Binary With Libraries栏目，在点击+号按钮。
图1 添加相关的框架包
5.添加MapKit.framework和CoreLocation.framework这两个库
6.在使用地图和定位的地方，导入：
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
MKMapView是UIView的子类，所以可以像一个普通的View一样添加到ViewController的View当中。
以下是相关的代码
ViewController.h
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#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
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#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
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#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
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#import "MyAnnotation.h"
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@interface ViewController : UIViewController <MKMapViewDelegate,CLLocationManagerDelegate>
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// MapView
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@property (nonatomic,strong) MKMapView *myMapView;// 地图控件
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// LocationManager
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@property (nonatomic,strong) CLLocationManager *myLocationManager;// 位置管理器
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@property (nonatomic,strong) CLGeocoder *myGeoCoder ;// 地理位置和真实地址转换
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@end
ViewController.m
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#import "ViewController.h"
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#import "MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h"
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@interface ViewController ()
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@end
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@implementation ViewController
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@synthesize myMapView;
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@synthesize myLocationManager;
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@synthesize myGeoCoder;
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- (void)viewDidLoad
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{
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[super viewDidLoad];
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// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
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// 设置根View的背景颜色
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self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0x33 / 255.0f green:0x66 / 255.0f blue:0x99 / 255.0f alpha:0xFF / 255.0f];
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// 初始化MapView并且设置MapView显示的边界
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self.myMapView = [[MKMapView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
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// self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeSatellite;
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// self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeHybrid;
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self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeStandard;
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self.myMapView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight;
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self.myMapView.delegate = self;
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CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.034122, 116.289574);
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MyAnnotation *annotation = [[MyAnnotation alloc]initWithCoordinate:coordinate title:@"我的位置" subTitle:@"这里就是寡人的位置，嘿嘿！"];
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annotation.pinColor = MKPinAnnotationColorPurple;
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[self.myMapView addAnnotation:annotation];
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[self.myMapView setShowsUserLocation:YES];
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[self.myMapView setCenterCoordinate:coordinate zoomLevel:15 animated:YES];
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[self.view addSubview:myMapView];
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-
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if([CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]){
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self.myLocationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];
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self.myLocationManager.delegate = self;
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// // 提示用户是否允许当前应用使用地理位置，已过时，在Info.plist中使用NSLocationUsageDescription键值替换
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// self.myLocationManager.purpose = @"提示用户是否允许当前应用使用位置，已过时";
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[self.myLocationManager startUpdatingLocation];
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}else{
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NSLog(@">>>>>>>>>> 位置服务不可用 <<<<<<<<<<<<");
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UIAlertView *alertView = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示" message:@"您的位置服务当前不可用，请打开位置服务后重试" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
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[alertView show];
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}
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CLLocation *location = [[CLLocation alloc]initWithLatitude:40.034122 longitude:116.289574];
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self.myGeoCoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];
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[self.myGeoCoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks,NSError *error){
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if(error == nil && [placemarks count] > 0){
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CLPlacemark *pm = [placemarks objectAtIndex:0];
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NSLog(@"国家：%@" ,pm.country);
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NSLog(@"邮编：%@",pm.postalCode);
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NSLog(@"Locality:%@",pm.locality);
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}else if(error == nil && [placemarks count] == 0){
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NSLog(@"没有地址返回");
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}else if(error != nil){
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NSLog(@"出错了：%@",error);
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}
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}];
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[self.myGeoCoder geocodeAddressString:@"中国北京市海淀区花园东路10号高德大厦" completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks,NSError *error){
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if(nil == error && [placemarks count] > 0){
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NSLog(@"placemarks count:%i",[placemarks count]);
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CLPlacemark *pm = [placemarks objectAtIndex:0];
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NSLog(@"longitude=%f",pm.location.coordinate.longitude);
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NSLog(@"latitude=%f",pm.location.coordinate.latitude);
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}else if([placemarks count] == 0 && error == nil){
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NSLog(@"找不到给定地址的经纬度");
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}else if(nil != nil){
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NSLog(@"发生了错误:%@",error);
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}
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}];
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}
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- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
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{
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[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
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// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
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}
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-(void)viewDidUnload
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{
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[super viewDidUnload];
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self.myMapView = nil;
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[self.myLocationManager stopUpdatingLocation];
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self.myLocationManager = nil;
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}
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-(BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)toInterfaceOrientation
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{
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return YES;
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}
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/*******************************************************************************************/
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/*******************************************************************************************/
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/*************************** MapView的Delegate的方法，全部都是Option的 *************************/
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/*******************************************************************************************/
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/*******************************************************************************************/
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/*******************************************************************************************/
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- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionWillChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
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NSLog(@"mapView:regionWillChangeAnimated:方法被调用");
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}
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// 用户的地理位置发生改变的时候调用
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- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionDidChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
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NSLog(@"mapView:regionDidChangeAnimated：方法被调用");
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}
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// 当地图界面将要加载的时候将会调用这个方法
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- (void)mapViewWillStartLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView{
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NSLog(@"mapViewWillStartLoadingMap:方法被调用");
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}
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// 当地图界面加载完成的时候将要调用这个方法
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- (void)mapViewDidFinishLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView{
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NSLog(@"mapViewDidFinishLoadingMap:方法被调用");
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}
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// 当地图界面加载失败的时候调用这个方法
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- (void)mapViewDidFailLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView withError:(NSError *)error{
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NSLog(@"mapViewDidFailLoadingMap:withError:方法被调用，error is:%@" , [error description]);
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}
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// 添加到地图的Annotation
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// mapView:viewForAnnotation: provides the view for each annotation.
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// This method may be called for all or some of the added annotations.
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// For MapKit provided annotations (eg. MKUserLocation) return nil to use the MapKit provided annotation view.
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- (MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation
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{
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MKAnnotationView *view = nil;
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if([annotation isKindOfClass:[MyAnnotation class]] == NO){
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return view;
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}
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if([mapView isEqual:self.myMapView] == NO){
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return view;
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}
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MyAnnotation *senderAnnotation = (MyAnnotation*)annotation;
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NSString *pinReusableIdentifier = [MyAnnotation reusableIdentifierForPinColor:senderAnnotation.pinColor];
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MKPinAnnotationView *annotationView = (MKPinAnnotationView*)[mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:pinReusableIdentifier];
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if(annotationView == nil){
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annotationView = [[MKPinAnnotationView alloc]initWithAnnotation:senderAnnotation reuseIdentifier:pinReusableIdentifier];
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[annotationView setCanShowCallout:YES];
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}
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annotationView.pinColor = senderAnnotation.pinColor;
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NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
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NSString *documentPath = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
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NSString *cachePath = [documentPath stringByAppendingString:@"/images"];
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NSString *cacheFile = [cachePath stringByAppendingString:@"icon.image"];
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if([[NSFileManager defaultManager]fileExistsAtPath:cacheFile]){
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UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:cacheFile];
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if(image != nil){
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annotationView.image = image;
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NSLog(@"通过本地设置图片");
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}else{
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[self setAnnotionImageByUrl:annotationView cacheFile:cacheFile];
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}
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}else{
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[self setAnnotionImageByUrl:annotationView cacheFile:cacheFile];
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}
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view = annotationView;
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return view;
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}
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-(void) setAnnotionImageByUrl:(MKPinAnnotationView *)annotationView cacheFile:(NSString *) cacheFile{
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NSLog(@"通过网络设置文件");
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dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
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dispatch_async(queue, ^{
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NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com/img/duanwulogo_94a0060bda0885d1c2320ca0d7d7c342.gif"];
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NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
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if(data != nil){
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[data writeToFile:cacheFile atomically:YES];
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UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
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dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
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dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{
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if(image != nil){
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annotationView.image = image;
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}
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});
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}
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});
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}
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/**
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// mapView:didAddAnnotationViews: is called after the annotation views have been added and positioned in the map.
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// The delegate can implement this method to animate the adding of the annotations views.
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// Use the current positions of the annotation views as the destinations of the animation.
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- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didAddAnnotationViews:(NSArray *)views;
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// mapView:annotationView:calloutAccessoryControlTapped: is called when the user taps on left & right callout accessory UIControls.
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- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view calloutAccessoryControlTapped:(UIControl *)control;
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- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didSelectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
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- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didDeselectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
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- (void)mapViewWillStartLocatingUser:(MKMapView *)mapView NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
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- (void)mapViewDidStopLocatingUser:(MKMapView *)mapView NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
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- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation *)userLocation NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
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- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didFailToLocateUserWithError:(NSError *)error NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
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- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view didChangeDragState:(MKAnnotationViewDragState)newState
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fromOldState:(MKAnnotationViewDragState)oldState NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
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- (MKOverlayView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForOverlay:(id <MKOverlay>)overlay NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
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// Called after the provided overlay views have been added and positioned in the map.
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- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didAddOverlayViews:(NSArray *)overlayViews NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
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- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didChangeUserTrackingMode:(MKUserTrackingMode)mode animated:(BOOL)animated NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 5_0);
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*/
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/*******************************************************************************************/
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/*******************************************************************************************/
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/*************************** 位置相关 *************************/
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/*******************************************************************************************/
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/*******************************************************************************************/
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/*******************************************************************************************/
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-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateToLocation:(CLLocation *)newLocation fromLocation:(CLLocation *)oldLocation
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{
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NSLog(@"Latitude=%f",newLocation.coordinate.latitude);
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NSLog(@"Longitude=%f",newLocation.coordinate.longitude);
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}
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-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
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{
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NSLog(@"获得位置失败");
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}
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@end
MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h
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#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
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@interface MKMapView (ZoomLevel)
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- (void)setCenterCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
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zoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
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animated:(BOOL)animated;
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@end
MKMapView+ZoomLevel.m
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#import "MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h"
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@implementation MKMapView (ZoomLevel)
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#define MERCATOR_OFFSET 268435456
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#define MERCATOR_RADIUS 85445659.44705395
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#pragma mark -
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#pragma mark Map conversion methods
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- (double)longitudeToPixelSpaceX:(double)longitude
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{
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return round(MERCATOR_OFFSET + MERCATOR_RADIUS * longitude * M_PI / 180.0);
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}
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- (double)latitudeToPixelSpaceY:(double)latitude
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{
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return round(MERCATOR_OFFSET - MERCATOR_RADIUS * logf((1 + sinf(latitude * M_PI / 180.0)) / (1 - sinf(latitude * M_PI / 180.0))) / 2.0);
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}
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- (double)pixelSpaceXToLongitude:(double)pixelX
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{
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return ((round(pixelX) - MERCATOR_OFFSET) / MERCATOR_RADIUS) * 180.0 / M_PI;
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}
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- (double)pixelSpaceYToLatitude:(double)pixelY
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{
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return (M_PI / 2.0 - 2.0 * atan(exp((round(pixelY) - MERCATOR_OFFSET) / MERCATOR_RADIUS))) * 180.0 / M_PI;
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}
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#pragma mark -
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#pragma mark Helper methods
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- (MKCoordinateSpan)coordinateSpanWithMapView:(MKMapView *)mapView
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centerCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
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andZoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
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{
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// convert center coordiate to pixel space
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double centerPixelX = [self longitudeToPixelSpaceX:centerCoordinate.longitude];
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double centerPixelY = [self latitudeToPixelSpaceY:centerCoordinate.latitude];
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// determine the scale value from the zoom level
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NSInteger zoomExponent = 20 - zoomLevel;
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double zoomScale = pow(2, zoomExponent);
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// scale the map's size in pixel space
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CGSize mapSizeInPixels = mapView.bounds.size;
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double scaledMapWidth = mapSizeInPixels.width * zoomScale;
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double scaledMapHeight = mapSizeInPixels.height * zoomScale;
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// figure out the position of the top-left pixel
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double topLeftPixelX = centerPixelX - (scaledMapWidth / 2);
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double topLeftPixelY = centerPixelY - (scaledMapHeight / 2);
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// find delta between left and right longitudes
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CLLocationDegrees minLng = [self pixelSpaceXToLongitude:topLeftPixelX];
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CLLocationDegrees maxLng = [self pixelSpaceXToLongitude:topLeftPixelX + scaledMapWidth];
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CLLocationDegrees longitudeDelta = maxLng - minLng;
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// find delta between top and bottom latitudes
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CLLocationDegrees minLat = [self pixelSpaceYToLatitude:topLeftPixelY];
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CLLocationDegrees maxLat = [self pixelSpaceYToLatitude:topLeftPixelY + scaledMapHeight];
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CLLocationDegrees latitudeDelta = -1 * (maxLat - minLat);
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// create and return the lat/lng span
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MKCoordinateSpan span = MKCoordinateSpanMake(latitudeDelta, longitudeDelta);
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return span;
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}
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#pragma mark -
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#pragma mark Public methods
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- (void)setCenterCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
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zoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
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animated:(BOOL)animated
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{
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// clamp large numbers to 28
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zoomLevel = MIN(zoomLevel, 28);
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// use the zoom level to compute the region
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MKCoordinateSpan span = [self coordinateSpanWithMapView:self centerCoordinate:centerCoordinate andZoomLevel:zoomLevel];
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MKCoordinateRegion region = MKCoordinateRegionMake(centerCoordinate, span);
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// set the region like normal
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[self setRegion:region animated:animated];
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}
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-
-
@end
MyAnnotation.h
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
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#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
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#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
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#define REUSABLE_PIN_RED @"Red"
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#define REUSABLE_PIN_GREEN @"Green"
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#define REUSABLE_PIN_PURPLE @"Purple"
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@interface MyAnnotation : NSObject <MKAnnotation>
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@property (nonatomic,readonly) CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
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@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *title;
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@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *subtitle;
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@property (nonatomic,unsafe_unretained) MKPinAnnotationColor pinColor;
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-(id) initWithCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D) coordinate
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title:(NSString*) paramTitle
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subTitle:(NSString*) paramSubTitle;
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// 得到颜色
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+(NSString *) reusableIdentifierForPinColor:(MKPinAnnotationColor) paramColor;
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-
@end
MyAnnotation.m
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#import "MyAnnotation.h"
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@implementation MyAnnotation
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@synthesize coordinate,title,subtitle,pinColor;
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-(id) initWithCoordinate
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:(CLLocationCoordinate2D) paramCoordinate title:(NSString *)paramTitle subTitle:(NSString *)paramSubTitle
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{
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self = [super init];
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if(self != nil){
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coordinate = paramCoordinate;
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title = paramTitle;
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subtitle = paramSubTitle;
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pinColor = MKPinAnnotationColorGreen;
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}
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return self;
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}
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+(NSString *)reusableIdentifierForPinColor:(MKPinAnnotationColor)paramColor
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{
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NSString *result = nil;
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switch (paramColor) {
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case MKPinAnnotationColorRed:
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result = REUSABLE_PIN_RED;
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break;
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case MKPinAnnotationColorGreen:
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result = REUSABLE_PIN_GREEN;
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break;
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case MKPinAnnotationColorPurple:
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result = REUSABLE_PIN_PURPLE;
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}
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return result;
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}
-
-
@end
注意，在使用用户的位置的时候,系统会弹出是否允许应用使用位置的对话框，这个对话框中的提示文字，可以自己进行定义
在系统版本是6.0(包括6.0)以上的时候，在Info.plist文件中进行定义
<key>NSLocationUsageDescription</key>
<string>是否可以使用位置？如果需要使用本应用，是必须的！</string>
在6.0以下，这样进行定义
- // // 提示用户是否允许当前应用使用地理位置，已过时，在Info.plist中使用NSLocationUsageDescription键值替换
- // self.myLocationManager.purpose = @"提示用户是否允许当前应用使用位置，已过时";
- 原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/xinye/archive/2013/06/13/3134746.html