python3.5 升级到3.6

参考https://pylist.com/t/1576042471

下面适合 Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04

add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa

从源码安装

下载源码

cd /opt
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz

解压缩

tar -xvf Python-3.6.3.tgz

编译安装

cd Python-3.6.3
./configure
make
make install

安装过程中如果遇到下面错误

zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available

就安装依赖包

apt-get install zlib1g-dev

再次 make && make install

验证版本

# python3.6 -V
Python 3.6.3

版本替换

现在系统中已经有3个 Python 版本

python -V
python3 -V
python3.6 -V

需要把 python3 命令转向 python3.6

update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.5 1
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/local/bin/python3.6 2
update-alternatives --config python3

会有下面提示：

There are 2 choices for the alternative python3 (providing /usr/bin/python3).

  Selection    Path                      Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/local/bin/python3.6   2         auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/python3.5         1         manual mode
  2            /usr/local/bin/python3.6   2         manual mode

Press  to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 

按回车就可以，验证版本

# python3 -V
Python 3.6.3

pip3 问题

升级后使用 pip3 安装软件，会有下面错误

Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 272, in run
    with self._build_session(options) as session:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 72, in _build_session
    insecure_hosts=options.trusted_hosts,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 329, in __init__
    self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 93, in user_agent
    from pip._vendor import distro
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 1050, in 
    _distro = LinuxDistribution()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 594, in __init__
    if include_lsb else {}
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro.py", line 931, in _get_lsb_release_info
    raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(code, cmd, stdout, stderr)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'lsb_release -a' returned non-zero exit status 1.

重点是 lsb_release，查找 lsb_release.py 并把它复制到 python3.6 的 lib 里即可

# find / -name 'lsb_release.py'
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/lsb_release.py
/usr/share/pyshared/lsb_release.py
# find /usr -name python3.6
/usr/local/bin/python3.6
/usr/local/lib/python3.6
# cp /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py /usr/local/lib/python3.6/

pip3 install 正常

 

pip3 install 出现Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/

原因是被强了参考https://www.cnblogs.com/jonnyan/p/9181031.html

过指定国内镜像源来安装: pip --trusted-host 镜像源 install 模块名 -i 镜像源路径
例如:pip --trusted-host pypi.doubanio.com install paramiko -i http://pypi.doubanio.com/simple

• 注意后面要有/simple目录！！！

命令解释:

• --trusted-host 指定可信源(忽略https的安全要求)
• -i 指定镜像源路径

pipy国内镜像目前有:

http://pypi.douban.com/ 豆瓣

http://pypi.hustunique.com/ 华中理工大学

http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/ 山东理工大学

http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ 中国科学技术大学

要配制成默认的话，需要创建或修改配置文件（linux的文件在~/.pip/pip.conf，windows在%HOMEPATH%\pip\pip.ini），修改内容为：

code:

[global]

index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple

这样在使用pip来安装时，会默认调用该镜像。