《大话数据结构》代码实现——第八章 查找

有序表查找：折半查找、插值查找

二叉排序树的查找、插入、删除

1. 折半查找

def zhebanfind(list, key):
    if not list:
        return False
    low = 0
    high = len(list) - 1

    while(low < high):
        if (high - low) == 1:
            if list[low] == key:
                return low
            elif list[high] == key:
                return high
            else:
                return False
        mid = (low + high)//2
        if list[mid] < key:
            low = mid + 1
        elif list[mid] > key:
            high = mid - 1
        else:
            return mid

2. 插值查找

def chazhifind(list, key):
    if not list or list[-1] < key or list[0] > key:
        return False
    low = 0
    high = len(list) - 1
    while(low < high):
        if (high - low) == 1:
            if list[low] == key:
                return low
            elif list[high] == key:
                return high
            else:
                return False
        mid = low + (key - list[low])*(high - low)//(list[high] - list[low])
        if mid == low: mid += 1
        if mid == high: mid -= 1
        if list[mid] < key:
            low = mid + 1
        elif list[mid] > key:
            high = mid - 1
        else:
            return mid
print(chazhifind([1,2,4,7,9], 7))

3. 二叉排序树

这个比较难写，自己参考别的博客：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: Liu Jiang
# Python 3.5


class BSTNode:
    """
    定义一个二叉树节点类。
    以讨论算法为主，忽略了一些诸如对数据类型进行判断的问题。
    """
    def __init__(self, data, left=None, right=None):
        """
        初始化
        :param data: 节点储存的数据
        :param left: 节点左子树
        :param right: 节点右子树
        """
        self.data = data
        self.left = left
        self.right = right


class BinarySortTree:
    """
    基于BSTNode类的二叉排序树。维护一个根节点的指针。
    """
    def __init__(self):
        self._root = None

    def is_empty(self):
        return self._root is None

    def search(self, key):
        """
        关键码检索
        :param key: 关键码
        :return: 查询节点或None
        """
        bt = self._root
        while bt:
            entry = bt.data
            if key < entry:
                bt = bt.left
            elif key > entry:
                bt = bt.right
            else:
                return entry
        return None

    def insert(self, key):
        """
        插入操作
        :param key:关键码 
        :return: 布尔值
        """
        bt = self._root
        if not bt:
            self._root = BSTNode(key)
            return
        while True:
            entry = bt.data
            if key < entry:
                if bt.left is None:
                    bt.left = BSTNode(key)
                    return
                bt = bt.left
            elif key > entry:
                if bt.right is None:
                    bt.right = BSTNode(key)
                    return
                bt = bt.right
            else:
                bt.data = key
                return

    def delete(self, key):
        """
        二叉排序树最复杂的方法
        :param key: 关键码
        :return: 布尔值
        """
        p, q = None, self._root     # 维持p为q的父节点，用于后面的链接操作
        if not q:
            print("空树！")
            return
        while q and q.data != key:
            p = q
            if key < q.data:
                q = q.left
            else:
                q = q.right
            if not q:               # 当树中没有关键码key时，结束退出。
                return
        # 上面已将找到了要删除的节点，用q引用。而p则是q的父节点或者None（q为根节点时）。
        if not q.left:
            if p is None:
                self._root = q.right
            elif q is p.left:
                p.left = q.right
            else:
                p.right = q.right
            return
        # 查找节点q的左子树的最右节点，将q的右子树链接为该节点的右子树
        # 该方法可能会增大树的深度，效率并不算高。可以设计其它的方法。
        r = q.left
        while r.right:
            r = r.right
        r.right = q.right
        if p is None:
            self._root = q.left
        elif p.left is q:
            p.left = q.left
        else:
            p.right = q.left

    def __iter__(self):
        """
        实现二叉树的中序遍历算法,
        展示我们创建的二叉排序树.
        直接使用python内置的列表作为一个栈。
        :return: data
        """
        stack = []
        node = self._root
        while node or stack:
            while node:
                stack.append(node)
                node = node.left
            node = stack.pop()
            yield node.data
            node = node.right


if __name__ == '__main__':
    lis = [62, 58, 88, 48, 73, 99, 35, 51, 93, 29, 37, 49, 56, 36, 50]
    bs_tree = BinarySortTree()
    for i in range(len(lis)):
        bs_tree.insert(lis[i])
    # bs_tree.insert(100)
    bs_tree.delete(58)
    for i in bs_tree:
        print(i, end=" ")
    # print("\n", bs_tree.search(4))