python 数据统计 pie绘图函数使用
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
labels = ['Major Match', '']
sizes = [273, 727]
colors = ['#E2E2E2', '#6392BF']
explode = (0, 0.08)
plt.figure(figsize=(7, 7))
plt.pie(sizes,
labels=labels,
explode=explode,
autopct='%1.1f%%',
colors=colors,
startangle=270,
shadow=True)
plt.savefig('major-match-job.png', transparent=True)
plt.show()
代码来源：https://github.com/selfteaching/the-craft-of-selfteaching/blob/master/markdown/Part.1.A.better.teachyourself.md
函数pie源代码如下：
pie函数声明
# Autogenerated by boilerplate.py. Do not edit as changes will be lost.
@_autogen_docstring(Axes.pie)
def pie(x, explode=None, labels=None, colors=None, autopct=None,
pctdistance=0.6, shadow=False, labeldistance=1.1, startangle=None,
radius=None, counterclock=True, wedgeprops=None, textprops=None,
center=(0, 0), frame=False, rotatelabels=False, hold=None, data=None):
ax = gca()
# Deprecated: allow callers to override the hold state
# by passing hold=True|False
washold = ax._hold
if hold is not None:
ax._hold = hold
from matplotlib.cbook import mplDeprecation
warnings.warn("The 'hold' keyword argument is deprecated since 2.0.",
mplDeprecation)
try:
ret = ax.pie(x, explode=explode, labels=labels, colors=colors,
autopct=autopct, pctdistance=pctdistance, shadow=shadow,
labeldistance=labeldistance, startangle=startangle,
radius=radius, counterclock=counterclock,
wedgeprops=wedgeprops, textprops=textprops, center=center,
frame=frame, rotatelabels=rotatelabels, data=data)
finally:
ax._hold = washold
return ret
pip函数实现
def pie(self, x, explode=None, labels=None, colors=None,
autopct=None, pctdistance=0.6, shadow=False, labeldistance=1.1,
startangle=None, radius=None, counterclock=True,
wedgeprops=None, textprops=None, center=(0, 0),
frame=False, rotatelabels=False):
"""
Plot a pie chart. 画一个饼状图
Make a pie chart of array *x*. The fractional area of each wedge is
given by ``x/sum(x)``. If ``sum(x) < 1``, then the values of *x* give
the fractional area directly and the array will not be normalized. The
resulting pie will have an empty wedge of size ``1 - sum(x)``.
The wedges are plotted counterclockwise, by default starting from the
x-axis.
Parameters
----------
x : array-like
The wedge sizes.
explode : array-like, optional, default: None
If not *None*, is a ``len(x)`` array which specifies the fraction
of the radius with which to offset each wedge.
labels : list, optional, default: None
A sequence of strings providing the labels for each wedge
colors : array-like, optional, default: None
A sequence of matplotlib color args through which the pie chart
will cycle. If *None*, will use the colors in the currently
active cycle.
autopct : None (default), string, or function, optional
If not *None*, is a string or function used to label the wedges
with their numeric value. The label will be placed inside the
wedge. If it is a format string, the label will be ``fmt%pct``.
If it is a function, it will be called.
pctdistance : float, optional, default: 0.6
The ratio between the center of each pie slice and the start of
the text generated by *autopct*. Ignored if *autopct* is *None*.
shadow : bool, optional, default: False
Draw a shadow beneath the pie.
labeldistance : float, optional, default: 1.1
The radial distance at which the pie labels are drawn
startangle : float, optional, default: None
If not *None*, rotates the start of the pie chart by *angle*
degrees counterclockwise from the x-axis.
radius : float, optional, default: None
The radius of the pie, if *radius* is *None* it will be set to 1.
counterclock : bool, optional, default: True
Specify fractions direction, clockwise or counterclockwise.
wedgeprops : dict, optional, default: None
Dict of arguments passed to the wedge objects making the pie.
For example, you can pass in ``wedgeprops = {'linewidth': 3}``
to set the width of the wedge border lines equal to 3.
For more details, look at the doc/arguments of the wedge object.
By default ``clip_on=False``.
textprops : dict, optional, default: None
Dict of arguments to pass to the text objects.
center : list of float, optional, default: (0, 0)
Center position of the chart. Takes value (0, 0) or is a sequence
of 2 scalars.
frame : bool, optional, default: False
Plot axes frame with the chart if true.
rotatelabels : bool, optional, default: False
Rotate each label to the angle of the corresponding slice if true.
Returns
-------
patches : list
A sequence of :class:`matplotlib.patches.Wedge` instances
texts : list
A list of the label :class:`matplotlib.text.Text` instances.
autotexts : list
A list of :class:`~matplotlib.text.Text` instances for the numeric
labels. This will only be returned if the parameter *autopct* is
not *None*.
Notes
-----
The pie chart will probably look best if the figure and axes are
square, or the Axes aspect is equal.
"""
x = np.array(x, np.float32)
sx = x.sum()
if sx > 1:
x /= sx
if labels is None:
labels = [''] * len(x)
if explode is None:
explode = [0] * len(x)
if len(x) != len(labels):
raise ValueError("'label' must be of length 'x'")
if len(x) != len(explode):
raise ValueError("'explode' must be of length 'x'")
if colors is None:
get_next_color = self._get_patches_for_fill.get_next_color
else:
color_cycle = itertools.cycle(colors)
def get_next_color():
return next(color_cycle)
if radius is None:
radius = 1
# Starting theta1 is the start fraction of the circle
if startangle is None:
theta1 = 0
else:
theta1 = startangle / 360.0
# set default values in wedge_prop
if wedgeprops is None:
wedgeprops = {}
wedgeprops.setdefault('clip_on', False)
if textprops is None:
textprops = {}
textprops.setdefault('clip_on', False)
texts = []
slices = []
autotexts = []
i = 0
for frac, label, expl in zip(x, labels, explode):
x, y = center
theta2 = (theta1 + frac) if counterclock else (theta1 - frac)
thetam = 2 * np.pi * 0.5 * (theta1 + theta2)
x += expl * math.cos(thetam)
y += expl * math.sin(thetam)
w = mpatches.Wedge((x, y), radius, 360. * min(theta1, theta2),
360. * max(theta1, theta2),
facecolor=get_next_color(),
**wedgeprops)
slices.append(w)
self.add_patch(w)
w.set_label(label)
if shadow:
# make sure to add a shadow after the call to
# add_patch so the figure and transform props will be
# set
shad = mpatches.Shadow(w, -0.02, -0.02)
shad.set_zorder(0.9 * w.get_zorder())
shad.set_label('_nolegend_')
self.add_patch(shad)
xt = x + labeldistance * radius * math.cos(thetam)
yt = y + labeldistance * radius * math.sin(thetam)
label_alignment_h = xt > 0 and 'left' or 'right'
label_alignment_v = 'center'
label_rotation = 'horizontal'
if rotatelabels:
label_alignment_v = yt > 0 and 'bottom' or 'top'
label_rotation = np.rad2deg(thetam) + (0 if xt > 0 else 180)
t = self.text(xt, yt, label,
size=rcParams['xtick.labelsize'],
horizontalalignment=label_alignment_h,
verticalalignment=label_alignment_v,
rotation=label_rotation,
**textprops)
texts.append(t)
if autopct is not None:
xt = x + pctdistance * radius * math.cos(thetam)
yt = y + pctdistance * radius * math.sin(thetam)
if isinstance(autopct, six.string_types):
s = autopct % (100. * frac)
elif callable(autopct):
s = autopct(100. * frac)
else:
raise TypeError(
'autopct must be callable or a format string')
t = self.text(xt, yt, s,
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center',
**textprops)
autotexts.append(t)
theta1 = theta2
i += 1
if not frame:
self.set_frame_on(False)
self.set_xlim((-1.25 + center[0],
1.25 + center[0]))
self.set_ylim((-1.25 + center[1],
1.25 + center[1]))
self.set_xticks([])
self.set_yticks([])
if autopct is None:
return slices, texts
else:
return slices, texts, autotexts