最近要复习一下C和C++的基础知识，于是计划把之前学过的谭浩强的《C程序设计》和《C++程序设计》习题重新做一遍。
编译环境为：操作系统32位Win7，编译工具VC++6.0
第十章：运算符重载
10.1-2）定义一个复数类Complex，重载运算符'+'、'-'、'*'、'/'，使之能用于复数的加、减、乘以、除以运算
#include
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
//构造函数
Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0)
{
this -> m_Real = r;
this -> m_Imag = i;
}
//打印复数
void Display()
{
cout << m_Real << "+" << m_Imag << "i" << endl;
}
Complex operator + (Complex &c2);
Complex operator - (Complex &c2);
Complex operator * (Complex &c2);
Complex operator / (Complex &c2);
double Real() { return m_Real; } //获取实部
double Imag() { return m_Imag; } //获取虚部
void SetReal(double r) { m_Real = r; } //设置实部
void SetImag(double i) { m_Imag = i; } //设置虚部
void SetValue(double r, double i) { m_Real = r; m_Imag = i; } //设置复数值
private:
double m_Real; //实部
double m_Imag; //虚部
};
Complex Complex :: operator + (Complex &c2)
{
Complex c = Complex();
c.SetReal(m_Real + c2.Real());
c.SetImag(m_Imag + c2.Imag());
return c;
}
Complex Complex :: operator - (Complex &c2)
{
Complex c = Complex();
c.SetReal(m_Real - c2.Real());
c.SetImag(m_Imag - c2.Imag());
return c;
}
Complex Complex :: operator * (Complex &c2)
{
Complex c = Complex();
c.SetReal(m_Real * c2.Real() - m_Imag * c2.Imag());
c.SetImag(m_Real * c2.Imag() + m_Imag * c2.Real());
return c;
}
Complex Complex :: operator / (Complex &c2)
{
Complex c = Complex();
double da = m_Real;
double db = m_Imag;
double dc = c2.Real();
double dd = c2.Imag();
c.SetReal((da * dc + db * dd) / (dc * dc + dd * dd));
c.SetImag((db * dd - da * dc) / (dc * dc + dd * dd));
return c;
}
int main()
{
cout << "两个复数" << endl;
Complex(1, 1).Display();
Complex(2, 3).Display();
cout << "复数加法" << endl;
Complex c1 = Complex(1, 1) + Complex(2, 3);
c1.Display(); //和
cout << "复数减法" << endl;
Complex c2 = Complex(1, 1) - Complex(2, 3);
c2.Display(); //差
cout << "复数乘法" << endl;
Complex c3 = Complex(1, 1) * Complex(2, 3);
c3.Display(); //积
cout << "复数除法" << endl;
Complex c4 = Complex(1, 1) / Complex(2, 3);
c4.Display(); //商
return 0;
} 10.3）定义一个复数类Complex，重载运算符+，使之能用于复数和整数的加法运算
#include
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
//构造函数
Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0)
{
this -> m_Real = r;
this -> m_Imag = i;
}
//打印复数
void Display()
{
cout << m_Real << "+" << m_Imag << "i" << endl;
}
Complex operator + (Complex &c2);
Complex operator + (int a);
double Real() { return m_Real; } //获取实部
double Imag() { return m_Imag; } //获取虚部
void SetReal(double r) { m_Real = r; } //设置实部
void SetImag(double i) { m_Imag = i; } //设置虚部
void SetValue(double r, double i) { m_Real = r; m_Imag = i; } //设置复数值
private:
double m_Real; //实部
double m_Imag; //虚部
};
//复数加复数
Complex Complex :: operator + (Complex &c2)
{
Complex c = Complex();
c.SetReal(m_Real + c2.Real());
c.SetImag(m_Imag + c2.Imag());
return c;
}
//复数加整数
Complex Complex :: operator + (int a)
{
Complex c = Complex();
c.SetReal(m_Real + a);
c.SetImag(m_Imag);
return c;
}
//整数加复数
Complex operator + (int a, Complex &c2)
{
Complex c = Complex();
c.SetReal(a + c2.Real());
c.SetImag(c2.Imag());
return c;
}
int main()
{
cout << "两个复数" << endl;
Complex(1, 1).Display();
Complex(2, 3).Display();
cout << "复数加复数" << endl;
Complex c1 = Complex(1, 1) + Complex(2, 3);
c1.Display(); //和
cout << "复数加整数" << endl;
Complex c2 = Complex(1, 1) + 7;
c2.Display(); //和
cout << "整数加复数" << endl;
Complex c3 = 7 + Complex(2, 3);
c3.Display(); //和
return 0;
} 10.4）有两个矩阵a和b，均为2行3列。求两个矩阵之和。重载运算符+。使之能用于矩阵相加。
#include
using namespace std;
class Matrix
{
public:
//构造函数
Matrix(int a00, int a01, int a02, int a10, int a11, int a12)
{
this -> m_Matrix[0][0] = a00;
this -> m_Matrix[0][1] = a01;
this -> m_Matrix[0][2] = a02;
this -> m_Matrix[1][0] = a10;
this -> m_Matrix[1][1] = a11;
this -> m_Matrix[1][2] = a12;
}
//2行3列的矩阵
int m_Matrix[2][3];
};
//矩阵加法
Matrix operator + (Matrix &m1, Matrix &m2)
{
return Matrix(
m1.m_Matrix[0][0] + m2.m_Matrix[0][0],
m1.m_Matrix[0][1] + m2.m_Matrix[0][1],
m1.m_Matrix[0][2] + m2.m_Matrix[0][2],
m1.m_Matrix[1][0] + m2.m_Matrix[1][0],
m1.m_Matrix[1][1] + m2.m_Matrix[1][1],
m1.m_Matrix[1][2] + m2.m_Matrix[1][2]);
}
int main()
{
Matrix a = Matrix(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
Matrix b = Matrix(6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1);
Matrix c = a + b;
cout << c.m_Matrix[0][0] << c.m_Matrix[0][1] << c.m_Matrix[0][2] << endl
<< c.m_Matrix[1][0] << c.m_Matrix[1][1] << c.m_Matrix[1][2] << endl;
return 0;
} 10.5）在4题的基础上，重载流插入运算符<<和流提取运算符>>，使之能用于矩阵的输入和输出
#include
using namespace std;
class Matrix
{
public:
//构造函数
Matrix(int a00, int a01, int a02, int a10, int a11, int a12)
{
this -> m_Matrix[0][0] = a00;
this -> m_Matrix[0][1] = a01;
this -> m_Matrix[0][2] = a02;
this -> m_Matrix[1][0] = a10;
this -> m_Matrix[1][1] = a11;
this -> m_Matrix[1][2] = a12;
}
//2行3列的矩阵
int m_Matrix[2][3];
};
ostream& operator << (ostream& output, Matrix& m)
{
output
<< m.m_Matrix[0][0] << " " << m.m_Matrix[0][1] << " "
<< m.m_Matrix[0][2] << " " << endl
<< m.m_Matrix[1][0] << " " << m.m_Matrix[1][1] << " "
<< m.m_Matrix[1][2];
return output;
}
istream& operator >> (istream& input, Matrix& m)
{
input
>> m.m_Matrix[0][0] >> m.m_Matrix[0][1] >> m.m_Matrix[0][2]
>> m.m_Matrix[1][0] >> m.m_Matrix[1][1] >> m.m_Matrix[1][2];
return input;
}
int main()
{
Matrix a = Matrix(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
cin >> a;
cout << a << endl;
return 0;
} 10.6）编写程序实现复数类与浮点数见的强制类型转换
#include
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
//构造函数
Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0)
{
this -> m_Real = r;
this -> m_Imag = i;
}
//复数转浮点数
operator double() { return m_Real; }
//打印复数
void Display()
{
cout << m_Real << "+" << m_Imag << "i" << endl;
}
double Real() { return m_Real; } //获取实部
double Imag() { return m_Imag; } //获取虚部
void SetReal(double r) { m_Real = r; } //设置实部
void SetImag(double i) { m_Imag = i; } //设置虚部
void SetValue(double r, double i) { m_Real = r; m_Imag = i; } //设置复数值
private:
double m_Real; //实部
double m_Imag; //虚部
};
int main()
{
Complex c1 = Complex(1, 1);
c1.Display();
double temp = (double)c1;
cout << temp << endl;
Complex c2 = (Complex)temp;
c2.Display();
return 0;
} 10.7）定义两个类间的强制类型转换
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Teacher
{
public:
Teacher(int nu, string na, bool sx,
int o1 = 0, int o2 = 0, int o3 = 0)
{
this -> m_Num = nu;
this -> m_Name = na;
this -> m_Sex = sx;
this -> m_Other1 = o1;
this -> m_Other2 = o2;
this -> m_Other3 = o3;
}
//输出教师类内容
void Display()
{
cout << m_Num << " " << m_Name << " " << m_Sex << endl;
cout << m_Other1 << "-" << m_Other2 << "-" << m_Other3 << endl;
}
private:
int m_Num; //号码
string m_Name;//姓名
bool m_Sex; //性别：1男0女
int m_Other1; //其他属性1
int m_Other2; //其他属性2
int m_Other3; //其他属性3
};
class Student
{
public:
//构造函数
Student(int nu, string na, bool sx)
{
this -> m_Num = nu;
this -> m_Name = na;
this -> m_Sex = sx;
}
operator Teacher()
{
return Teacher(m_Num, m_Name, m_Sex);
}
private:
int m_Num; //号码
string m_Name;//姓名
bool m_Sex; //性别：1男0女
};
int main()
{
Student stu = Student(100, "Tsybius", 1);
Teacher tea = (Teacher)stu;
tea.Display();
return 0;
} 第十一章：继承与派生
11.1-4）修改例11.1、11.2、11.3的程序，分别使用public、private、protected三种继承方式
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Student
{
public:
Student(int nu, string na, char sx)
{
this -> m_Num = nu;
this -> m_Name = na;
this -> m_Sex = sx;
}
void GetValue()
{
cin >> m_Num >> m_Name >> m_Sex;
}
void Display()
{
cout << "m_Num:" << m_Num << endl;
cout << "m_Name:" << m_Name << endl;
cout << "m_Sex:" << m_Sex << endl;
}
private:
int m_Num;
string m_Name;
char m_Sex;
};
//在这里修改 public private protected
class Student1: public Student //11.2
//class Student1: private Student //11.3
//class Student1: protected Student //11.4
{
public:
Student1( int nu = 100, string na = "Tsybius", char sx = 'm',
int ag = 23, string ad = "x"): Student(nu, na, sx)
{
this -> m_Age = ag;
this -> m_Addr = ad;
}
void Display1()
{
Display();
cout << "m_Age:" << m_Age << endl;
cout << "m_Addr:" << m_Addr << endl;
}
private:
int m_Age;
string m_Addr;
};
int main()
{
int a;
string b;
char c;
int d;
string e;
cin >> a >> b >> c >> d >> e;
//cout << a << b << c << d << e << endl;
Student1 stu1 = Student1(a, b, c, d, e);
stu1.Display1();
return 0;
} 11.9）分别定义教师类（Teacher）和干部类（Cadre），采用多重继承方式派生新类Teacher_Cadre
#include
#include
using namespace std;
//教师类
class Teacher
{
public:
//构造函数
Teacher(string nm, int ag, char sx, string ad, string tl, string tt);
//输出内容
void Display();
protected:
string m_Name; //姓名
int m_Age; //年龄
char m_Sex; //性别 'm'男 'f'女
string m_Addr; //地址
string m_Tel; //电话
string m_Title; //职称
};
//教师类：构造函数
Teacher :: Teacher(string nm, int ag, char sx, string ad, string tl, string tt):
m_Name(nm), m_Age(ag), m_Sex(sx), m_Addr(ad), m_Tel(tl), m_Title(tt) { }
//输出内容
void Teacher :: Display()
{
cout << "Teacher_Name:" << m_Name << endl;
cout << "Teacher_Age:" << m_Age << endl;
cout << "Teacher_Sex:" << m_Sex << endl;
cout << "Teacher_Addr:" << m_Addr << endl;
cout << "Teacher_Tel:" << m_Tel << endl;
cout << "Teacher_Title:" << m_Title << endl;
}
//干部类
class Cadre
{
public:
//构造函数
Cadre(string nm, int ag, char sx, string ad, string tl, string pst);
//输出内容
void Display();
protected:
string m_Name; //姓名
int m_Age; //年龄
char m_Sex; //性别 'm'男 'f'女
string m_Addr; //地址
string m_Tel; //电话
string m_Post; //职务
};
//干部类：构造函数
Cadre :: Cadre(string nm, int ag, char sx, string ad, string tl, string pst):
m_Name(nm), m_Age(ag), m_Sex(sx), m_Addr(ad), m_Tel(tl), m_Post(pst) { }
//输出内容
void Cadre :: Display()
{
cout << "Cadre_Name:" << m_Name << endl;
cout << "Cadre_Age:" << m_Age << endl;
cout << "Cadre_Sex:" << m_Sex << endl;
cout << "Cadre_Addr:" << m_Addr << endl;
cout << "Cadre_Tel:" << m_Tel << endl;
cout << "Cadre_Post:" << m_Post << endl;
}
class Teacher_Cadre: public Teacher, public Cadre
{
public:
//构造函数
Teacher_Cadre(
string na, int ag, char sx, string ad,
string tl, string tt, string pst, int wg);
//输出内容
void Display();
private:
int m_Wages; //工资
};
//教师干部类：构造函数
Teacher_Cadre :: Teacher_Cadre(
string na, int ag, char sx, string ad,
string tl, string tt, string pst, int wg):
Teacher(na, ag, sx, ad, tl, tt), Cadre(na, ag, sx, ad, tl, pst),
m_Wages(wg) { }
//输出内容
void Teacher_Cadre :: Display()
{
Teacher :: Display();
Cadre :: Display();
cout << "TC_Wages:" << m_Wages << endl;
}
int main()
{
Teacher_Cadre tc = Teacher_Cadre("Tsybius", 23, 'm', "aa", "bb", "cc", "dd", 1000);
tc.Display();
return 0;
} 11.10）将11.8节程序片段补充完善，成为一个完整的程序。在程序中使用继承和组合
#include
#include
using namespace std;
//教师类
class Teacher
{
public:
//构造函数
Teacher(int nu, string na, char sx): m_Num(nu), m_Name(na), m_Sex(sx) { }
//输出教师类
void Display()
{
cout << "Teacher_Num:" << m_Num << endl;
cout << "Teacher_Name:" << m_Name << endl;
cout << "Teacher_Sex:" << m_Sex << endl;
}
private:
int m_Num; //号码
string m_Name; //姓名
char m_Sex; //性别 'm'男'f'女
};
//生日类
class BirthDate
{
public:
//构造函数
BirthDate(int y, int m, int d): m_Year(y), m_Month(m), m_Day(d) { }
BirthDate(BirthDate &bd)
{
this -> m_Year = bd.m_Year;
this -> m_Month = bd.m_Month;
this -> m_Day = bd.m_Day;
}
//输出生日类
void Display()
{
cout << "Teacher_Year:" << m_Year << endl;
cout << "Teacher_Month:" << m_Month << endl;
cout << "Teacher_Day:" << m_Day << endl;
}
private:
int m_Year; //年
int m_Month; //月
int m_Day; //日
};
//教授类
class Professor: public Teacher
{
public:
//构造函数
Professor(int nu, string na, char sx, int y, int m, int d):
Teacher(nu, na, sx), birthdate(y, m, d) { }
//输出教授类
void Display()
{
Teacher :: Display();
birthdate.Display();
}
private:
BirthDate birthdate;
};
int main()
{
(new Professor(100, "Tsybius", 'm', 2014, 9, 16)) -> Display();
return 0;
} 第十二章：多态性与虚函数
12.1）在例12.1的基础上做一些修改，定义Point类，由Point类派生出Circle类，再有Circle类派生出Cylinder类
#include
using namespace std;
//点类
class Point
{
public:
Point(float x = 0, float y = 0); //构造函数
void SetPoint(float x = 0, float y = 0); //为点重新赋值
float GetX(); //获取横坐标
float GetY(); //获取纵坐标
//运算符重载
friend ostream& operator << (ostream &, const Point &);
private:
float m_X;
float m_Y;
};
//构造函数
Point :: Point(float a, float b)
{
this -> m_X = a;
this -> m_Y = b;
}
//为点重新赋值
void Point :: SetPoint(float a, float b)
{
this -> m_X = a;
this -> m_Y = b;
}
//横坐标
float Point :: GetX()
{
return this -> m_X;
}
//纵坐标
float Point :: GetY()
{
return this -> m_Y;
}
//重载运算符
ostream& operator << (ostream &output, Point &p)
{
output << "[" << p.GetX() << "," << p.GetY() << "]";
return output;
}
//==================================================
//圆类
class Circle: public Point
{
public:
Circle(float x, float y, float r): Point(x, y), m_Radius(r) { } //构造函数
float GetRadius() { return this -> m_Radius; } //获取半径
float GetPerimeter() { return 2 * 3.1416f * m_Radius; } //获取周长
float GetArea() { return 3.1416f * m_Radius * m_Radius; } //获取面积
//运算符重载
friend ostream& operator << (ostream &, const Circle &);
private:
float m_Radius; //半径
};
//重载运算符
ostream& operator << (ostream &output, Circle &c)
{
output << "[" << c.GetX() << "," << c.GetY() << "] r=" << c.GetRadius();
return output;
}
//==================================================
//圆柱体类
class Cylinder: public Circle
{
public:
Cylinder(float x, float y, float r, float h): Circle(x, y, r), m_Height(h) { }
float GetHeight() { return this -> m_Height; }
float GetVolume() { return Circle :: GetArea() * m_Height; }
//运算符重载
friend ostream& operator << (ostream &, const Cylinder &);
private:
float m_Height; //高
};
//重载运算符
ostream& operator << (ostream &output, Cylinder &cy)
{
output << "[" << cy.GetX() << "," << cy.GetY() << "]"
<< " r=" << cy.GetRadius() << " h=" << cy.GetHeight();
return output;
}
int main()
{
Point p(3.5f, 6.4f);
cout << p << endl;
Circle c(3.5f, 6.4f, 3);
cout << c << endl;
Cylinder cy(3.5f, 6.4f, 3, 5);
cout << cy << endl;
return 0;
} 12.3）在例12.3基础上做如下修改
1：把构造函数修改为带参数的函数
#include
using namespace std;
class Point
{
public:
//构造函数
Point(float x = 0, float y = 0): m_X(x), m_Y(y) { }
//析构函数
~Point() { cout << "Executing Point Destructor" << endl; }
//virtual ~Point() { cout << "Executing Point Destructor" << endl; }
float GetX() { return this -> m_X; } //获取横坐标
float GetY() { return this -> m_Y; } //获取纵坐标
private:
int m_X; //横坐标
int m_Y; //纵坐标
};
class Circle: public Point
{
public:
//构造函数
Circle(float x = 0, float y = 0, float r = 1): Point(x, y), m_Radius(r) { }
//析构函数
~Circle() { cout << "Executing Circle Destructor" << endl; }
float GetRadius() { return this -> m_Radius; }
private:
int m_Radius; //半径
};
int main()
{
Point *p = new Circle();
delete p;
cout << "---------" << endl;
Circle * gradl = new Circle();
delete gradl;
cout << "---------" << endl;
return 0;
} 2：不将析构函数声明为virtual，运行结果：
3：不进行2中的修改
12.4）写一个程序，定义抽象基类Shape，由它派生出三个类：Circle、Rectangle、Triangle，用一个函数PrintArea分别输出三者的面积
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Shape
{
public:
virtual void PrintArea() { }
};
//圆
class Circle: public Shape
{
public:
Circle(float r): m_Radius(r) { }
void PrintArea() { cout << 3.1416 * m_Radius * m_Radius << endl; }
private:
float m_Radius;
};
//矩形
class Rectangle: public Shape
{
public:
Rectangle(float l, float w): m_Length(l), m_Width(w) { }
void PrintArea() { cout << m_Length * m_Width << endl; }
private:
float m_Length; //长
float m_Width; //宽
};
//三角形
class Triangle: public Shape
{
public:
Triangle(float a, float b, float c): m_A(a), m_B(b), m_C(c) { }
void PrintArea()
{
float p = (m_A + m_B + m_C) / 2.0f;
float result = sqrt(p * (p - m_A) * (p - m_B) * (p - m_C));
cout << result << endl;
}
private:
float m_A; //边1
float m_B; //边2
float m_C; //边3
};
int main()
{
(new Circle(5)) -> PrintArea();
(new Rectangle(2, 3)) -> PrintArea();
(new Triangle(3, 4, 5)) -> PrintArea();
return 0;
} 12.5）写一个程序，定义抽象基类Shape，由他派生出5个派生类：Circle、Square、Rectangle、Trapezoid、Triangle。用虚函数分别计算几种图形的面积并求和。要求使用基类指针数组，使它的每一个元素指向一个派生类对象
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Shape
{
public:
virtual void PrintArea() { }
};
//圆
class Circle: public Shape
{
public:
Circle(float r): m_Radius(r) { }
virtual void PrintArea()
{
cout << "Circle:" << 3.1416 * m_Radius * m_Radius << endl;
}
private:
float m_Radius;
};
//正方形
class Square: public Shape
{
public:
Square(float a): m_A(a) { }
virtual void PrintArea() { cout << "Square:" << m_A * m_A << endl; }
private:
float m_A;
};
//矩形
class Rectangle: public Shape
{
public:
Rectangle(float l, float w): m_Length(l), m_Width(w) { }
virtual void PrintArea() { cout << "Rectangle:" << m_Length * m_Width << endl; }
private:
float m_Length; //长
float m_Width; //宽
};
//梯形
class Trapezoid: public Shape
{
public:
Trapezoid(float a, float b, float h): m_A(a), m_B(b), m_Height(h) { }
virtual void PrintArea()
{
cout << "Trapezoid:" << m_A * m_B * m_Height / 2.0f << endl;
}
private:
float m_A; //上底
float m_B; //下底
float m_Height; //高
};
//三角形
class Triangle: public Shape
{
public:
Triangle(float a, float b, float c): m_A(a), m_B(b), m_C(c) { }
virtual void PrintArea()
{
float p = (m_A + m_B + m_C) / 2.0f;
float result = sqrt(p * (p - m_A) * (p - m_B) * (p - m_C));
cout << "Triangle:" << result << endl;
}
private:
float m_A; //边1
float m_B; //边2
float m_C; //边3
};
int main()
{
Shape *s[5];
s[0] = new Circle(5);
s[0] -> PrintArea();
s[1] = new Square(5);
s[1] -> PrintArea();
s[2] = new Rectangle(2, 3);
s[2] -> PrintArea();
s[3] = new Trapezoid(2, 3, 4);
s[3] -> PrintArea();
s[4] = new Triangle(3, 4, 5);
s[4] -> PrintArea();
return 0;
} END