python实现五子棋游戏（pygame版）

目录

• 简介
• 实现过程
• 结语

简介

使用python实现pygame版的五子棋游戏；

　　环境：Windows系统+python3.8.0

　　游戏规则：

　　　　1.分两位棋手对战，默认黑棋先下；当在棋盘点击左键，即在该位置绘制黑棋；

　　　　2.自动切换到白棋，当在棋盘点击左键，即在该位置绘制白棋；

　　　　3.轮流切换棋手下棋，当那方先形成5子连线者获胜（横、竖、斜、反斜四个方向都可以）。

　　游戏运行效果如下：

实现过程

1. 新建文件settings.py，用来定义一些必须的基本属性和初始值；

   class Settings():
   	def __init__(self):
   		"""初始化的游戏配置"""
   		# 屏幕宽高
   		self.width = 700
   		self.height = 554
   		# 文字颜色和大小
   		self.fontsize = 14
   		self.fonttype = 'simsunnsimsun'
   		# 棋盘格数
   		self.number = 15
   		# 棋盘左边距、上边距和间隔
   		self.bd_left = 30
   		self.bd_top = 30
   		self.bd_space = 36
   		# 判断游戏是否结束（默认开始）
   		self.game_active = True
   		# 判断哪方下棋（默认黑子先写）
   		self.chess_player = 1
   		self.prompt_info = '当前棋手：黑棋'
   		# 开始校验输赢（两边合计9，因为已经有一边5步）
   		self.win_number = 0
   		# 设置背景图、黑棋图片、白棋图片路径
   		self.checkerboard_bg = 'images/checkerboard_bg.png'
   		self.black_chess = 'images/black_chess.png'
   		self.white_chess = 'images/white_chess.png'
   		# 存储落子数据
   		self.move_chess = []

    

2. 新建文件checkerboard.py，主要用来绘制背景图和棋格线；

   import sys
   import pygame
   
   class Checkerboard():
   	def __init__(self, ck_settings, screen, position):
   		self.ck_settings = ck_settings
   		self.screen = screen
   		self.position = position
   		
   		# 颜色和坐标大小
   		self.text_color = (0, 0, 0)
   		self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(ck_settings.fonttype, ck_settings.fontsize)
   		# 存储棋子坐标
   		self.checkerboard = []
   		# 加载背景图、黑棋和白棋（当有图片不存在时，打印错误并退出游戏）
   		try:
   			self.bg_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.checkerboard_bg)		
   			self.black_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.black_chess).convert_alpha() # convert_alpha背景透明
   			self.white_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.white_chess).convert_alpha()
   			self.chess_rect = self.black_image.get_rect()
   		except Exception as e:
   			print('error:', e)
   			sys.exit()
   
   	def draw_board(self):		
   		# 存储棋子坐标		
   		for i in range(self.ck_settings.number):
   			self.checkerboard.append([])
   			for j in range(self.ck_settings.number):
   				self.checkerboard[i].append(self.position(self.ck_settings.bd_left + i * self.ck_settings.bd_space, self.ck_settings.bd_top + j * self.ck_settings.bd_space))
   		# 绘制棋盘坐标
   		for i in range(0, self.ck_settings.number):
   			# ord返回字符的ASCII数值，chr再返回字符
   			x_text = self.font.render(chr(ord('A') + i), True, self.text_color) # A-O
   			y_text = self.font.render(str(i + 1), True, self.text_color) # 1-15
   
   			# 绘制xy轴坐标（在棋盘背景图绘制）
   			self.bg_image.blit(x_text, (self.checkerboard[i][0].x - x_text.get_width() / 2, self.checkerboard[i][0].y - 20))
   			self.bg_image.blit(y_text, (self.checkerboard[0][i].x - 20, self.checkerboard[0][i].y - y_text.get_height() / 2))
   						
   			# 绘制横竖线（在棋盘背景图绘制）
   			pygame.draw.line(self.bg_image, self.text_color, self.checkerboard[0][i], self.checkerboard[self.ck_settings.number-1][i])
   			pygame.draw.line(self.bg_image, self.text_color, self.checkerboard[i][0], self.checkerboard[i][self.ck_settings.number-1])
   		# 绘制棋盘背景图
   		self.screen.blit(self.bg_image, (0, 0))

    

3. 新建文件infopanel.py，主要用来绘制棋盘右边提示信息（暂时只有显示下棋方和获胜信息）；

   import pygame.font
   class Infopanel():
   	def __init__(self, ck_settings, screen):
   		"""初始化属性"""
   		self.settings = ck_settings
   		self.screen = screen
   		self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
   		# 设置文字颜色和字体大小
   		self.info_color = (217, 8, 10)
   		self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(ck_settings.fonttype, 16)
   		
   	def draw_info(self, info):
   		"""将文字渲染为图像，并定位到右边水平居中"""
   		self.info_image = self.font.render(info, True, self.info_color)
   		self.info_image_rect = self.info_image.get_rect()
   		self.info_image_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - (self.screen_rect.width - 536 - self.info_image_rect.width) / 2
   		self.info_image_rect.top = 50
   		# 绘制到屏幕
   		self.screen.blit(self.info_image, self.info_image_rect)

    

4. 新建文件“game_functions.py”，存放跟游戏有关的所有业务逻辑函数；

   import sys
   import pygame
    
   # 棋
   def update_board(ck_settings, cb, index_coordinates, position):
   	"""更新棋盘信息"""
   	# 判断棋手（黑棋或白棋）
   	if ck_settings.chess_player == 1:
   		ck_settings.prompt_info = '当前棋手：白棋'
   		img = cb.black_image
   		chess_type = 'black'
   	else:
   		ck_settings.prompt_info = '当前棋手：黑棋'
   		img = cb.white_image
   		chess_type = 'white'
    
   	"""落棋"""
   	dropState = check_at(ck_settings, index_coordinates)
   	if dropState:
   		i, j = index_coordinates
   		chess_x = cb.checkerboard[j][i].x - cb.chess_rect.width / 2
   		chess_y = cb.checkerboard[j][i].y - cb.chess_rect.height / 2
   		# 累计步数（两边合计）
   		ck_settings.win_number += 1
   		# 落子并转换棋手
   		ck_settings.move_chess.append({'type': chess_type, 'coord': position(i, j)})
   		cb.bg_image.blit(img, (chess_x, chess_y))
   		ck_settings.chess_player *= -1
   		# 合计9步开始校验输赢
   		if ck_settings.win_number >= 9:
   			check_stats(ck_settings, (i, j))			
   	else:
   		ck_settings.prompt_info = '已经有其他棋子'
   		
   
   # 检查(i,j)位置是否已占用	
   def check_at(ck_settings, index_coordinates):
   	for item in ck_settings.move_chess:
   		if index_coordinates == item['coord']:
   			return False
   	return True
    
   def check_stats(ck_settings, pos):
   	"""校验四个方向，是否有了输赢"""
   	pos_i, pos_j = pos
   	directs = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)]	# 横、竖、斜、反斜 四个方向检查	
   	for direct in directs:
   		line_checkerboard = []
   		d_x, d_y = direct
    
   		last = ck_settings.move_chess[-1]
   		line_ball = []	# 存放在一条线上的棋子
   		for ball in ck_settings.move_chess:
   			# 跟最后落子判断
   			if ball['type'] == last['type']:
   				x = ball['coord'].x - last['coord'].x 
   				y = ball['coord'].y - last['coord'].y
   				if d_x == 0:
   					if x == 0:
   						line_ball.append(ball['coord'])
   				if d_y == 0:
   					if y == 0:
   						line_ball.append(ball['coord'])
   				if x * d_y == y * d_x:
   					line_ball.append(ball['coord'])
    
   		if len(line_ball) >= 5:	# 只有5子及以上才继续判断
   			sorted_line = sorted(line_ball)
   			for i, item in enumerate(sorted_line): 
   				index = i + 4
   				if index < len(sorted_line):
   					if d_x == 0:
   						y1 = item.y
   						y2 = sorted_line[index].y
   						# 此点和第5个点比较y值，如相差为4则连成5子
   						if abs(y1 - y2) == 4:
   							ck_settings.prompt_info = '黑棋获胜' if last['type'] == 'black' else '白棋获胜'
   					else:
   						x1 = item.x
   						x2 = sorted_line[index].x
   						# 此点和第5个点比较x值，如相差为4则连成5子
   						if abs(x1 - x2) == 4:
   							ck_settings.prompt_info = '黑棋获胜' if last['type'] == 'black' else '白棋获胜'
   				else:
   					break
   		
   # 事件
   def check_events(ck_settings, cb, position):
   	"""监听事件"""
   	for event in pygame.event.get():
   		if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
   			sys.exit()
   		elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
   			# 点击左键
   			if event.button == 1:
   				pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos() # 获取点击实际坐标
   				# 判断是否溢出
   				x_first = cb.checkerboard[0][0].x
   				x_last = cb.checkerboard[ck_settings.number - 1][ck_settings.number - 1].x
   				y_first = cb.checkerboard[0][0].y
   				y_last = cb.checkerboard[ck_settings.number - 1][ck_settings.number - 1].y
   				if pos[0] < x_first or pos[0] > x_last or pos[1] < y_first or pos[1] > y_last:
   					ck_settings.prompt_info = '落子位置不正确！'
   				else:
   					index_coordinates = to_index(ck_settings, pos)
   					update_board(ck_settings, cb, index_coordinates, position)
    
   def to_index(ck_settings, pos):
   	"""实际坐标转换为棋盘下标"""
   	i = round((pos[1] - ck_settings.bd_top) / ck_settings.bd_space)
   	j = round((pos[0] - ck_settings.bd_left) / ck_settings.bd_space)
   	return (i, j)
   

    

5. 新建文件gobang.py，主函数用来初始化程序，并同步更新程序的信息；

   import pygame
   from settings import Settings
   from checkerboard import Checkerboard
   from collections import namedtuple
   import game_functions as gf
   from infopanel import Infopanel
   
   def run_game():
   	"""运行游戏"""
   	# 初始化游戏屏幕
   	pygame.init()
   	# 创建时钟对象 (可以控制游戏循环频率)
   	clock = pygame.time.Clock()
   	# 配置实例化
   	ck_settings = Settings()	
   	screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ck_settings.width, ck_settings.height))
   	pygame.display.set_caption('五子棋游戏')
   	# namedtuple创建类似于元组的数据类型，除了可以用索引访问，能够迭代，还能用属性名访问数据
   	position = namedtuple('Position', ['x', 'y'])
   	# 创建实例
   	cb = Checkerboard(ck_settings, screen, position)
   	
   	# 实例化面板信息
   	infopanel = Infopanel(ck_settings, screen)
   
   	while ck_settings.game_active:
   		# 绘制棋盘
   		cb.draw_board()
   		# 绘制面板信息
   		infopanel.draw_info(ck_settings.prompt_info)
   		# 检查玩家事件并更新棋盘
   		gf.check_events(ck_settings, cb, position)
   		# 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
   		pygame.display.flip()
   
   		# 通过时钟对象指定循环频率
   		clock.tick(60) # 每秒循环60次
   
   run_game()

    

6. 在文件gobang.py目录路径下，执行命令“python gobang.py”弹出窗口，即可对其操作游玩。

结语

该游戏只是实现了基础功能，还有很多可优化的功能：

1.根据实际情况加上更详细的面板信息（比如倒计时等）；

2.加上开始游戏按钮，可参考前面python实例；

3.胜负榜单等，可参考前面python实例。