python安装MySQLdb模块的踩坑之路（mac）
最近python连接mysql需要用到MySQLdb，安装这玩意折腾了我好几个小时，下面就请见证一位python小白的精彩踩坑之旅。
下载MySQL-python
这个很简单吧，参考：http://www.runoob.com/python/python-mysql.html
- 下载 MySQL-python-1.2.4b4.tar.gz
- 执行命令：
$ gunzip MySQL-python-1.2.4b4.tar.gz
$ tar -xvf MySQL-python-1.2.4b4.tar 解压完成，最简单的部分搞定了，踩坑之路开始了
build踩坑系列
- 进入解压路径。执行python setup.py build， 报错403 Forbidden
~/Software/MySQL-python-1.2.4b4 $ python setup.py build
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "setup.py", line 7, in
use_setuptools()
File "/Users/willowzhang/Software/MySQL-python-1.2.4b4/distribute_setup.py", line 145, in use_setuptools
return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)
File "/Users/willowzhang/Software/MySQL-python-1.2.4b4/distribute_setup.py", line 124, in _do_download
to_dir, download_delay)
File "/Users/willowzhang/Software/MySQL-python-1.2.4b4/distribute_setup.py", line 194, in download_setuptools
src = urlopen(url)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 437, in open
response = meth(req, response)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 550, in http_response
'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 475, in error
return self._call_chain(*args)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 558, in http_error_default
raise HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), code, msg, hdrs, fp)
urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden 解决方法： 直接下载报错的 distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz 包到当前路径即可。
下载路径： http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz
问题参考：https://blog.csdn.net/xianglingchuan/article/details/78884368
- 继续 python setup.py build，又报错啦，幸好错误信息不一样的。
~/Software/MySQL-python-1.2.4b4 $ python setup.py build
... ... (省略)
running build_ext
building '_mysql' extension
creating build/temp.macosx-10.13-intel-2.7
cc -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -g -Os -pipe -fno-common -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -DENABLE_DTRACE -DMACOSX -DNDEBUG -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wshorten-64-to-32 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -Os -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -pipe -Dversion_info=(1,2,4,'beta',4) -D__version__=1.2.4b4 -I/usr/local/mysql/include -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.13-intel-2.7/_mysql.o
_mysql.c:44:10: fatal error: 'my_config.h' file not found
#include "my_config.h"
^
1 error generated.
error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1解决方法：怀疑是mysql的配置路径不对，找不到对应文件。编辑 site.cfg 「#mysql_config = /usr/local/bin/mysql_config」 去掉注释， 改成真正的mysql目录 ：「mysql_config = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config」 （这里是我机器上真正的mysql位置）
问题参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/ca0281c96fe4 中间部分
- OK, 继续 python setup.py build，又又报错啦，错误信息还是一样的，所以问题还没解决。
解决方法：原因是因为我的MySQL不是单独安装的，是安装的一个MAMP集成开发环境包，在MAMP中PHP和MySQL的头文件都是没有的，所以会报出这个错误。我们有两种解决方式，一种是重新编译MySQL，一种是单独安装mysq-connector-c，我决定安装mysq-connector-c吧，比较简单。
问题参考： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12218229/my-config-h-file-not-found-when-intall-mysql-python-on-osx-10-8 、https://blog.csdn.net/qw_xingzhe/article/details/52695602
好了，开始安装mysql-connector-c！于是下一波坑又等着我了。
mysql-connector-c踩坑系列
本以为安装这玩意很简单，不就是一句 「brew install mysql-connector-c」 的事情么！万万妹想到啊！
- 执行 brew install mysql-connector-c ，不负众望，也报错啦
~/Software/MySQL-python-1.2.4b4 $ brew install mysql-connector-c
... ... (省略)
---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: /private/tmp/cmake20180910-85154-4ttw00/cmake-3.2.2/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require': no implicit conversion of nil into String (TypeError)
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /usr/local/Library/ENV/4.3/gcc-4.2:4:in `'
READ THIS: https://git.io/brew-troubleshooting
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/open-uri.rb:359:in `open_http': 422 Unprocessable Entity (GitHub::Error)
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/open-uri.rb:737:in `buffer_open'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/open-uri.rb:212:in `block in open_loop'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/open-uri.rb:210:in `catch'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/open-uri.rb:210:in `open_loop'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/open-uri.rb:151:in `open_uri'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/open-uri.rb:717:in `open'
from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/open-uri.rb:31:in `open'
from /usr/local/Library/Homebrew/utils.rb:354:in `open'
from /usr/local/Library/Homebrew/utils.rb:384:in `issues_matching'
from /usr/local/Library/Homebrew/utils.rb:412:in `issues_for_formula'
from /usr/local/Library/Homebrew/exceptions.rb:145:in `fetch_issues'
from /usr/local/Library/Homebrew/exceptions.rb:141:in `issues'
from /usr/local/Library/Homebrew/exceptions.rb:184:in `dump'
from /usr/local/Library/brew.rb:162:in `rescue in '
from /usr/local/Library/brew.rb:65:in `' 解决方法：看到说可能需要更新brew，好吧那应该执行： brew update 就ok了吧。
问题参考： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36386761/error-while-installing-pyqt-v4-8-on-mac
只有想不到，没有不可能！新一轮的坑又来啦！ヽ(｀Д´)ﾉ
- brew update 报错说文件冲突
~/Software/MySQL-python-1.2.4b4 $ brew update
error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:
... ... (省略)
Please commit your changes or stash them before you merge.
Aborting
Error: Failure while executing: git pull -q origin refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master解决方法：怀疑是不是brew版本太老了。不管了，为了搞定这个事情，决定重装brew！
重装brew
斗志在昂扬！！感觉胜利就在前方！！！
重装brew就简单多啦，顺便发现我的xcode也需要更新。
参考： https://github.com/Homebrew/install 、 https://www.jianshu.com/p/bca8fc1ff3f0
- 执行 xcode-select --install（执行完后再测试发现还是不行，看来还是需要更新brew）
- 先卸载旧版本brew ： /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"
- 安装新版本 ： /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
- 尝试： brew install mysql-connector-c 成功！
$ xcode-select --install
$ sudo /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"
$ /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
$ brew install mysql-connector-c
到此，mysql-connector-c终于被我装上了！
最终的踩坑系列
对！你没看看错，装完mysql-connector-c后，回头build又双叒有坑了，今天 我大概 应该买彩票吧。掀桌！
- python setup.py clean 没问题，很欣慰
- python setup.py build 没问题，最后一步了！
- python setup.py install 报错了！我又要激动了！还好是权限问题！_(:з」∠)_
-
sudo python setup.py install 嗯，非常完美，成功辣！撒花庆祝！
兴冲冲地准备用一把MySQLdb，咦？又双叒叕有坑了！ щ(｀□´щ)
- import MySQLdb 报错 image not found
$ python
>>> import MySQLdb
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in
import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.13-intel.egg/_mysql.so, 2): Library not loaded: @rpath/libmysqlclient.21.dylib
Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.13-intel.egg/_mysql.so
Reason: image not found 解决方法：因为lib libmysqlclient.21.dylib 路径的问题，需要修改路径，以下命令可以查看到路径信息：
$ otool -L /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.13-intel.egg/_mysql.so
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.13-intel.egg/_mysql.so:
@rpath/libmysqlclient.21.dylib (compatibility version 21.0.0, current version 21.0.0)
libssl.1.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
libcrypto.1.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1252.50.4)@rpath是什么鬼，我不管我决定改成绝对路径，修改命令如下：
（找到libmysqlclient.21.dylib是在mysql下，绝对路径是 ： /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib）
$ sudo install_name_tool -change @rpath/libmysqlclient.21.dylib /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.13-intel.egg/_mysql.so问题参考： https://www.jianshu.com/p/e196d25a8e31
- 改完继续， import MySQLdb 报错 relative rpath
>>> import MySQLdb
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in
import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.13-intel.egg/_mysql.so, 2): Library not loaded: libssl.1.0.0.dylib
Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.13-intel.egg/_mysql.so
Reason: unsafe use of relative rpath libssl.1.0.0.dylib in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.13-intel.egg/_mysql.so with restricted binary 解决方法：此刻的我已经被折腾的没脾气了，提示说因为用到了不安全的相对路径，肯定是另外几个lib路径的问题！我改！我改还不行么！！ (*´ﾉ皿`)
找到了路径是这俩： /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2p/lib/libssl.1.0.0.dylib /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2p/lib/libcrypto.1.0.0.dylib
执行命令修改路径：
$ sudo install_name_tool -change libssl.1.0.0.dylib /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2p/lib/libssl.1.0.0.dylib /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.13-intel.egg/_mysql.so
$ sudo install_name_tool -change libcrypto.1.0.0.dylib /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2p/lib/libcrypto.1.0.0.dylib /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.13-intel.egg/_mysql.so问题参考：https://blog.csdn.net/yelyyely/article/details/41114449 （找路径的参考）
终于！ import MySQLdb 成功！！！今晚我得大吃一顿！！！！！٩(๑>◡<๑)۶