Python urllib.request.Request发送GET请求、POST请求（带Headers）
问题描述
访问一个接口，需要跳转到另一个接口。
请求方式有GET和POST，且需要带上Headers。
效果
参数正确传回
解决方案
urllib.request.urlopen()可以传数据但无法直接传Headers，因此需要结合urllib.request.Request()
get请求的转发比较麻烦，需要拼接url，并且使用urllib.parse.quote()对中文做特殊处理。
post请求直接转发即可。
代码
index.html
get和post请求传相同的参数，且带中文
<head>
<title>Python带Headers转发GET、POST请求title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js">script>
head>
<body>
<button id="get" type="button">GET请求button>
<br><br>
<button id="post" type="button">POST请求button>
body>
<script>
$("#get").click(function () {
//get请求
console.log("get请求");
var data = {
"name": "XerCis",
"subject": "语文",
"grade": 80
};
var headers = {
'Ts': new Date().getTime()
};
$.ajax({
type: "GET",
url: "/test",
data: data,
headers: headers,
dataType: "json",
contentType: "application/json",
success: function (response) {
console.log(response)
}
});
});
$("#post").click(function () {
//post请求
console.log("post请求");
var data = {
"name": "XerCis",
"subject": "语文",
"grade": 80
};
var headers = {
'Ts': new Date().getTime()
};
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "/test",
data: JSON.stringify(data),
headers: headers,
dataType: "json",
contentType: "application/json",
success: function (response) {
console.log(response)
}
});
});
script>
html>
app1.py
用于转发请求
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author : XerCis
# @Function: 请求转发，相当于中转
import string
from urllib.parse import quote, urljoin
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
import tornado.web
import tornado.ioloop
from tornado.options import define, options
define("port", default=1111, help="运行端口", type=int)
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
self.render("index.html")
class TestHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
'''转发get请求需拼接url'''
data = self.request.arguments
get_params = None # 手动拼接url
for key in data.keys():
if not get_params:
get_params = '?' + key + '=' + data[key][0].decode()
else:
get_params += '&' + key + '=' + data[key][0].decode()
url = "http://localhost:2222/test"
url = urljoin(url, get_params)
url = quote(url, safe=string.printable) # 不加这句参数传中文会出错
headers = self.request.headers
request = Request(url, headers=headers) # 不带data时默认method为GET
response = urlopen(request)
response = response.read()
self.write(response)
def post(self):
url = "http://localhost:2222/test"
data = self.request.body
headers = self.request.headers
request = Request(url, data, headers) # 带data时默认method为POST
response = urlopen(request)
response = response.read()
self.write(response)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = tornado.web.Application(
[
(r"/", MainHandler),
(r"/test", TestHandler),
],
)
app.listen(options.port)
print("http://localhost:{}/".format(options.port))
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
app2.py
真正处理请求的接口
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author : XerCis
# @Function: 处理请求
import tornado.web
import tornado.ioloop
from tornado.options import define, options
define("port", default=2222, help="运行端口", type=int)
class TestHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
name = self.get_argument('name')
subject = self.get_argument('subject')
grade = self.get_argument('grade')
ts = self.request.headers['Ts']
response = {
'name': name,
'subject': subject,
'grade': grade,
'ts': ts
}
self.write(response)
def post(self):
self.write(self.request.body)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = tornado.web.Application(
[
(r"/test", TestHandler),
],
)
app.listen(options.port)
print("【已启动】http://localhost:{}/".format(options.port))
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
参考文献
- python 字典字符串转字典——urllib.request.Request发送get,post请求
- python3 urlopen打开包含中文的url
- urllib.request — Extensible library for opening URLs