多区域OSPF

一..多区域ospf网络类型分骨干区域(area0),非骨干区域,外部区域,以及区域间链路信息。

二.多区域中,出现lsa1—5类链路信息。

OSPF的外部路由分为:类型1(在路由表前缀打“E1”表示)和类型2(在路由表中前缀打“E2”表示)。

四.Ospf区域外部路由“E1”“E2”metric计算区别。

IGP-LAB-OSPF-AREA(多区域)_第1张图片

一.拓扑搭建。

R1

R1(config)#intlo0

R1(config-if)#ipadd1.1.1.1255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#ints0/0

R1(config-if)#ipadd12.1.1.1255.255.255.0

R1(config)#routeros110

R1(config-router)#router-id1.1.1.1

R1(config-router)#network12.1.1.00.0.0.255area1

R1(config-router)#network1.1.1.00.0.0.255area1

R2

R2(config)#intlo0

R2(config-if)#ipadd2.2.2.2255.255.255.0

R2(config)#ints0/0

R2(config-if)#ipadd23.1.1.1255.255.255.0

R2(config)#routeros110

R2(config-if)#ints0/1

R2(config-if)#ipadd12.1.1.2255.255.255.0

R2(config-router)#router-id2.2.2.2

R2(config-router)#network12.1.1.00.0.0.255area1

R2(config-router)#network2.2.2.00.0.0.255area0

R2(config-router)#network23.1.1.00.0.0.255area0

R3

R3(config)#intlo0

R3(config-if)#ipadd3.3.3.3255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#ints0/0

R3(config-if)#ipadd34.1.1.1255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#ints0/1

R3(config-if)#ipadd23.1.1.2255.255.255.0

R3(config)#routeros110

R3(config-router)#router-id3.3.3.3

R3(config-router)#network23.1.1.00.0.0.255area0

R3(config-router)#network3.3.3.00.0.0.255area2

R3(config-router)#network34.1.1.00.0.0.255area2

R4

R4(config)#intlo0

R4(config-if)#ipadd4.4.4.4255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#ints0/1

R4(config-if)#ipadd34.1.1.2255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#ints0/0

R4(config-if)#ipadd45.1.1.1255.255.255.0

R4(config)#routerrip

R4(config-router)#v2

R4(config-router)#network45.0.0.0

R4(config-router)#noauto-summary

R4(config)#routeros110

R4(config-router)#router-id4.4.4.4

R4(config-router)#network34.1.1.00.0.0.255area2

R4(config-router)#network4.4.4.00.0.0.255area2

R4(config)#routeros110

R4(config-router)#redistributeripsubnets

R5

R5(config)#intlo0

R5(config-if)#ipadd5.5.5.5255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#ints0/1

R5(config-if)#ipadd45.1.1.2255.255.255.0

R5(config)#routerrip

R5(config-router)#v2

R5(config-router)#noauto-summary

R5(config-router)#network45.0.0.0

R5(config-router)#network5.0.0.0

R1上查看路由表:

R1#shiproos

34.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OIA34.1.1.0[110/192]via12.1.1.2,00:55:00,Serial0/0

2.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA2.2.2.2[110/65]via12.1.1.2,00:56:12,Serial0/0

3.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA3.3.3.3[110/129]via12.1.1.2,00:55:10,Serial0/0

4.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA4.4.4.4[110/193]via12.1.1.2,00:54:03,Serial0/0

5.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE25.5.5.0[110/20]via12.1.1.2,00:00:01,Serial0/0

23.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OIA23.1.1.0[110/128]via12.1.1.2,00:55:57,Serial0/0

45.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE245.1.1.0[110/20]via12.1.1.2,00:00:01,Serial0/0

注:R1学习到其他区域间链路信息,路由前缀都是打OIAospf区域外的链路信息,路由前缀打OE2

R1查看ospf数据库:

R1#shiposdatabase

OSPFRouterwithID(1.1.1.1)(ProcessID110)

RouterLinkStates(Area1)area0类型LSA1

LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#ChecksumLinkcount

1.1.1.11.1.1.116460x800000040x0065F93

2.2.2.22.2.2.215760x800000030x0096D82

SummaryNetLinkStates(Area1)area1类型LSA3

LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#Checksum

2.2.2.22.2.2.215760x800000020x00F832

3.3.3.32.2.2.215760x800000020x004D99

4.4.4.42.2.2.215760x800000020x00A101

23.1.1.02.2.2.215760x800000020x008A50

34.1.1.02.2.2.215760x800000020x007D12

SummaryASBLinkStates(Area1)area1类型LSA4

LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#Checksum

4.4.4.42.2.2.21980x800000010x008B18

Type-5ASExternalLinkStates无Area类型LSA5

LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#ChecksumTag

5.5.5.04.4.4.42040x800000010x00BAC60

45.1.1.04.4.4.42050x800000010x000D540

注:

1.路由表中前缀打“OIA”路由:

area1中有lsa3链路信息(summary

Linkid中表示是路由信息,而且是其他区域的链路信息,说明R1是通过lsa3学习到其他区域的路由。

Lsa3(summary)ABR产生,描述ABR和某个本地区域的内部路由器之

间的链路信息。

2.路由表中前缀打“OE2”路由:

是通过LSA4学习到,由ASBRR4)产生LSA5类链路信息。

R1是通过R2ABR)路由器学习到其他区域路由信息。

R1#shiposborder-routers

OSPFProcess110internalRoutingTable

Codes:i-Intra-arearoute,I-Inter-arearoute

I4.4.4.4[192]via12.1.1.2,Serial0/0,ASBR,Area1,SPF4

i2.2.2.2[64]via12.1.1.2,Serial0/0,ABR,Area1,SPF4

二.分别查看R1/R2/R3OSPF路由表信息中(45.1.1.0/24)路由条目:

R1路由表:

R1#shiproos

34.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OIA34.1.1.0[110/192]via12.1.1.2,01:30:58,Serial0/0

2.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA2.2.2.2[110/65]via12.1.1.2,01:32:09,Serial0/0

3.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA3.3.3.3[110/129]via12.1.1.2,01:31:08,Serial0/0

4.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA4.4.4.4[110/193]via12.1.1.2,01:30:01,Serial0/0

5.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE25.5.5.0[110/20]via12.1.1.2,00:35:58,Serial0/0

23.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OIA23.1.1.0[110/128]via12.1.1.2,01:31:54,Serial0/0

45.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE245.1.1.0[110/20]via12.1.1.2,00:35:58,Serial0/0

R2路由表:

R2#shiproos

34.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OIA34.1.1.0[110/128]via23.1.1.2,01:31:07,Serial0/0

1.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

O1.1.1.1[110/65]via12.1.1.1,01:32:19,Serial0/1

3.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA3.3.3.3[110/65]via23.1.1.2,01:31:17,Serial0/0

4.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA4.4.4.4[110/129]via23.1.1.2,01:30:10,Serial0/0

5.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE25.5.5.0[110/20]via23.1.1.2,00:36:08,Serial0/0

45.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE245.1.1.0[110/20]via23.1.1.2,00:36:08,Serial0/0

R3路由表:

R3#shiproos

1.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA1.1.1.1[110/129]via23.1.1.1,00:36:20,Serial0/1

2.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

O2.2.2.2[110/65]via23.1.1.1,01:31:15,Serial0/1

4.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

O4.4.4.4[110/65]via34.1.1.2,00:36:20,Serial0/0

5.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE25.5.5.0[110/20]via34.1.1.2,00:36:20,Serial0/0

12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OIA12.1.1.0[110/128]via23.1.1.1,00:36:20,Serial0/1

45.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE245.1.1.0[110/20]via34.1.1.2,00:36:20,Serial0/0

注:都是学习到同一外部路由,并且metric一样“20”,说明由R5过来外部路由“E2类型”metric=20,路由路径上不做累加。

可以通过命令R4(config-router)#redistributeripsubnetsmetric-type2metric(0-16777214)修改E2类型metric值。

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三.R4上,把rip重分布ospf中外部路由类型改成“E1”

R4

R4(config)#routeros110

R4(config-router)#redistributeripmetric-type1

分别在R1/R2/R3查看ospf路由表信息:

R1:

R1#shiproospf

34.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OIA34.1.1.0[110/192]via12.1.1.2,01:50:58,Serial0/0

2.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA2.2.2.2[110/65]via12.1.1.2,01:52:09,Serial0/0

3.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA3.3.3.3[110/129]via12.1.1.2,01:51:08,Serial0/0

4.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA4.4.4.4[110/193]via12.1.1.2,01:50:01,Serial0/0

5.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE15.5.5.0[110/212]via12.1.1.2,00:00:50,Serial0/0

23.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OIA23.1.1.0[110/128]via12.1.1.2,01:51:54,Serial0/0

45.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE145.1.1.0[110/212]via12.1.1.2,00:00:49,Serial0/0

R2:

R2#shiproospf

34.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OIA34.1.1.0[110/128]via23.1.1.2,01:51:10,Serial0/0

1.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

O1.1.1.1[110/65]via12.1.1.1,01:52:22,Serial0/1

3.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA3.3.3.3[110/65]via23.1.1.2,01:51:20,Serial0/0

4.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA4.4.4.4[110/129]via23.1.1.2,01:50:14,Serial0/0

5.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE15.5.5.0[110/148]via23.1.1.2,00:01:02,Serial0/0

45.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE145.1.1.0[110/148]via23.1.1.2,00:01:02,Serial0/0

R3:

R3#shiproos

1.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

OIA1.1.1.1[110/129]via23.1.1.1,00:56:26,Serial0/1

2.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

O2.2.2.2[110/65]via23.1.1.1,01:51:21,Serial0/1

4.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnets

O4.4.4.4[110/65]via34.1.1.2,00:56:26,Serial0/0

5.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE15.5.5.0[110/84]via34.1.1.2,00:01:13,Serial0/0

12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OIA12.1.1.0[110/128]via23.1.1.1,00:56:26,Serial0/1

45.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

OE145.1.1.0[110/84]via34.1.1.2,00:01:13,Serial0/0

注:ospf外部路由E1类型,是由路由路径入方向metric累加值。

(R3metric=20+R3S0/0的COST),以此知道到R2累加个R2S0/0的cost,到R1再累加R1S0/0的cost值。

同样可以通过命令可以通过命令R4(config-router)#redistributeripsubnetsmetric-type1metric(0-16777214)修改“E1metric的。