11.1-On Writing Well

5 The Audience    6 Words

Expressions

Other old writers ramble and repeat themselves; their style is the tip-off that they have turned into garrulous bores.

tip off  给…通风报信;暗中告知  这里是名词tip-off 举报;密告

(informal)secret information that sb gives, for example to the police, to warn them about an illegal activity that is going to happen

例句»The man was arrested after an anonymous tip-off.

有人匿名举报后,那个人被抓了起来。

Later, as a man in the country, I had my old friends in town to reckon with, most of whom regarded the hen as a comic prop straight out of vaudeville.

comic prop  喜剧道具    vaudeville  歌舞杂耍表演

维基百科:Prop comedy is a comedy genre in which performers use humorous objects, or conventional objects in humorous ways.

They were all hot for Genesis, but their faces were too florid to belong to teetotalers.

hot 很多延伸意思,还是很丰富的,这里我理解为狂热或熟知的意思

比如•I'm not too hot on Russian history.我对俄罗斯的历史所知不多。

Genesis 开端;创始;起源the beginning or origin of sth 这里指-圣经的《创世纪》

florid  这里的意思是(of a person's face 人脸)红润的:»a florid complexion红润的脸色

另一个意思(usually disapproving) having too much decoration or detail 过分装饰的;过多修饰的:

»florid language辞藻堆砌的言语

An occasional short sentence can carry a tremendous punch.

这里的punch吸引力的意思,[U] the power to interest people

例句»It's a well-constructed crime story, told with speed and punch.

这篇描写犯罪的故事构思精巧,情节紧凑,引人入胜。

Thoughts

1.作者自问自答地引导我们,"Who am I writing for?“你在为谁写作?答案是为自己而写作,不要为了迎合读者而苦恼。作者还提到两个问题,一是技巧。包括文章用词结构,简化修改句子等等。二是态度,运用技巧表达自己的个性,要忠实于自己。

杨震也说,写作与思考是一回事。写作不是因为“文以载道”,不是“影响他人”,写作只不过是思想的自我实现。任何以“他人”为出发点的写作都是误区。写作的第一个和最后一个读者都是自己。文字不是被“他人”阅读,而是被这个或那个“自我”阅读。文字是意识之镜,所看到的他者都是自我,所有的发现都是自我发现。

表达出真实自己的个性,能有所共鸣的目标读者自然就会吸引过来。不过有时要根据特定目标客户或读者去写作,那就不一样了。这时的写作像是传递信息:先要考虑先给他们一个目标,然后再告诉他们抵达目标的方向,才能以最高效的方式传递信息给对方。


2.You'll never make your mark as a writer unless you develop a respect for words and a curiosity about their shades of meaning that is almost obsessive.

词语:用词谨慎,精确,如果你不培养一种对词语语义的细微差别的着迷的兴趣,就不可能成为好的的作家。并且选词的时候要注意词的节奏和韵律感。想想那些流传千年的诗句不也是如此吗?养成使用词典的习惯。还有,写作学自模仿。多读现今作者的书,也读前辈大师的书。

关于用词,好的写作能擦拭掉词语表面的尘垢,将它从陈词滥调中解放,还给当下的经验。

福楼拜也说,不论一个作家所要描写的东西是什么,只有一个名词可供他使用,用一个动词要使对象生动,一个形容词要使对象的性质鲜明。因此就得用心去寻找,直至找到那一个名词,那一个动词和那一个形容词

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