python连接sql server数据库实现增删改查
1）基本语法
import
pymssql server =
"187.32.43.13" # 连接服务器地址
user =
"root" # 连接帐号
password =
"1234" # 连接密码
conn = pymssql.connect(server, user, password,
"连接默认数据库名称"
) #获取连接
cursor = conn.cursor() # 获取光标
# 创建表
cursor.execute(
"""IF OBJECT_ID('persons', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE personsCREATE TABLE persons ( id INT NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(100), salesrep VARCHAR(100), PRIMARY KEY(id))"""
)
# 插入多行数据
cursor.executemany(
"INSERT INTO persons VALUES (%d, %s, %s)"
,
[(1,
'John Smith'
,
'John Doe'
),
(2,
'Jane Doe'
,
'Joe Dog'
),
(3,
'Mike T.'
,
'Sarah H.'
)])
# 你必须调用 commit() 来保持你数据的提交如果你没有将自动提交设置为true
conn.commit()
# 查询数据
cursor.execute(
'SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s'
,
'John Doe'
)
# 遍历数据（存放到元组中） 方式1
row = cursor.fetchone()
while
row:
print
(
"ID=%d, Name=%s"
% (row[0], row[1]))
row = cursor.fetchone()
# 遍历数据（存放到元组中） 方式2
for row in cursor:
print('row = %r' % (row,))
# 遍历数据（存放到字典中）
cursor = conn.cursor(as_dict=True)
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')
for row in cursor:
print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name']))
conn.close() # 关闭连接
# 注：在任何时候，在一个连接下，一次正在执行的数据库操作只会出现一个cursor对象
2）同时，如果你可以使用另一种语法：with 来避免手动关闭cursors和connection连接
import
pymssql server =
"187.32.43.13"
# 连接服务器地址
user =
"root"
# 连接帐号
password =
"1234"
# 连接密码
with pymssql.connect(server, user, password,
"你的连接默认数据库名称"
) as conn:
with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor:
# 数据存放到字典中
cursor.execute(
'SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s'
,
'John Doe'
)
for
row
in
cursor:
print
(
"ID=%d, Name=%s"
% (row[
'id'
], row[
'name'
]))
3）调用存储过程：
with pymssql.connect(server, user, password,
"tempdb"
) as conn:
with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor:
cursor.execute(
"""CREATE PROCEDURE FindPerson @name VARCHAR(100) AS BEGIN SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = @name END """
)
cursor.callproc('FindPerson', ('Jane Doe',))
for
row
in
cursor:
print
(
"ID=%d, Name=%s"
% (row[
'id'
], row[
'name'
]))
2.使用
_mssql连接sql server数据库并实现操作（官方api http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/ref/_mssql.html）
1）基本语法：
import
_mssql
# 创建连接
conn = _mssql.connect(server=
'SQL01'
, user=
'user'
, password=
'password'
, \ database=
'mydatabase'
)
print(conn.timeout)
print(conn.login_timeout)
# 创建table
conn.execute_non_query(
'CREATE TABLE persons(id INT, name VARCHAR(100))'
)
# insert数据
conn.execute_non_query(
"INSERT INTO persons VALUES(1, 'John Doe')"
)conn.execute_non_query(
"INSERT INTO persons VALUES(2, 'Jane Doe')"
)
# 查询操作
conn.execute_query(
'SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s'
,
'John Doe'
)
for
row
in
conn:
print
"ID=%d, Name=%s"
% (row[
'id'
], row[
'name'
])
#查询数量count()
numemployees = conn.execute_scalar(
"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees"
)
# 查询一条数据
employeedata = conn.execute_row(
"SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id=%d"
, 13)
# 带参数查询的几个例子：
conn.execute_query(
'SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id=%d'
, 13)conn.execute_query(
'SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name=%s'
,
'JohnDoe'
)
conn.execute_query(
'SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)'
, ((5, 6),))
conn.execute_query(
'SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name LIKE %s'
,
'J%'
)
conn.execute_query(
'SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name=%(name)s AND city=%(city)s'
, \ {
'name'
:
'John Doe'
,
'city'
:
'Nowhere'
} )
conn.execute_query(
'SELECT * FROM cust WHERE salesrep=%s AND id IN (%s)'
, \ (
'John Doe'
, (1, 2, 3)))
conn.execute_query(
'SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)'
, (tuple(xrange(4)),))conn.execute_query(
'SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)'
, \ (tuple([3, 5, 7, 11]),))
#关闭连接
conn.close()
附python的具体实现
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
from
__future__
import
with_statement
from
contextlib
import
closing
import
inspect
import
pymssql
import
uuid
import
datetime
#查询操作
with closing(pymssql.connect(host
=
'localhost'
,user
=
'sa'
,password
=
'pppp'
,database
=
'blogs'
)) as conn :
cur
=
conn.cursor()
#SELECT 长连接查询操作（逐条方式获取数据）
sql
=
"select * from pcontent"
cur.execute(sql)
for
i
in
range
(cur.rowcount):
print
cur.fetchone()
#SELECT 短链接查询操作（一次查询将所有数据取出）
sql
=
"select * from pcontent"
cur.execute(sql)
print
cur.fetchall()
#INSERT
sql
=
"INSERT INTO pcontent(title)VAlUES(%s)"
uuidstr
=
str
(uuid.uuid1())
cur.execute(sql,(uuidstr,))
conn.commit()
print
cur._result
#INSERT 获取IDENTITY（在插入一个值，希望获得主键的时候经常用到，很不优雅的方式）
sql
=
"INSERT INTO pcontent(title)VAlUES(%s);SELECT @@IDENTITY"
uuidstr
=
str
(uuid.uuid1())
cur.execute(sql,(uuidstr,))
print
"arraysite:"
,cur.arraysize
print
cur._result[
1
][
2
][
0
][
0
]
#不知道具体的做法，目前暂时这样使用
conn.commit()
#Update
vl
=
'中国'
sql
=
'update pcontent set title = %s where id=1'
cur.execute(sql,(vl,))
conn.commit()
#参数化查询这个是为了避免SQL攻击的
sql
=
"select * from pcontent where id=%d"
cur.execute(sql,(
1
,))
print
cur.fetchall()
# 调用存储过程SP_GetALLContent 无参数
sql
=
"Exec SP_GetALLContent"
cur.execute(sql)
print
cur.fetchall()
# 调用存储过程SP_GetContentByID 有参数的
sql
=
"Exec SP_GetContentByID %d"
cur.execute(sql,(
3
,))
print
cur.fetchall()
#调用存储过程SP_AddContent 有output参数的(很不优雅的方式)
sql
=
"DECLARE @ID INT;EXEC SP_AddContent 'ddddd',@ID OUTPUT;SELECT @ID"
cur.execute(sql)
print
cur._result