centos 7 安装postgresql

系统

[root@reg dev-flows-api-golang]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 

安装

1.安装rpm包，打开链接https://yum.postgresql.org/repopackages.php，找到符合自己系统的包，例如CentOS 7 - x86_64

yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/9.6/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgdg-centos96-9.6-3.noarch.rpm -y

yum install -y postgresql96-server postgresql96-contrib -y

初始化数据库

[root@i-zq8y5vs8 ~]# /usr/pgsql-9.6/bin/postgresql96-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK

启动服务

systemctl start postgresql-9.6
systemctl enable postgresql-9.6

（如果未安装firewalld防火墙可跳过这一步）

firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql --permanent 
firewall-cmd --reload

修改默认PostgreSQL用户密码

[root@i-zq8y5vs8 ~]# su - postgres
-bash-4.2$ psql -U postgres
psql (9.6.9)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# 
postgres=# ALTER USER postgres with encrypted password 'xboU58vQbAbN';
ALTER ROLE
postgres=# \l
                                  List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges   
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)

创建用户，数据库，以及赋予权限给特定的用户

-bash-4.2$ psql
psql (9.6.9)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# CREATE USER tcepaas WITH PASSWORD 'xboU58vQbAbN';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE tenxcloud_2_0 OWNER tcepaas;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE tenxcloud_2_0 TO tcepaas;
GRANT
postgres=# \q
-bash-4.2$ exit
logout
[root@i-zq8y5vs8 ~]# sudo adduser tcepaas
[root@i-zq8y5vs8 ~]# sudo passwd tcepaas
Changing password for user tcepaas.
New password: 
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@i-zq8y5vs8 ~]# su - tcepaas
[tcepaas@i-zq8y5vs8 ~]$ ps
ps             ps2pdf         ps2pdf14       ps2ps2         psfgettable    psktool        pstree         
ps2ascii       ps2pdf12       ps2pdfwr       psed           psfstriptable  psql           pstree.x11     
ps2epsi        ps2pdf13       ps2ps          psfaddtable    psfxtable      pstack         pstruct        
[tcepaas@i-zq8y5vs8 ~]$ psql -d tenxcloud_2_0
psql (9.6.9)
Type "help" for help.

tenxcloud_2_0=> \l
                                    List of databases
     Name      |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges   
---------------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 postgres      | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 
 template0     | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
               |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1     | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
               |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 tenxcloud_2_0 | tcepaas  | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =Tc/tcepaas          +
               |          |          |             |             | tcepaas=CTc/tcepaas
(4 rows)

开启远程访问权限以及赋给特定IP的访问权限
要不然会报相关的错误如下图

cd /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data
vi pg_hba.conf

....
# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all             all                                     peer
# IPv4 local connections:
host    tenxcloud_2_0   tcepaas         10.39.0.119/32         trust
host    all             all             0.0.0.0/32            md5
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all             all             ::1/128                 ident
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
#local   replication     postgres                                peer
#host    replication     postgres        127.0.0.1/32            ident
#host    replication     postgres        ::1/128                 ident


vi /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/postgresql.conf
...
# - Connection Settings -

listen_addresses = '*'      # what IP address(es) to listen on;
                    # comma-separated list of addresses;
                    # defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
...

安装完成

用法

列出当前数据库所有表

\dt

列出表名
SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables;
WHERE tablename NOT LIKE ‘pg%’
AND tablename NOT LIKE ‘sql_%’
ORDER BY tablename;

列出数据库名

\l

或

SELECT datname FROM pg_database;

切换数据库

\c 数据库名

1、通过命令行查询

 \d 数据库 —— 得到所有表的名字
    \d 表名 —— 得到表结构

2、通过SQL语句查询

  "select * from pg_tables" —— 得到当前db中所有表的信息（这里pg_tables是系统视图）
    "select tablename from pg_tables where schemaname='public'" —— 得到所有用户自定义表的名字（这里"tablename"字段是表的名字，"schemaname"是schema的名字。用户自定义的表，如果未经特殊处理，默认都是放在名为public的schema下）

当 DROP DATABAS your_target_database; 提示有session占用时, 用此方法 删除

参考:
CentOS7安装并配置PostgreSQL
命令行方式登录PostgreSQL、创建用户和数据库并赋权
PostgreSQ 连接问题 FATAL: no pg_hba.conf entry for host