java注解与反射(代码)

注解

  1. 注解入门
  2. 内置注解
  3. 自定义注解,元注解

什么是注解

Annotation是从JDK5.0开始

例如:@Override 重新的注解

内置注解

public class Test01 extends Object{
    //Override 重新的注解
    @Override
    public String toString(){
        return super.toString();
    }
    //@Deprecated不推荐程序员使用的注解
    @Deprecated
    public static void test()
    {
        System.out.println("Deprecated");
    }
    //镇压警告
    @SuppressWarnings("all")
    public void test01(){
        List list=new ArrayList();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test();
    }
}

元注解

元注解:@Target(用于描述注解使用范围),@Retention(表示什么级别的注解信息),@Documented(注解将被包含在javadoc中),@Inherited(子类可以继承分类中的注解)

@MyAnnotation
public class Test01 extends Object{
    @MyAnnotation
    public void test(){
    }
}
//定义一个注解
//@Target(用于描述注解使用范围)
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@interface MyAnnotation{}

自定义注解(@interface)

反射机制

  1. java反射机制概述
  2. 了解Class类并获取Class实例
  3. 类的加载与ClassLoader
  4. 创建运行时类的对象
  5. 获取运行时类的完整结构
  6. 调用运行时类的指定结构

静态VS动态语言

动态语言是运行时可以改变其结构的语言例如:js,php等

静态语言对应的就是运行时不可以改变其结构的语言例如:c++、java

java Reflection(反射)

Reflection(反射)是java被视为动态语言的关键

反射机制优点和缺点

优点:

可以实习动态创建对象和编译,体现出很大的灵活性

缺点:

对性能有影响

反射相关的主要API

java.lang.Class :代表一个类

java.lang.reflect.Method:代表类的方法

java.lang.reflect.Field:代表类的成员变量

java.lang.reflect.Constructor:代表类的构造器

//什么叫反射
public class Test01 {
    //通过反射获取的class对象
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        Class c1=Class.forName("com.maple.annotation.User");
        System.out.println(c1);
        Class c2=Class.forName("com.maple.annotation.User");
        Class c3=Class.forName("com.maple.annotation.User");
        Class c4=Class.forName("com.maple.annotation.User");
        //一个类在内存中只有一个Class对象
        //一个类被加载后,类的整个结构都会被封装在Class对象中。
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
    }
}
//实体类:pojo
class User{
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    private String name;
    private int id;
    private int age;
    public User(){}

    public User(String name, int id, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

Class类

Class类的常用方法

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//测试Class类创建方式
public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException{
        Person person =new Student();
        System.out.println("这个人是:"+person.name);

        //方式1:通过对象获取
        Class c1=person.getClass();
        System.out.println(c1.hashCode());

        //方式2:forname获取
        Class c2 = Class.forName("com.maple.annotation.Student");
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        //方式3:通过类名.class获取
        Class c3=Student.class;
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());

        //方式4:基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
        Class c4=Integer.TYPE;
        System.out.println(c4);

        //获得父类类型
        Class c5=c1.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(c5);
    }
}
class Person{
    public String name;
    public Person(){}
    public Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
class Student extends Person{
    public Student(){
        this.name="学生";
    }
}
class Teacher extends Person{
    public Teacher(){
        this.name="老师";

    }
}

获取运行时类

//获取类信息
public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
        Class c1=Class.forName("com.maple.annotation.User");
        //获得类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getName());//获得类名+包名
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//获得类名
        //获得类的属性
        Field[] fields= c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性
        fields= c1.getDeclaredFields();//找到全部属性
        for (Field field:fields)
        {
            System.out.println(field);
        }
        //获得指定属性的值
        Field name= c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        System.out.println(name);
        //获得类的方法
        System.out.println("=========================");
        Method[] method = c1.getMethods();//获得本类及父类的全部方法
        for (Method method1 : method) {
            System.out.println("正常的"+method1);
        }
        method=c1.getDeclaredMethods();  //获取本类全部方法
        for (Method method1 : method) {
            System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods"+method1);
        }
        //获得指定方法
        Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
        System.out.println(getName);
        //获得指定的构造器
        System.out.println("=========================");
        Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }
    }
}
class User{
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    private String name;
    private int id;
    private int age;
    public User(){}

    public User(String name, int id, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

通过Class调用

//通过反射创建动态对象
public class Test02 {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
        //获取Class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.maple.annotation.User");
        //构造一个对象
        User user=(User)c1.newInstance();//需要一个无参构造器
        System.out.println(user);
        //通过构造器创造对象
        Constructor constructor = c1.getConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
        User xiangmong = (User)constructor.newInstance("xiangmong", 001, 18);
        System.out.println(xiangmong);
        // 通过反射调用普通方法
        User user3 = (User)c1.newInstance();
        //通过反射获取一个方法
        Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
        //invoke:激活的意思
        //(对象,"方法的值")
        setName.invoke(user3,"香茗");
        System.out.println(user3.getName());
        //通过反射操作属性
        User user4 = (User)c1.newInstance();
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");

        //不能直接操作私有属性
        //需要关闭程序的安全监测,属性或方法的setAccessible(true) 
        name.setAccessible(true);
        name.set(user4,"xiaoming");
        System.out.println(user4.getName());

    }
}

反射操作注解

  • getAnnotations
  • getAnnotation

练习:ORM(对象关系映射)

public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.maple.annotation.Student");
        //通过反射获得注解
        Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            System.out.println(annotation);
        }
        //获得注解的value值
        Table table  = (Table)c1.getAnnotation(Table.class);
        String value=table.value();
        System.out.println(value);
        //获得类指定的注解
        Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("id");
        Fieid annotation = f.getAnnotation(Fieid.class);
        System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
        System.out.println(annotation.length());
        System.out.println(annotation.type());
    }
}
@Table("db_student")
class Student{
    @Fieid(columnName = "db_id",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int id;
    @Fieid(columnName = "db_age",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int age;
    @Fieid(columnName = "db_name",type = "varchar",length = 3)
    private String name;
    public Student() {
    }
    public Student(int id, int age, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Table{
    String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Fieid{
    String columnName();
    String type();
    int length();
}

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