Kickstart 实现Centos系统的批量自动部署

环境：

Centos 6.8服务器一台，提供FTP、DHCP和镜像安装源

未安装系统的客户机一台

步骤：

1、关闭Selinux、firewall

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config                    

SELINUX=enforcing     ###将enforcing 修改为disable

[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop                                           ###停止防止墙服务

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig iptables off                                          ###关闭开机自启

2、关闭NetworkManger

[root@localhost ~]# service NetworkManager stop                           ###停止NetworkManger服务
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig NetworkManager off                         ###禁止NetworkManger开机自动

3、安装DHCP服务并配置

配置好YUM源

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y dhcp

[root@localhost ~]# cp -p /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf"？

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# dhcpd.conf
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
#

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;

next-server 192.168.1.11;

filename “pxelinux.0”;

default-lease-time 86400;
max-lease-time 86400;

# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
#ddns-update-style none;

# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;

# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;

# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.

subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
}

# This is a very basic subnet declaration.

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
   range 192.168.1.20  192.168.1.100;
   option routers 192.168.1.1;
}

[root@localhost dhcp]# service dhcpd restart
正在启动 dhcpd：                                           [确定]
[root@localhost dhcp]# chkconfig dhcpd on

4、安装ftp服务并配置

[root@localhost /]# yum install -y tftp-server  xinetd vsftpd

[root@localhost /]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
         socket_type             = dgram
         protocol                = udp
         wait                    = yes
         user                    = root
         server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
         server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
         disable                 = no                                                                          ####此处将原来的yes改为no
         per_source              = 11
         cps                     = 100 2
         flags                   = IPv4
}
                 

[root@localhost /]# service xinetd start
正在启动 xinetd：                                          [确定]
[root@localhost /]# chkconfig xinetd on

[root@localhost /]# service vsftpd start
为 vsftpd 启动 vsftpd：                                 [确定]

[root@localhost /]# chkconfig vsftpd on

5、安装syslinux、system-config-kickstart

syslinux 提供pxenux.0软件

system-config-kickstart 提供kickstart 软件

[root@localhost /]# yum install -y syslinux system-config-kickstart

6、拷贝相应文件并创建pxlinux.cfg文件

[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@localhost /]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/                
[root@localhost /]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost /]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/boot.cat /var/lib/tftpboot/                
[root@localhost /]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/boot.msg /var/lib/tftpboot/                
[root@localhost /]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/vesamenu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost /]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/splash.jpg /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost /]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/isolinux.bin /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost /]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/memtest /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost /]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/TRANS.TBL /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost /]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/

vmlinuz：内核，提供驱动和识别代码

initrd.img：提供根镜像底部命令

boot.cat:菜单格式

boot.msg:菜单消息

vesamenju.c32:菜单颜色

splash.jgp:菜单背景

isolinux.bin:GRUB引导程序的前身

memtest:内存检测

TRANS.TBL:

pxelinux.0:pxeclient用于提供给pxelinux.0做程序交接

[root@localhost /]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[root@localhost /]# cp -p /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot//pxelinux.cfg/default

[root@localhost /]# vi /var/lib/tftpboot//pxelinux.cfg/default

default vesamenu.c32
#prompt 1
timeout 600                                                        ####此处为启动菜单等待操作时间，默认为60S

display boot.msg

menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.8!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000

label linux

  menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
   menu default
   kernel vmlinuz
   append initrd=initrd.img   ks=ftp://192.168.1.11/ks/s.cfg             #### ks配置文件存放位置                                              
label vesa
   menu label Install system with ^basic video driver
   kernel vmlinuz
   append initrd=initrd.img nomodeset
label rescue
   menu label ^Rescue installed system
   kernel vmlinuz
   append initrd=initrd.img rescue
label local
   menu label Boot from ^local drive
   localboot 0xffff
label memtest86
   menu label ^Memory test
   kernel memtest
   append -

[root@localhost /]# chmod 777 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

7、配置kickstart应答文件并配置

[root@localhost /]# system-config-kickstart

[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/cdrom /var/ftp/pub

[root@localhost /]# mkdir  /var/ftp/ks

[root@localhost /]# cp /root/ks.cfg /var/ftp/ks/

[root@localhost /]# chmod 777 /var/ftp/ks/ks.cfg

[root@localhost /]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default | grep ks
   append initrd=initrd.img ks=ftp://192.168.1.11/ks/ks.cfg

8、客户机开机