原文地址: https://my.oschina.net/OutOfMemory/blog/1068972
前言
最近生产环境有个老项目一直内存报警,不时的还出现内存泄漏,导致需要重启服务器,已经严重影响正常服务了。
分析
1.dump内存文件
liunx使用如下命令:
./jmap -dump:format=b,file=heap.hprof pid
2.使用Eclipse Memory Analysis进行分析
异常如下:
t org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow.(Lorg/openxmlformats/schemas/spreadsheetml/x2006/main/CTRow;Lorg/apache/poi/xssf/usermodel/XSSFSheet;)V (XSSFRow.java:68)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet.initRows(Lorg/openxmlformats/schemas/spreadsheetml/x2006/main/CTWorksheet;)V (XSSFSheet.java:157)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet.read(Ljava/io/InputStream;)V (XSSFSheet.java:132)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet.onDocumentRead()V (XSSFSheet.java:119)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook.onDocumentRead()V (XSSFWorkbook.java:222)
at org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocument.load(Lorg/apache/poi/POIXMLFactory;)V (POIXMLDocument.java:200)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook.(Ljava/io/InputStream;)V (XSSFWorkbook.java:179)
POI在加载Excel引发了内存泄漏,中间创建了大量的对象,占用了大量的内存
3.查看上传的Excel大小
经查看发现很多Excel大小在9M的文件
4.查看代码POI读取Excel的方式
发现使用的是用户模式,这样会占用大量的内存;POI提供了2中读取Excel的模式,分别是:
用户模式:也就是poi下的usermodel有关包,它对用户友好,有统一的接口在ss包下,但是它是把整个文件读取到内存中的,
对于大量数据很容易内存溢出,所以只能用来处理相对较小量的数据;
事件模式:在poi下的eventusermodel包下,相对来说实现比较复杂,但是它处理速度快,占用内存少,可以用来处理海量的Excel数据。
经上面分析基本可以确定问题出在使用POI的用户模式去读取Excel大文件,导致内存泄漏。
本地重现
下面模拟一个600kb大小的Excel(test.xlsx),分别用两种模式读取,然后观察内存波动;
1.需要引入的库maven:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poigroupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxmlartifactId>
<version>3.6version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.syncthemallgroupId>
<artifactId>boilerpipeartifactId>
<version>1.2.1version>
dependency>
dependencies>
2.用户模式代码如下:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
public class UserModel {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println("start read");
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
try {
Workbook wb = null;
File file = new File("D:/test.xlsx");
InputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
wb = new XSSFWorkbook(fis);
Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
for (Row row : sheet) {
for (Cell cell : row) {
System.out.println("row:" + row.getRowNum() + ",cell:" + cell.toString());
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3.事件模式代码如下:
import java.io.InputStream;
import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.eventusermodel.XSSFReader;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.model.SharedStringsTable;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRichTextString;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.ContentHandler;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLReaderFactory;
public class EventModel {
public void processOneSheet(String filename) throws Exception {
OPCPackage pkg = OPCPackage.open(filename);
XSSFReader r = new XSSFReader(pkg);
SharedStringsTable sst = r.getSharedStringsTable();
XMLReader parser = fetchSheetParser(sst);
InputStream sheet2 = r.getSheet("rId1");
InputSource sheetSource = new InputSource(sheet2);
parser.parse(sheetSource);
sheet2.close();
}
public XMLReader fetchSheetParser(SharedStringsTable sst) throws SAXException {
XMLReader parser = XMLReaderFactory.createXMLReader("org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser");
ContentHandler handler = new SheetHandler(sst);
parser.setContentHandler(handler);
return parser;
}
private static class SheetHandler extends DefaultHandler {
private SharedStringsTable sst;
private String lastContents;
private boolean nextIsString;
private SheetHandler(SharedStringsTable sst) {
this.sst = sst;
}
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String name, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
if (name.equals("c")) {
System.out.print(attributes.getValue("r") + " - ");
String cellType = attributes.getValue("t");
if (cellType != null && cellType.equals("s")) {
nextIsString = true;
} else {
nextIsString = false;
}
}
lastContents = "";
}
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String name) throws SAXException {
if (nextIsString) {
int idx = Integer.parseInt(lastContents);
lastContents = new XSSFRichTextString(sst.getEntryAt(idx)).toString();
nextIsString = false;
}
if (name.equals("v")) {
System.out.println(lastContents);
}
}
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
lastContents += new String(ch, start, length);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println("start read");
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
EventModel example = new EventModel();
example.processOneSheet("D:/test.xlsx");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
}
具体代码来源:http://poi.apache.org/spreadsheet/how-to.html#xssf_sax_api
4.设置VM arguments:-Xms100m -Xmx100m
UserModel运行结果直接报OutOfMemoryError,如下所示:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: GC overhead limit exceeded
at java.lang.String.substring(String.java:1877)
at org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellReference.separateRefParts(CellReference.java:353)
at org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellReference.<init>(CellReference.java:87)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCell.<init>(XSSFCell.java:105)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow.<init>(XSSFRow.java:68)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet.initRows(XSSFSheet.java:157)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet.read(XSSFSheet.java:132)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet.onDocumentRead(XSSFSheet.java:119)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook.onDocumentRead(XSSFWorkbook.java:222)
at org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocument.load(POIXMLDocument.java:200)
at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook.<init>(XSSFWorkbook.java:179)
at zh.excelTest.UserModel.main(UserModel.java:23)
EventModel可以正常运行,使用Java VisualVM监控结果如下:
UserModel模式下读取600kbExcel文件直接内存溢出,看了600kbExcel文件映射到内存中还是占用了不少内存;EventModel模式下可以流畅的运行。
5.设置VM arguments:-Xms200m -Xmx200m
UserModel可以正常运行,使用Java VisualVM监控结果如下:
EventModel可以正常运行,使用Java VisualVM监控结果如下:
UserModel模式和EventModel模式都可以正常运行,但是很明显UserModel模式回收内存更加频繁,而且在cpu的占用上更高。
总结
通过简单的分析以及本地运行两种模式进行比较,可以看到UserModel模式下使用的简单的代码实现了读取,但是在读取大文件时CPU和内存都不理想;
而EventModel模式虽然代码写起来比较繁琐,但是在读取大文件时CPU和内存更加占优。
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