用scrapy写爬虫(二)保存数据到MySql数据库

开始爬取

创建Spider,上一篇我们已经创建了ImoocSpider,我们做一下修改,可以连续下一页爬取。 scrapyDemo/spiders目录下的ImoocSpider类:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import scrapy
from urllib import parse as urlparse
from scrapyDemo.ImoocCourseItem import ImoocCourseItem


# 慕课网爬取
class ImoocSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    # spider的名字定义了Scrapy如何定位(并初始化)spider,所以其必须是唯一的
    name = "imooc"

    # URL列表
    start_urls = ['http://www.imooc.com/course/list']
    #  域名不在列表中的URL不会被爬取。
    allowed_domains = ['www.imooc.com']

    def parse(self, response):
        learn_nodes = response.css('a.course-card')

        item = ImoocCourseItem()
        # 遍历该页上所有课程列表
        for learn_node in learn_nodes:
            course_url = learn_node.css("::attr(href)").extract_first()
            # 拼接课程详情页地址
            course_url = urlparse.urljoin(response.url, course_url)
            # 课程地址
            item['course_url'] = course_url
            # 课程图片
            item['image'] = learn_node.css(
                "img.course-banner::attr(src)").extract_first()
            # 进入课程详情页面
            yield scrapy.Request(
                url=course_url, callback=self.parse_learn, meta=item)

        # 下一页地址
        next_page_url = response.css(
            u'div.page a:contains("下一页")::attr(href)').extract_first()
        if next_page_url:
            yield scrapy.Request(
                url=urlparse.urljoin(response.url, next_page_url),
                callback=self.parse)

    def parse_learn(self, response):
        item = response.meta
        # 课程标题
        item['title'] = response.xpath(
            '//h2[@class="l"]/text()').extract_first()
        # 课程简介
        item['brief'] = response.xpath(
            '//div[@class="course-brief"]/p/text()').extract_first()
        yield item

这里用到了scrapyDemo目录下ImoocCourseItem类,下面我就说一下。

Item数据容器

在scrapyDemo目录下创建ImoocCourseItem.py,这个类就是我们用了保存数据的容器,我们定义了标题、图片、简介、地址。 scrapyDemo目录下ImoocCourseItem类:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class ImoocCourseItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    title = scrapy.Field()
    # cate = scrapy.Field()
    image = scrapy.Field()
    # desc = scrapy.Field()
    brief = scrapy.Field()
    # cate = scrapy.Field()
    course_url = scrapy.Field()
    pass

Pipeline管道

Pipeline是用来处理抓取到的数据,我们在scrapyDemo目录下pipelines.py文件添加ScrapydemoPipeline类

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

from scrapyDemo.db.dbhelper import DBHelper


class ScrapydemoPipeline(object):
    # 连接数据库
    def __init__(self):
        self.db = DBHelper()
    
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        # 插入数据库
        self.db.insert(item)
        return item

别忘了在配置文件中开启管道哦,scrapyDemo目录下的settings.py文件中,找到下ITEM_PIPELINES,修改为

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'scrapyDemo.pipelines.ScrapydemoPipeline': 300,
}

数据库操作

这里面我们用到了数据库的操作DBHelper类,那么我们在scrapyDemo/db目录下创建dbhelper.py 模块,记得再创建一个init.py哦。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import pymysql
from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings  #导入seetings配置
import time


class DBHelper():
    '''这个类也是读取settings中的配置,自行修改代码进行操作'''

    def __init__(self):
        settings = get_project_settings()  #获取settings配置,设置需要的信息

        dbparams = dict(
            host=settings['MYSQL_HOST'],  #读取settings中的配置
            db=settings['MYSQL_DBNAME'],
            user=settings['MYSQL_USER'],
            passwd=settings['MYSQL_PASSWD'],
            port=settings['MYSQL_PORT'],
            charset='utf8',  #编码要加上,否则可能出现中文乱码问题
            cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor,
            use_unicode=False,
        )
        #**表示将字典扩展为关键字参数,相当于host=xxx,db=yyy....
        dbpool = adbapi.ConnectionPool('pymysql', **dbparams)

        self.dbpool = dbpool

    def connect(self):
        return self.dbpool

    #创建数据库
    def insert(self, item):
        sql = "insert into tech_courses(title,image,brief,course_url,created_at) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
        #调用插入的方法
        query = self.dbpool.runInteraction(self._conditional_insert, sql, item)
        #调用异常处理方法
        query.addErrback(self._handle_error)

        return item

    #写入数据库中
    def _conditional_insert(self, tx, sql, item):
        item['created_at'] = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
                                           time.localtime(time.time()))
        params = (item["title"], item['image'], item['brief'],
                  item['course_url'], item['created_at'])
        tx.execute(sql, params)

    #错误处理方法

    def _handle_error(self, failue):
        print('--------------database operation exception!!-----------------')
        print(failue)

这里用到了pymysql和adbapi,adbapi是python的数据库连接池,可以pip安装:

pip install pymysql
pip install Twisted

这里面还用到了get_project_settings方法,意思是从配置文件settings.py里边获取数据库配置信息,我们在scrapyDemo目录下的settings.py文件最后加入数据库信息

#Mysql数据库的配置信息
MYSQL_HOST = '192.168.6.1'
MYSQL_DBNAME = 'scrapy_demo_db'         #数据库名字,请修改
MYSQL_USER = 'root'             #数据库账号,请修改 
MYSQL_PASSWD = 'abc-123'         #数据库密码,请修改

MYSQL_PORT = 3306               #数据库端口,在dbhelper中使用

建表语句如下:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tech_courses`;
CREATE TABLE `tech_courses` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `title` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `image` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `brief` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `course_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `created_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=0 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

大功告成

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