SpringBoot中级教程之SpringBoot自定义配置(十一)

SpringBoot中级教程之SpringBoot自定义配置(十一)

前言首先力推下我的开源项目

http://git.oschina.net/wangkang_daydayup/swagger-doc 这是一个完全利用spring boot开发的项目,拯救了springfox-swagger污染代码的问题,完全利用java-doc来实现,学习成本几乎是0

1.介绍

在Spring的代码中随处可见的@EnableAutoConfiguration@EnableWebMvc@EnableTransactionManagement这些注解,通过使用这些注解来开启某项功能,下面的
例子就是来讲解如何定义自己的@EnableXXX

使用场景

官方介绍:If you work in a company that develops shared libraries, or if you work on an open-source or commercial library, you might want to develop your own auto-configuration. Auto-configuration classes can be bundled in external jars and still be picked-up by Spring Boot.
Auto-configuration can be associated to a “starter” that provides the auto-configuration code as well as the typical libraries that you would use with it. We will first cover what you need to know to build your own auto-configuration and we will move on to the typical steps required to create a custom starter.

大概意思是这样的:如果你在一个开发共享库的公司,或者是你想开发自己的auto-configuration,也就是说为spring boot开发一些自动配置的模块的时候,这个时候就需要用到这个技术,
完全可以通过一个注解或者引入一个jar包就开启这个功能

2.快速开始

下面是pom的配置 主要核心配置是spring-boot-configuration-processor,这个是用来对注解进行处理的,官方解释是
You can easily generate your own configuration meta-data file from items annotated with @ConfigurationProperties

2.1 首先是pom.xml的配置



<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
        <version>1.5.4.RELEASEversion>
    parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springboot-11artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processorartifactId>
            <optional>trueoptional>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
        dependency>
    dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
                <version>1.5.4.RELEASEversion>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>truefork>
                configuration>
            plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.pluginsgroupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-pluginartifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8source>
                    <target>1.8target>
                configuration>
            plugin>
        plugins>
    build>
project>

2.2 声明一个注解@EnableDemo

@EnableDemo是自己定义的一个注解,用来启用DemoConfig这个类当中的内容,其实原理跟扫描或者是配置xml是差不多的


@Retention(value = java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(value = { java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE })
@Documented
@Import({ DemoConfig.class })
@Configuration
public @interface EnableDemo {
    String param() default "";
}

DemoConfig 中仅仅只打印了一个初始化日志当作测试而已 ,同时DemoProperties也被当做配置注入进来,并且打印出来具体的配置数据


@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(DemoProperties.class)
public class DemoConfig {
    @Autowired
    private DemoProperties demoProperties;
    Logger                 logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        logger.info("######DemoConfig init####### demoProperties is {}", demoProperties.toString());
    }
}

如何拿到@EnableDemo注解中参数的配置呢

这里针对DemoConfig做了一个优化,代码如下所示



@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(DemoProperties.class)
public class DemoConfig implements ImportAware, BeanClassLoaderAware {
    @Autowired
    private DemoProperties demoProperties;
    Logger                 logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
    private ClassLoader    classLoader;
    private String         param;

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        logger.info("######DemoConfig init####### param is {} demoProperties is {}", param, demoProperties.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void setImportMetadata(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        Map enableAttrMap = annotationMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableDemo.class.getName());
        AnnotationAttributes enableAttrs = AnnotationAttributes.fromMap(enableAttrMap);
        if (enableAttrs == null) {
            // search parent classes
            Class currentClass = ClassUtils.resolveClassName(annotationMetadata.getClassName(), classLoader);
            for (Class classToInspect = currentClass; classToInspect != null; classToInspect = classToInspect
                .getSuperclass()) {
                EnableDemo enableDemo = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(classToInspect, EnableDemo.class);
                if (enableDemo == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                enableAttrMap = AnnotationUtils.getAnnotationAttributes(enableDemo);
                enableAttrs = AnnotationAttributes.fromMap(enableAttrMap);
            }
        }
        this.param = enableAttrs.getString("param");
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) {
        this.classLoader = classLoader;
    }
}

上面流程大概是实现了ImportAware接口,也就是注解被解析完之后的一个回调,然后通过这个回调拿到具体的参数而已

大概流程基本都完成了,这样就能够完成一个简单的@EnableDemo配置

2.3 yaml自动提示

在spring boot中如果使用application.yaml进行项目配置,会产生一个自动提示,这个自动提示可以自己定义开发的

之前上面代码中有个DemoProperties,现在可以继续看看,首先是@ConfigurationProperties这个注解,通过prefix来配置前缀,假设我们配置的前缀是springboot.demo


@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "springboot.demo")
public class DemoProperties {
    private String name;
    private String select;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSelect() {
        return select;
    }

    public void setSelect(String select) {
        this.select = select;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "DemoProperties{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", select='" + select + '\'' + '}';
    }
}

如果想让上述的配置在application.yaml进行自动提示,需要进行两步,第一步是确保maven中有processor

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processorartifactId>
    <optional>trueoptional>
dependency>

第二步需要对idea
编辑器进行配置Preferences->Build, Execution, Deployment->Compile->Annotation Processors->Enable annonation processing
钩上这个选项,这样的话就会自动在target/classes/META-INF中生成spring-configuration-metadata.json文件
下面是效果图

总体代码在

http://git.oschina.net/wangkang_daydayup/SpringBoot-Learn/tree/master/springboot-11

扩展

spring.factories

简单的说一下spring.factories这个主要是提供了一个功能,就是自动配置,不需要使用@EnableXXX来开启,也就是说只要你用了springboot,并且依赖了一个jar包,这个jar包就会自动进行初始化
那么这个过程就是使用了spring.factories这个文件配置

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.start.config.AudoDemoConfig

下面的com.start.config.AudoDemoConfig就是自己定义的config,springboot启动的时候就会自动扫描,具体使用可以查看下面这个项目中的com.start.config.AudoDemoConfig
http://git.oschina.net/wangkang_daydayup/SpringBoot-Learn/tree/master/springboot-11

spring-configuration-metadata.json

如果仔细看target/classes/META-INF中,你就会发现有那么一个文件的存在spring-configuration-metadata.json,这个就是整个application.yaml提示的配置,他是自动生成的


{
  "hints": [],
  "groups": [
    {
      "sourceType": "com.start.config.DemoProperties",
      "name": "springboot.demo",
      "type": "com.start.config.DemoProperties"
    }
  ],
  "properties": [
    {
      "sourceType": "com.start.config.DemoProperties",
      "name": "springboot.demo.name",
      "type": "java.lang.String"
    },
    {
      "sourceType": "com.start.config.DemoProperties",
      "name": "springboot.demo.select",
      "type": "java.lang.String"
    }
  ]
}

具体的英文文档可以查看http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/configuration-metadata.html#configuration-metadata-annotation-processor
这个json文件主要分为三个部分,首先是group,group代表一个类,比如DemoProperties,一个项目中存在多个group,而propertis代表是类里面的属性通过sourceType来确定是那一个类的
然后是hints,语意上来说就是提示

hints的使用

具体项目中的使用,可以通过在resources/META-INF 中放入spring-configuration-metadata.json文件,文件内容如下


{
  "hints": [
    {
      "name": "springboot.demo.select",
      "values": [
        {
          "value": "1",
          "description": "1的描述"
        },
        {
          "value": "2",
          "description": "2的描述"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "groups": [
    {
      "sourceType": "com.start.config.DemoProperties",
      "name": "springboot.demo",
      "type": "com.start.config.DemoProperties"
    }
  ],
  "properties": [
    {
      "sourceType": "com.start.config.DemoProperties",
      "name": "springboot.demo.name",
      "type": "java.lang.String"
    },
    {
      "sourceType": "com.start.config.DemoProperties",
      "name": "springboot.demo.select",
      "type": "java.lang.String"
    }
  ]
}

效果图

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