【Android】源码分析Activity如何实现LifecycleOwner

【Android】源码分析Activity如何实现LifecycleOwner_第1张图片
我们都知道Activity可作为LifecycleOwner为LiveData的使用提供条件,那么Activity是如何实现LifecycleOwner的呢?

Activity虽然实现了LifecycleOwner接口,但是并没有实现相关处理,而是通过添加一个Fragment来代理Lifecycle的分发。这种通过Fragment代理Activity行为的设计在其他一些库也经常出现,相对来说更加无侵和优雅。

SupportActivity


Activity通过继承SupportActivity实现LifecycleOwner接口。注意在AndroidX中SupportActivity改名为ComponentActivity

public class SupportActivity extends Activity implements LifecycleOwner {

    ...

    private LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);

    ...

    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        mLifecycleRegistry.markState(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
    }

    ...

    @Override
    public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
        return mLifecycleRegistry;
    }
}

SupportActivity声明了mLifecycleRegistry对象,但是没有直接使用其进行生命周期的分发,而是被ReportFragment通过activity.getLifecycle()获取使用。

ReportFragment


SupportActivity在onCreate为自己添加了ReportFragment:

@RestrictTo(LIBRARY_GROUP)
public class SupportActivity extends Activity implements LifecycleOwner {
  // ...

  @Override
  @SuppressWarnings("RestrictedApi")
  protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
  }
  
  // ...
}

injectIfNeededIn是ReportFragment的静态方法

 public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {
        // ProcessLifecycleOwner should always correctly work and some activities may not extend
        // FragmentActivity from support lib, so we use framework fragments for activities
        android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();
        if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
            manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
            // Hopefully, we are the first to make a transaction.
            manager.executePendingTransactions();
        }
    }

低版本Activity兼容Lifecycle


SupportActivity是伴随Lifecycle才出现的,android.arch.lifecycle:extensions为早期还没有继承SupportActivity的Activity也提供了支持,通过LifecycleDispatcher实现ReportFragment的注入:

class LifecycleDispatcher {

    static void init(Context context) {
        if (sInitialized.getAndSet(true)) {
            return;
        }
        ((Application) context.getApplicationContext())
                .registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new DispatcherActivityCallback());
    }

    static class DispatcherActivityCallback extends EmptyActivityLifecycleCallbacks {
        private final FragmentCallback mFragmentCallback;

        DispatcherActivityCallback() {
            mFragmentCallback = new FragmentCallback();
        }

        @Override
        public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            if (activity instanceof FragmentActivity) {
                ((FragmentActivity) activity).getSupportFragmentManager()
                        .registerFragmentLifecycleCallbacks(mFragmentCallback, true);
            }
            ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(activity);
        }

    }
}

之前还疑惑为什么ReportFragment的实现不写到SupportActivity中去,看到这里终于理解了其存在的意义了吧。

LifecycleDispatcher并不需要在Application中调用,他通过ContentProvider实现初始化

public class ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer extends ContentProvider {
    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        LifecycleDispatcher.init(getContext());
        ProcessLifecycleOwner.init(getContext());
        return true;
    }    
}

android.arch.lifecycle:extensionsaar的AndroidManifest中注册:

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="android.arch.lifecycle.extensions" >

    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="14" />

    <application>
        <provider
            android:name="android.arch.lifecycle.ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer"
            android:authorities="${applicationId}.lifecycle-trojan"
            android:exported="false"
            android:multiprocess="true" />
    application>

manifest>

${applicationId}占位符,避免authroities冲突。

可见在无侵这件事情上做到了极致,这种无侵的初始化方法非常值得我们借鉴和使用。

两种Fragment


通过上面分析,我们知道Activity是通过ReportFragment代理了LifecycleOwner的实现。那么在Activity中添加的LifecycleOwner与Activity的Fragment的生命周期是否一致呢?答案是否定的

Android中存在两种Fragment有两种:

  • ADK自带的android.app.Fragment
  • Support包中的android.support.v4.app.Fragment(AndroidX也归为此类)

由于前者已经被@Deprecated,所以现在普遍使用的是后者,也就是Support或者AndroidX的Fragment。而出于低版本兼容性的考虑,ReportFragment是前者。

Activity对于两种Fragment生命周期回调的实际并不相同,以onResumeonStart为例,Activity回调的实际如下表:

onStart onResume
adk fragment Activity.performStart(2) Activity.onResume(3)
support fragment Activity.onStart(1) Activity.onPostResume(4)

上面表格中()中的数字表示依次执行的顺序,所以你会发现,adk fragment的onStart晚于support fragment,而onResume确更早执行

Activity的LifecycleOwner虽然是基于Fragment实现的,但是同一个Activity的LifecycleOwner与Fragment的生命周期回调实际并不一致。

这在我们的开发重要特备注意,不要视图让Fragment和LifecycleOwner的生命周期中的处理产生时序上的依赖关系。


总结


通过源码分析Activity对于LifecycleOwner的实现后,我们得到以下结论

  • Activity不直接调用HandleLifecycleEvent进行生命周期的分发,而是通过ReportFragment实现
  • ReportFragment的注入和过程全程无侵,值得我们借鉴和学习
  • 同一个Activity,其LifecycleOwner与Fragment的生命周期回调实际并不一致,需要特别注意

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