RIPOSPF相互引入路由

学习目的:

  • 理解路由相互引入的意义

  • 掌握从OSPFRIP注入路由的方法

  • 掌握从RIPOSPF注入路由的方法

拓扑图:

      

华为路由RIP OSPF相互引入路由_第1张图片

场景

       你是公司的网络管理员。当前公司网络使用了RIPv2OSPF协议。为了实现RIP区域设备与OSPF区域设备之间的互通。你需要配置路由的相互引入操作。配置时需要注意不同路由协议度量值定义的标准。

学习任务

步骤一.基本配置与IP编址

[Huawei]sysname R1

[R1]interface s1/0/0

[R1-Serial1/0/0]ip add 10.0.12.1 24

[R1-Serial1/0/0]desc this port connect to R2-S1/0/0

[R1-Serial1/0/0]interface g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.0.13.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]desc this port connect toR3-G0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface loopback0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 10.0.1.1 24

[R1-LoopBack0]q

R2R3IP编址参照R1配置

步骤二.OSPF协议配置及验证

       R1R2之间运行OSPF,配置属于Area0.

[R1]ospf 1 rout     

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1

[R1-ospf-1]area 0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]

 

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2

[R2-ospf-1]area 0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255

查看R1R2的路由表、确认已通过OSPF学习其他网段的路由。

dis ip routing-table protocol ospf

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Public routing table : OSPF

        Destinations : 1        Routes :1       

 

OSPF routing table status :

        Destinations : 1        Routes : 1

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

 

      10.0.2.2/32  OSPF    10  48          D   10.0.12.2    Serial1/0/0

 

OSPF routing table status :

        Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

 

dis ip routing-table protocol ospf

OSPF区域的网络都与R2直连,所以R2未通过OSPF学到额外的路由信息。

步骤三.RIPv2协议配置及验证

       R1上开启RIP协议进程,配置实用版本号为2.10.0.0.0网段通告进RIP路由进程。

[R1]rip 1

[R1-rip-1]version 2

[R1-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0

R3上开启RIP协议进程,配置实用版本号为2,将172.16.0.010.0.0.0两个网段通告进RIP路由进程。

[R3]rip 1

[R3-rip-1]version 2

[R3-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0

[R3-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0

 

查看R1R3的路由表,确认路由器已经通过RIP学习到相应的路由。

[R1]dis ip routing-table protocol rip

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Public routing table : RIP

        Destinations : 5        Routes :5       

 

RIP routing table status :

        Destinations : 5        Routes : 5

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

 

       10.0.3.0/24  RIP    100  1           D  10.0.13.3     GigabitEthernet0/0/0

    172.16.0.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.3      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

    172.16.1.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.3      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

    172.16.2.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.3      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

    172.16.3.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.3      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

 

RIP routing table status :

        Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

[R3]disp ip routing-table protocol rip

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Public routing table : RIP

        Destinations : 2        Routes : 2       

 

RIP routing table status :

        Destinations : 2        Routes : 2

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

 

       10.0.1.0/24  RIP    100  1           D  10.0.13.1     GigabitEthernet0/0/0

      10.0.12.0/24  RIP    100  1           D  10.0.13.1     GigabitEthernet0/0/0

 

RIP routing table status :

        Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

步骤四.RIPv2OSPF协议相互引入配置及验证

       到目前为止,R2R3未学到对方的路由信息,原因是他们不在同一种路由区域。在R1上将RIP学到的路由引入到OSPF路由表中。

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]impor     

[R1-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 cost 100

R1上执行将ospf路由引入到RIP路由域。

[R1]rip 1

[R1-rip-1]import-route ospf 1 cost 1

验证R1R2R3的路由表,确认学习到路由

[R1]display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

        Destinations : 20       Routes :20      

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

 

      10.0.1.0/24  Direct  0   0           D   10.0.1.1        LoopBack0

      10.0.1.1/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0

    10.0.1.255/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0

      10.0.2.2/32  OSPF    10  48          D   10.0.12.2       Serial1/0/0

      10.0.3.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.3      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

     10.0.12.0/24  Direct  0   0           D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

     10.0.12.1/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       Serial1/0/0

     10.0.12.2/32  Direct  0   0           D   10.0.12.2       Serial1/0/0

   10.0.12.255/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       Serial1/0/0

     10.0.13.0/24  Direct  0   0           D   10.0.13.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0

     10.0.13.1/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0

   10.0.13.255/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0

     127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

     127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

    172.16.0.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.3      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

    172.16.1.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.3      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

    172.16.2.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.3      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

    172.16.3.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.3      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

255.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

R1的路由表之前比较无变化,原因是R1同时处于OSPFRIP路由区域,在引入路由之前就已经学习到了所有的路由信息。

确认R2R3的路由表已经学习到如下路由。

displ ip routing-table protocolospf

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Public routing table : OSPF

        Destinations : 7        Routes :7       

 

OSPF routing table status :

        Destinations : 7        Routes : 7

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

 

      10.0.1.0/24  O_ASE   150 100         D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

      10.0.3.0/24  O_ASE   150 100         D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

     10.0.13.0/24  O_ASE   150 100         D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

    172.16.0.0/24  O_ASE   150 100         D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

    172.16.1.0/24  O_ASE   150 100         D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

    172.16.2.0/24  O_ASE   150 100         D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

    172.16.3.0/24  O_ASE   150 100         D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

 

OSPF routing table status :

        Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

disp ip routing-table protocol rip

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Public routing table : RIP

        Destinations : 3        Routes :3       

 

RIP routing table status :

        Destinations : 3        Routes : 3

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

 

      10.0.1.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

      10.0.2.2/32  RIP     100 2           D   10.0.13.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

     10.0.12.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

 

RIP routing table status :

        Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

测试网络连通性。在R2上使用扩展ping命令,定义数据包的源地址,测试到达地址10.0.3.3的连通性。

ping -a 10.0.2.2 10.0.3.3

  PING10.0.3.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C tobreak

   Request time out

   Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms

   Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=10 ms

   Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=20 ms

   Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=10 ms

 

  ---10.0.3.3 ping statistics ---

    5packet(s) transmitted

    4packet(s) received

   20.00% packet loss

   round-trip min/avg/max = 10/17/30 ms

 

ping -a 10.0.2.2 172.16.0.1

  PING172.16.0.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_Cto break

   Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 ms

   Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=10 ms

   Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=20 ms

   Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=10 ms

   Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=10 ms

 

  ---172.16.0.1 ping statistics ---

    5packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

   0.00% packet loss

   round-trip min/avg/max = 10/16/30 ms

R3的接口G0/0/0上配置RIP手动路由汇总。

[R3]interface g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip summary 

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip summary-address172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0

验证R1R2的路由表、比较与步骤三中显示的路由表的区别。

displ ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

        Destinations : 17       Routes :17      

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

 

      10.0.1.0/24  Direct  0   0           D   10.0.1.1        LoopBack0

      10.0.1.1/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0

    10.0.1.255/32  Direct  0   0           D  127.0.0.1       LoopBack0

      10.0.2.2/32  OSPF    10  48          D   10.0.12.2       Serial1/0/0

      10.0.3.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.3      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

     10.0.12.0/24  Direct  0   0           D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

     10.0.12.1/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       Serial1/0/0

     10.0.12.2/32  Direct  0   0           D   10.0.12.2       Serial1/0/0

   10.0.12.255/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       Serial1/0/0

      10.0.13.0/24 Direct  0    0          D   10.0.13.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0

     10.0.13.1/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0

   10.0.13.255/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

     127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

     172.16.0.0/22  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.13.3      GigabitEthernet0/0/0

255.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

disp ip routing-table protocol ospf

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Public routing table : OSPF

        Destinations : 4        Routes :4       

 

OSPF routing table status :

        Destinations : 4        Routes : 4

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

 

      10.0.1.0/24  O_ASE   150 100         D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

      10.0.3.0/24  O_ASE   150 100         D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

     10.0.13.0/24  O_ASE   150 100         D  10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

    172.16.0.0/22  O_ASE   150 100         D   10.0.12.1       Serial1/0/0

 

OSPF routing table status :

        Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

此时R1R2学到的路由是汇总路由172.16.0.0/22,而不是明细路由172.16.0.0/24