Author : Ali0th
Date : 2019-4-6
前言
最近上手大数据，入门一下hadoop，单机部署撸了几天，终于部署起来了，遇到了不少坑。这篇文章把我整个过程码下来了，包括了各个步骤和报错处理。
环境
CentOS release 6.4
openjdk version "1.8.0_201"
复制代码系统服务
关闭 iptables
# 关闭防火墙：
service iptables stop
# 从开机启动项中移除防火墙
chkconfig iptables off
复制代码关闭selinux服务(重启生效)
vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
复制代码hostname 配置
vim /etc/sysconfig/network
复制代码这里默认为 localhost.localdomain
ssh 免密登录
ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
复制代码测试是否成功，执行下面命令，若不用输入密码则成功。
ssh localhost
复制代码java 安装
使用 yum 安装
# 查看yum包含的jdk版本
yum search java
# 安装jdk
yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment
复制代码查看环境变量
export
复制代码vi /etc/profile
复制代码查看 jvm 目录
ll /usr/lib/jvm/
复制代码输出如下，其中java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64 为JAVA_HOME目录。
[root@localhost java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64]# ll /usr/lib/jvm/
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Apr 3 15:47 java -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 32 Apr 3 15:47 java-1.8.0 -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_1.8.0
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Apr 3 15:47 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 48 Apr 3 15:47 java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 -> java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 34 Apr 3 15:47 java-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_openjdk
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Apr 3 15:47 jre -> /etc/alternatives/jre
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Apr 3 15:47 jre-1.8.0 -> /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 52 Apr 3 15:47 jre-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64 -> java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64/jre
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 52 Apr 3 15:47 jre-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 -> java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64/jre
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Apr 3 15:47 jre-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/jre_openjdk
复制代码配置全局变量:
vim /etc/profile
复制代码添加环境配置如下：
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
复制代码全局变量立即生效
source /etc/profile
复制代码hadoop 下载与相关环境配置
创建账户
groupadd hadoop
useradd hadoop -g hadoop
ll -d /home/hadoop
grep hadoop /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group
passwd hadoop # hadoop123
复制代码以 root 執行 visudo, 將 hadoop 加入 sudoers，在 root ALL=(ALL) ALL 下加入。
hadoop ALL=(ALL) ALL
复制代码下载 hadoop 并解压。
wget http://apache.claz.org/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.1.2/hadoop-3.1.2.tar.gz
tar -xzf hadoop-3.1.2.tar.gz
sudo mv hadoop-3.1.2 /usr/local/hadoop
复制代码添加启动项。
vim /etc/profile
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
source /etc/profile
复制代码创建数据存储目录：
- NameNode 数据存放目录： /usr/local/data/hadoop/name
- SecondaryNameNode 数据存放目录： /usr/local/data/hadoop/secondary
- DataNode 数据存放目录： /usr/local/data/hadoop/data
- 临时数据存放目录： /usr/local/data/hadoop/tmp
mkdir -p /usr/local/data/hadoop/name
mkdir -p /usr/local/data/hadoop/secondary
mkdir -p /usr/local/data/hadoop/data
mkdir -p /usr/local/data/hadoop/tmp
复制代码hadoop 配置与启动
配置 hadoop-env.sh、hdfs-site.xml、core-site.xml、mappred-site.xml、yarn-site.xml
进入配置目录：
cd /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/
复制代码hadoop-env.sh
添加JAVA_HOME
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.201.b09-2.el6_10.x86_64
复制代码core-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFSname>
<value>hdfs://localhost.localdomain:9000value>
<description>hdfs内部通讯访问地址description>
property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dirname>
<value>/usr/local/hadoop/data/value>
<description>hadoop数据存放description>
property>
configuration>
复制代码hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replicationname>
<value>1value>
property>
configuration>
复制代码mapred-site.xml
# yran 集群
mv mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
复制代码<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.namename>
<value>yarnvalue>
property>
configuration>
复制代码yarn-site.xml
arn.resourcemanager.hostname yarn集群的老大
<configuration>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostnamename>
<value>localhost.localdomainvalue>
property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-servicesname>
<value>mapreduce_shufflevalue>
property>
configuration>
复制代码dfs 启动
格式化hadoop文件系统
cd /usr/local/hadoop
./bin/hdfs namenode -format
复制代码启动 dfs
./sbin/start-dfs.sh
复制代码使用 jps 查看服务是否已经启动
[hadoop@localhost hadoop]$ jps
6466 NameNode
6932 Jps
6790 SecondaryNameNode
6584 DataNode
复制代码全部启动
./sbin/start-all.sh
复制代码结果截图如下：
报错
问题：
localhost: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).
解决：
如果无法使用ssh无密码连接其他节点的主机,那么在启动hadoop的时候会出现的输入其他主机的密码,即使正确输入也无法认证
问题:
localhost: ERROR: Unable to write in /usr/local/hadoop/logs. Aborting.
解决：
sudo chmod 777 -R /usr/local/hadoop/
复制代码问题：
localhost: /usr/local/hadoop/bin/../libexec/hadoop-functions.sh: line 1842: /tmp/hadoop-hadoop-namenode.pid: Permission denied localhost: ERROR: Cannot write namenode pid /tmp/hadoop-hadoop-namenode.pid.
解决：
修改 hadoop-env.sh
export HADOOP_PID_DIR=/usr/local/hadoop/tmp/pid
复制代码问题：
[hadoop@localhost hadoop]$ ./sbin/start-dfs.sh Starting namenodes on [localhost] Starting datanodes Starting secondary namenodes [localhost] 2019-04-06 07:26:22,110 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
解决：
stackoverflow.com/questions/1…
cd /usr/local/hadoop/lib
ldd libhadoop.so.1.0.0
./libhadoop.so.1.0.0: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by ./libhadoop.so.1.0.0)
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff901ff000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f8ceda5d000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f8ced83f000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f8ced4ac000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00000031c1e00000)
复制代码# download
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.14.tar.bz2
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-linuxthreads-2.5.tar.bz2
# 解压
tar -xjvf glibc-2.14.tar.bz2
cd glibc-2.14
tar -xjvf ../glibc-linuxthreads-2.5.tar.bz2
# 加上优化开关，否则会出现错误'#error "glibc cannot be compiled without optimization"'
cd ../
export CFLAGS="-g -O2"
glibc-2.14/configure --prefix=/usr --disable-profile --enable-add-ons --with-headers=/usr/include --with-binutils=/usr/bin --disable-sanity-checks
make
sudo make install
复制代码问题:
2019-04-06 13:08:58,376 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 1: java.io.IOException: Cannot remove current directory: /usr/local/data/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name/current
解决：
权限问题
sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/data/hadoop/tmp
sudo chmod -R a+w /usr/local/data/hadoop/tmp
复制代码资料
juejin.im/entry/5a0a8…
blog.51cto.com/xpleaf/2082…
Ubuntu下搭建hadoop出现Permission denied (publickey,password)的问题