用yumdownloader下载rpm到本地（无网络安装rpm包）

[root@localhost log]# yum list ceph*

[root@localhost log]# yum install ceph-common.x86_64 -y

[root@localhost tmp]# cat /var/log/yum.log

Jul 07 23:29:02 Installed: 1:python-rados-10.2.5-4.el7.x86_64
Jul 07 23:29:02 Installed: 1:python-rbd-10.2.5-4.el7.x86_64
Jul 07 23:29:03 Installed: hdparm-9.43-5.el7.x86_64
Jul 07 23:29:13 Installed: boost-program-options-1.53.0-27.el7.x86_64
Jul 07 23:29:13 Installed: redhat-lsb-submod-security-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64
Jul 07 23:29:13 Installed: boost-regex-1.53.0-27.el7.x86_64
Jul 07 23:29:14 Installed: spax-1.5.2-13.el7.x86_64
Jul 07 23:29:14 Installed: redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64
Jul 07 23:29:17 Installed: 1:ceph-common-10.2.5-4.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost tmp]#

[root@localhost tmp]# awk '{print$5}' /var/log/yum.log > /tmp/cephrpm.rpm
[root@localhost tmp]# cat /tmp/cephrpm.rpm 

python-rados-10.2.5-4.el7.x86_64
python-rbd-10.2.5-4.el7.x86_64
hdparm-9.43-5.el7.x86_64
boost-program-options-1.53.0-27.el7.x86_64
redhat-lsb-submod-security-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64
boost-regex-1.53.0-27.el7.x86_64
spax-1.5.2-13.el7.x86_64
redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64
ceph-common-10.2.5-4.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost tmp]#

[root@localhost log]# cd /tmp/
[root@localhost tmp]# mkdir -p /rpmtest

检查yumdownloader是否安装

[root@localhost log]# yum -aq yum-utils
[root@localhost log]# rpm -ql yum-utils |grep yumdownloader

 [root@localhost tmp]# for i in $(cat /tmp/cephrpm.rpm);do yumdownloader $i --resolve --destdir=/tmp/rpmtest;done

默认情况下，下载的包会被保存在当前目录中，我们需要使用root权限，因为yumdownloader会在下载过程中更新包索引文件。与yum命令不同的是，任何依赖包不会被下载。我们可以通过加参数，使得下载包的过程中同时下载依赖以及自定义下载位置

命令格式：
yumdownloader +–resolve(可选，意为下依赖包) + –destdir=软件存放位置 (可选) +软件包名

[root@localhost tmp]# ls -l /tmp/rpmtest/

总用量 10672
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 159424 8月 10 2017 boost-program-options-1.53.0-27.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 307448 8月 10 2017 boost-regex-1.53.0-27.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 9791028 11月 12 2018 ceph-common-10.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 85348 7月 4 2014 hdparm-9.43-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 159804 11月 12 2018 python-rados-10.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 87908 11月 12 2018 python-rbd-10.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 38428 3月 27 2015 redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 15616 3月 27 2015 redhat-lsb-submod-security-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 265768 7月 27 2015 spax-1.5.2-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost tmp]#

之后可以将rpm打包并传到需要的主机

若文件里面没有升级包

1. rpm -ivh 安装rpm软件包，i表示install，v表示可视化，h表示更加人性化
   [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm

若文件里面有升级包
2. rpm -Uvh 升级软件包，发现新版本的时候可以使用
rpm -Uvh /mnt/Packages/zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm