《外星人入侵》是很多Python初学者接触到的第一个项目,开发此项目时我属于只会Python语言的基本语法的新手。
《外星人入侵》,玩家控制着一艘最初出现在屏幕底部中央的飞船。玩家可以使用键盘控制飞船左右移动,还可使用空格键射击。游戏开始时,一群外星人出现在天空中,他们在屏幕中向下移动。玩家的任务是射杀这些外星人。玩家将所有外星人都消灭干净后,将出现一群新的外星人,他们移动速度更快。只要有外星人撞到了玩家的飞船或到达了屏幕底部,玩家就损失一艘飞船。玩家损失三艘飞船后,游戏结束。
可以看到,该游戏的元素有:飞机、外星人、记分牌、Play按钮以及飞机发射出的子弹,这些是显性的,还有些隐形的元素有游戏的设置模块(子弹速度、飞机移动速度等)、得分记录、游戏的运行函数。
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Group
from setting import settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from ship import ship
import game_funcations as gf
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
def run_game():
pygame.init()
ai_settings=settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("alien_invasion")
Ship = ship(ai_settings,screen)
bullets = Group()
aliens = Group()
gf.creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,Ship,aliens)
stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)
play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,"play")
#开始游戏主循环
while True:
gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,Ship,aliens,bullets)
if stats.game_active:
Ship.update()
gf.update_bullets(ai_settings, screen,stats,sb, Ship, aliens, bullets)
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, stats,screen, sb,Ship, aliens, bullets)
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,Ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)
run_game()
import sys
import pygame
from time import sleep
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
def ckeck_keydown_events(event,Ship,ai_settings,screen,bullets):
if event.key == pygame.K_d:
Ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_a:
Ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,Ship,bullets)
elif event.key ==pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def ckeck_keyup_events(event,Ship):
if event.key == pygame.K_d:
Ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_a:
Ship.moving_left = False
def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,Ship,aliens,bullets):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
ckeck_keydown_events(event,Ship,ai_settings,screen,bullets)
elif event.type ==pygame.KEYUP:
ckeck_keyup_events(event,Ship)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x,mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,Ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)
def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,Ship,aliens,bullets):
"""更新子弹位置,并删除已经消失的子弹"""
for bullet in bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
bullets.remove(bullet)
check_bullet_alien_collision(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,Ship,aliens,bullets)
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,Ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
Ship.blitme()
aliens.draw(screen)
sb.show_score()
if not stats.game_active:
play_button.draw_button()
pygame.display.flip()
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,Ship,bullets):
if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullet_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, Ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
return number_aliens_x
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,Ship_height,alien_height):
available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height -
(3*alien_height)-Ship_height)
number_rows = int(available_space_y/(2*alien_height))
return number_rows
def creat_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
alien_width = alien.rect.width
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2*alien.rect.height*row_number
aliens.add(alien)
def creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,Ship,aliens):
alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,Ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
creat_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def update_aliens(ai_settings, stats, screen, sb,Ship, aliens, bullets):
check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
aliens.update()
check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, stats, screen,sb, Ship, aliens, bullets)
if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(Ship,aliens,True):
Ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen,sb, Ship, aliens, bullets)
print("Ship hit!!!")
def check_bullet_alien_collision(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,Ship,aliens,bullets):
"""响应子弹和外星人发生碰撞"""
bullets.update()
#删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points*len(aliens)
sb.prep_score()
check_high_score(stats,sb)
if len(aliens) == 0:
#如果整群外星人都被消灭,就提高一个等级
bullets.empty()
ai_settings.increase_speed()
#提高等级
stats.level +=1
sb.prep_level()
creat_fleet(ai_settings, screen, Ship, aliens)
def Ship_hit(ai_settings ,stats,screen,sb,Ship,aliens,bullets):
if stats.Ship_left > 0:
stats.Ship_left -= 1
#更新记分牌
#sb.prep_Ships()
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
creat_fleet(ai_settings, screen, Ship, aliens)
Ship.center_ship()
sleep(0.5)
else:
stats.game_active =False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,Ship,aliens,bullets):
screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >=screen_rect.bottom:
Ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, sb,Ship, aliens, bullets)
break
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,Ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):
"""玩家单击Play按钮时开始新游戏"""
button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
#重置游戏设置
ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
#隐藏光标
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
#重置游戏统计信息
stats.reset_stats()
stats.game_active = True
#重置记分牌图像
sb.prep_score()
sb.prep_high_score()
sb.prep_level()
#sb.prep_ships()
#清空外星人列表和子弹列表
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,Ship,aliens)
Ship.center_ship()
def check_high_score(stats,sb):
"""检查是否诞生了新的最高得分"""
if stats.score > stats.high_score:
stats.high_score =stats.score
sb.prep_high_score()
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
super().__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.image2 = pygame.image.load('images/bug.bmp')
self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image2, (60, 60))
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x =self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def blitme(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def check_edges(self):
screen_rect =self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right >=screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.left<= 0:
return True
def update(self):
self.x +=(self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor*self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x= self.x
import pygame.font
class Button():
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
self.screen = screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
self.width,self.height = 200,50
self.button_color = (0,255,0)
self.text_color = (255,255,255)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
self.prep_msg(msg)
def prep_msg(self,msg):
self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class ship():
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
"""初始化飞船,并设置其起始位置"""
super(ship,self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
self.image2=pygame.transform.scale(self.image,(80,80))
self.rect = self.image2.get_rect()
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.center1 = float(self.rect.centerx)
self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
def update(self):
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
self.center1 += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
elif self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0 :
self.center1 -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
self.rect.centerx = self.center1
def blitme(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image2,self.rect)
def center_ship(self):
self.center1 = self.screen_rect.centerx
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,Ship):
super(Bullet,self).__init__()
self.screen =screen
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,
ai_settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.centerx = Ship.rect.centerx
self.rect.top = Ship.rect.top
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
self.speed_factor =ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
def update(self):
self.y -= self.speed_factor
self.rect.y =self.y
def draw_bullet(self):
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import ship
class Scoreboard():
"""显示得分信息的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):
"""初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""
self.screen =screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.stats =stats
#显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
self.text_color =(30,30,30)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
#准备包含最高得分和当前得分的图像
self.prep_score()
self.prep_high_score()
self.prep_level()
#self.prep_Ships()
def prep_score(self):
"""将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""
rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score,-1))
score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
# 将得分放在屏幕右上角
self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
self.score_rect.top = 20
def prep_high_score(self):
"""将最高得分转换为渲染的图像"""
high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将最高得分放在屏幕顶部中央
self.high_score_rect =self.high_score_image.get_rect()
self.high_score_rect.centerx =self.screen_rect.centerx
self.high_score_rect.top =self.score_rect.top
def prep_level(self):
"""将等级转换为渲染的图像"""
self.level_image =self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将等级放在得分下面
self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10
def show_score(self):
"""在屏幕上显示飞船和得分"""
self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
# self.Ships.draw(self.screen)
"""
def prep_Ships(self):
显示还余下多少艘飞船
self.Ships = Group()
for Ship_number in range(self.stats.Ship_left):
Ship = ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)
Ship.rect.x =10 + Ship_number*Ship.rect.width
Ship.rect.y = 10
self.Ships.add(Ship)
"""
class settings():
"""储存游戏《外星人入侵》的所有设置类"""
def __init__(self):
#屏幕设置
self.screen_width = 1200
self.screen_height = 800
self.bg_color = (230,230,230)
#飞船设置
self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
self.Ship_limit =3
#子弹设置
self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
self.bullet_width = 5
self.bullet_height = 15
self.bullet_color = (10,10,230)
self.bullet_allowed = 30
#外星人设置
self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
#加快游戏节奏的速度
self.speedup_scale =1.1
#外星人点数的提高速度
self.score_scale = 1.5
self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
'''初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置'''
self.Ship_speed_factor = 1.5
self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
self.alien_speed_factor =1
#fleet_direction为1表示向左;为-1表示向右
self.fleet_direction = 1
#记分
self.alien_points = 50
def increase_speed (self):
"""提高速度设置"""
self.ship_speed_factor *=self.speedup_scale
self.bullet_speed_factor *=self.speedup_scale
self.alien_speed_factor *=self.speedup_scale
self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)
print(self.alien_points)
class GameStats():
def __init__(self,ai_settings):
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.reset_stats()
self.game_active =False
#在任何情况下都不应重置最高得分
self.high_score = 0
self.level = 1
def reset_stats(self):
"""初始化随游戏进行可能变化的统计信息"""
self.Ship_left = self.ai_settings.Ship_limit
self.score = 0
1、自己对于形参的设置以后需要更加规范,程序再做的过程中,好几次报错是由于形参位置不规范造成的。
2、写代码一定要写注释
3、最后的剩余飞机数显示功能我没做出来,运行程序的时候一直报错说:add函数没有加的对象,目前还没找到原因