RSA公钥加密算法是1977年由RonRivest、Adi Shamirh和LenAdleman在(美国麻省理工学院)开发的。RSA取名来自开发他们三者的名字。RSA是目前最有影响力的公钥加密算法,它能够抵抗到目前为止已知的所有密码攻击,已被ISO推荐为公钥数据加密标准。RSA算法基于一个十分简单的数论事实:将两个大素数相乘十分容易,但那时想要对其乘积进行因式分解却极其困难,因此可以将乘积公开作为加密密钥。
SET(Secure Electronic Transaction)协议中要求CA采用2048bits长的密钥,其他实体使用1024比特的密钥。RSA密钥长度随着保密级别提高,增加很快。下表xxx列出了对同一安全级别所对应的密钥长度。
表xxx 同一安全级别所对应的密钥长度
保密级别 |
对称密钥长度(bit) |
RSA密钥长度(bit) |
ECC密钥长度(bit) |
保密年限 |
80 |
80 |
1024 |
160 |
2010 |
112 |
112 |
2048 |
224 |
2030 |
128 |
128 |
3072 |
256 |
2040 |
192 |
192 |
7680 |
384 |
2080 |
256 |
256 |
15360 |
512 |
2120 |
有关于RSA算法实现Java 6实现与Bouncy Castle实现细节如下表xxx所示:
表xxx RSA算法
算法 |
密钥长度 |
默认密钥长度 |
工作模式 |
填充方式 |
备注 |
RSA |
512~65536位 (密钥必须 是64的倍数) |
1024 |
ECB |
NoPadding、PKCS1Padding、 OAEPWITHMD5AndMGF1Padding、 OAEPWITHSHA1AndMGF1Padding、 OAEPWITHSHA256AndMGF1Padding、 OAEPWITHSHA384AndMGF1Padding、 OAEPWITHSHA512AndMGF1Padding |
Java6实现 |
2048 |
NONE |
NoPadding、PKCS1Padding、 OAEPWITHMD5AndMGF1Padding、 OAEPWITHSHA1AndMGF1Padding、 OAEPWITHSHA256AndMGF1Padding、 OAEPWITHSHA384AndMGF1Padding、 OAEPWITHSHA512AndMGF1Padding、 ISO9796-1Padding |
bouncy castle实现 |
主要代码如下:
RSECoder.java
/*
* Copyright 2013 WeCode authors
*
* Licensed under the WeCode, Version 1.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License from [email protected]
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.wecode.security.algorithes;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
/**
* RSA加密组件
*
* @author ydonghao2
* @version 2.0
*/
public abstract class RSACoder {
// 非对称加密算法
public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
// 公钥
private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";
// 私钥
private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";
// RSA密钥长度 2048
private static final int KEY_SIZE = 2048;
/**
* 私钥解密
*
* @param data
* 待解密 数据
* @param key
* 私钥
* @return byte[] 解密数据
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, byte[] key)
throws Exception {
// 取得私钥
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(key);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 生成私钥
PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 对数据解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 公钥解密
*
* @param data
* 待解密数据
* @param key
* 公钥
* @return byte[] 解密数据
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, byte[] key)
throws Exception {
// 取得公钥
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(key);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 生成公钥
PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
// 对数据解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 公钥加密
*
* @param data
* 待加密数据
* @param key
* 公钥
* @return byte[] 加密数据
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, byte[] key)
throws Exception {
// 取得公钥
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(key);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 私钥加密
*
* @param data
* 待加密 数据
* @param key
* 私钥
* @return byte[] 加密数据
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, byte[] key)
throws Exception {
// 取得私钥
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(key);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 生成私钥
PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 取得私钥
*
* @param keyMap
* 密钥Map
* @return byte[] 私钥
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] getPrivateKey(Map keyMap)
throws Exception {
Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
return key.getEncoded();
}
/**
* 取得公钥
*
* @param keyMap
* 密钥Map
* @return byte[] 私钥
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] getPublicKey(Map keyMap)
throws Exception {
Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
return key.getEncoded();
}
/**
* 初始化密钥
*
* @return 密钥Map
* @throws Exception
*/
public static Map initKey() throws Exception {
// 实例化密钥对生成器
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator
.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 初始化密钥对的生成
keyPairGen.initialize(KEY_SIZE);
// 生成密钥对
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
// 公钥
RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
// 私钥
RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
// 封装密钥
Map keyMap = new HashMap(2);
keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
return keyMap;
}
/**
* 私钥解密
*
* @param data
* 待解密 数据
* @param key
* 私钥
* @return byte[] 解密数据
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)
throws Exception {
return encryptByPrivateKey(data, getKey(key));
}
/**
* 公钥加密
*
* @param data
* 待加密数据
* @param key
* 公钥
* @return byte[] 加密数据
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)
throws Exception {
return encryptByPublicKey(data, getKey(key));
}
/**
* 私钥解密
*
* @param data
* 待解密 数据
* @param key
* 私钥
* @return byte[] 解密数据
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)
throws Exception {
return decryptByPrivateKey(data, getKey(key));
}
/**
* 公钥解密
*
* @param data
* 待解密数据
* @param key
* 公钥
* @return byte[] 解密数据
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)
throws Exception {
return decryptByPublicKey(data, getKey(key));
}
/**
* 初始化密钥
* @param 密钥Map
* @return String 16进制编码密钥
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getPrivateKeyString(Map keyMap) throws Exception {
return Hex.encodeHexString(getPrivateKey(keyMap));
}
/**
* 初始化密钥
* @param 密钥Map
* @return String 16进制编码密钥
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getPublicKeyString(Map keyMap) throws Exception {
return Hex.encodeHexString(getPublicKey(keyMap));
}
public static byte[] getKey(String key) throws Exception {
return Hex.decodeHex(key.toCharArray());
}
}
KEY_ALGORITHM指明非对称加密算法“RSA”;PUBLIC_KEY指明非对称算法的公钥,私钥指明非对称算法的私钥。
public static finalString KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
private static finalString PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";
private static finalString PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";
KEY_SIZE指明本系统此处RSA密钥长度为2048
private static final intKEY_SIZE = 2048;
私钥解密
参数:
data - 待解密 数据
key - 私钥
返回:
byte[] 解密数据
抛出:
java.lang.Exception
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = newPKCS8EncodedKeySpec(key);用于取得私钥。 PKCS8EncodedKeySpec类用于转换私钥编码。它继承EncodedKeySpec类,以编码格式表示私钥。PKCS8EncodedKeySpec类使用PKCS#8标准展位密钥规范管理的编码格式。
public static byte[]decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, byte[] key)
throws Exception {
PKCS8EncodedKeySpecpkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(key);
KeyFactory keyFactory= KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 生成私钥
PrivateKey privateKey= keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 对数据解密
Cipher cipher =Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,privateKey);
returncipher.doFinal(data);
}
私钥解密
参数:
data - 待解密 数据
key - 私钥
返回:
byte[] 解密数据
抛出:
java.lang.Exception
public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data,
java.lang.String key) throwsjava.lang.Exception
公钥解密
参数:
data - 待解密数据
key - 公钥
返回:
byte[] 解密数据
抛出:
java.lang.Exception
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(key);用于取得公钥。X509EncodedKeySpec类使用X.509标准作为密钥规范的编码格式。通过如下方法实例化:
public X509EncodedKeySpec(byte[] encodedKey)
根据给定的编码密钥创建一个新的 X509EncodedKeySpec。
public static byte[]decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, byte[] key)
throws Exception {
X509EncodedKeySpecx509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(key);
KeyFactory keyFactory= KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 生成公钥
PublicKey publicKey =keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
// 对数据解密
Cipher cipher =Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,publicKey);
returncipher.doFinal(data);
}
公钥解密
参数:
data - 待解密数据
key - 公钥
返回:
byte[] 解密数据
抛出:
java.lang.Exception
java.lang.String key) throws java.lang.Exception
公钥加密
参数:
data - 待加密数据
key - 公钥
返回:
byte[] 加密数据
抛出:
java.lang.Exception
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);获得实例化对象。KeyFactory类也是用来生成密钥(公钥和私钥)的引擎类。用于产生公钥/私钥,或者说它的作用是通过密钥规范还原密钥。
public static byte[]encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, byte[] key)
throws Exception {
// 取得公钥
X509EncodedKeySpecx509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(key);
KeyFactory keyFactory= KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
PublicKey publicKey =keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher =Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,publicKey);
returncipher.doFinal(data);
}
公钥加密
参数:
data - 待加密数据
key - 公钥
返回:
byte[] 加密数据
抛出:
java.lang.Exception
throws java.lang.Exception
throwsjava.lang.Exception
私钥加密
参数:
data - 待加密 数据
key - 私钥
返回:
byte[] 加密数据
抛出:
java.lang.Exception
public static byte[]encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, byte[] key)
throws Exception {
// 取得私钥
PKCS8EncodedKeySpecpkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(key);
KeyFactory keyFactory= KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 生成私钥
PrivateKey privateKey= keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher =Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,privateKey);
returncipher.doFinal(data);
}
初始化密钥
返回:
密钥Map
抛出:
java.lang.Exception
KeyPairGenerator是个抽象类。公钥和私钥的生成是由KeyPairGenerator类来实现的。KeyPairGenerator也是通过getInstance()方法来实现实例化的。
public staticMap initKey() throws Exception {
// 实例化密钥对生成器
KeyPairGeneratorkeyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator
.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 初始化密钥对的生成
keyPairGen.initialize(KEY_SIZE);
// 生成密钥对
KeyPair keyPair =keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
// 公钥
RSAPublicKey publicKey= (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
// 私钥
RSAPrivateKeyprivateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
// 封装密钥
Map keyMap = new HashMap(2);
keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY,publicKey);
keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY,privateKey);
return keyMap;
}
package com.wecode.security.algorithes;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* RSA校验
*
* @author ydonghao2
*
*/
public class RSACoderTest {
// 公钥
private static byte[] publicKey;
// 私钥
private static byte[] privateKey;
/**
* 初始化密钥
*/
/**
* 测试的时候把@Before,@Test去掉
* 把:private byte[] publicKey;
* 改成:private static byte[] publicKey;
* 把:private byte[] privateKey;
* 改成:private static byte[] privateKey;
* 把:public void initKey() throws Exception {
* 改成:public void static initKey() throws Exception {
* 把:public void test() throws Exception {
* 改成:改成:public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
* 在main函数中加入:initKey();
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
//@Before
public static void initKey() throws Exception {
// 初始化密钥
Map keyMap = RSACoder.initKey();
publicKey = RSACoder.getPublicKey(keyMap);
privateKey = RSACoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap);
System.err.println("公钥:\t" + Base64.encodeBase64String(publicKey));
System.err.println("公钥:\t" + publicKey.toString());
System.err.println("私钥:\t" + Base64.encodeBase64String(privateKey));
System.err.println("公钥:\t" + privateKey.toString());
}
/**
* 校验
*
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
initKey();
System.err.println("---私钥加密----公钥解密----");
String inputStr1 = "RSA";
byte[] data1 = inputStr1.getBytes();
System.err.println("原文:\t" + inputStr1);
// 加密
byte[] encodedData1 = RSACoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data1, privateKey);
System.err.println("加密后:\t" + Base64.encodeBase64String(encodedData1));
// 解密
byte[] decodedData1 = RSACoder.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData1,
publicKey);
String outputStr1 = new String(decodedData1);
System.err.println("解密后:\t" + outputStr1);
// 校验
assertEquals(inputStr1, outputStr1);
}
}