Android Jetpack 之 LifeCycle

1. Jetpack

Jetpack 是一套库、工具和指南的集合,并不是一个框架或者组件。Jetpack 包含与平台 API 解除捆绑的 androidx.* 软件包库。Android Jetpack 组件是库的集合,这些库是为协同工作而构建的,不过也可以单独采用,可全部使用,也可混合搭配!Lifecycle 就是 Android Jetpack 组件之一。

Android Jetpack 之 LifeCycle_第1张图片

2. Lifecycle

Lifecycle is a class that holds the information about the lifecycle state of a component (like an activity or a fragment) and allows other objects to observe this state.

翻译过来就是:生命周期是一个类,它保存关于组件生命周期状态的信息(比如Activity 或者 Fragment),并允许其他对象观察这种状态。

3. Lifecycle 使用

在开发中,Activity 经常要持有通过接口通知其他类,告诉它自身的生命周期,而其他类只要实现接口,就能接收到相应的消息。而在 Activity 的生命周期的不同方法中需要去执行对应接口的方法。而通过 LifeCycle 就不用这么麻烦,具体实现如下:

这里只是个简单的 MVP,只实现 Presenter:

Presenter 对应的接口:

package cn.zzw.lifecycledemo.mvp;

import androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle;
import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleObserver;
import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner;
import androidx.lifecycle.OnLifecycleEvent;

/**
 * @author 鹭岛猥琐男
 * @create 2019/10/23 20:27
 */
public interface IPresenter extends LifecycleObserver {
    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
    void onActivityCreate();

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
    void onActivityDestory();

}

在 IPresenter 接口中,继承 LifecycleObserver ,并且定义接收生命周期的方法,并且在方法的头部加上接收哪个生命周期的方法。

具体的 Presenter:

package cn.zzw.lifecycledemo.mvp;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner;

/**
 * @author 鹭岛猥琐男
 * @create 2019/10/23 20:34
 */
public class ActivityPresenter implements IPresenter {
    Activity mActivity;

    public ActivityPresenter(Activity mActivity) {
        this.mActivity = mActivity;
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreate() {
        Log.e("zzw", "ActivityPresenter:    onActivityCreate()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityDestory() {
        Log.e("zzw", "ActivityPresenter:    onActivityDestory()");
        mActivity = null;
    }
}

这里只是简单的打印log。

Activity 代码如下:

package cn.zzw.lifecycledemo;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import cn.zzw.lifecycledemo.mvp.ActivityPresenter;
import cn.zzw.lifecycledemo.mvp.IPresenter;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private IPresenter mPresenter;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mPresenter =new ActivityPresenter(this);
        getLifecycle().addObserver(mPresenter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        getLifecycle().removeObserver(mPresenter);
    }
}

在此 Activity 中,oncreate 方法中创建了 Presenter 对象,调用方法 getLifecycle().addObserver(mPresenter),并将Presenter 作为参数传入。onDestroy方法中,调用 getLifecycle().removeObserver(mPresenter) 将 Presenter 移除。

结果:

2019-10-23 21:08:54.145 5987-5987/cn.zzw.lifecycledemo E/zzw: ActivityPresenter:    onActivityCreate()
2019-10-23 21:08:58.144 5987-5987/cn.zzw.lifecycledemo E/zzw: ActivityPresenter:    onActivityDestory()

当 Activity 启动后,onActivityCreate() 方法中的 log 会被打印,直到退出后,onActivityDestory() 方法中的 log 会被打印。 

4. 流程分析

MainActivity 中的继承关系如下所示:

Android Jetpack 之 LifeCycle_第2张图片

在 接口中 getLifecycle 的返回值是 LifeCycle 类,而LifeCycle 是一个抽象类,它的实现类是 LifecycleRegistry。在 ComponentActivity 中存在存在如下代码:

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("RestrictedApi")
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
    }

而 ReportFragment 中 injectIfNeededIn() 方法中,把 Activity 对象传入 ReportFragment 中,通过一个未设置布局的 Fragment 来分发生命周期事件:

    public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {
        // ProcessLifecycleOwner should always correctly work and some activities may not extend
        // FragmentActivity from support lib, so we use framework fragments for activities
        android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();
        if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
            manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
            // Hopefully, we are the first to make a transaction.
            manager.executePendingTransactions();
        }
    }

在 ReportFragment 的生命中,列举其中一个:

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        dispatchCreate(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
    }

在这里看到希望看到关于Lifecycle 相关的方法 dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE):

    private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) {
        Activity activity = getActivity();
        if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
            ((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);
            return;
        }

        if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) {
            Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle();
            if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) {
                ((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event);
            }
        }
    }

在这里,传入的 event 最终进入方法 handleLifecycleEvent() 中,这个方法是 LifecycleRegistry 类中的方法:

    public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
        State next = getStateAfter(event);
        moveToState(next);
    }

    private void moveToState(State next) {
        if (mState == next) {
            return;
        }
        mState = next;
        if (mHandlingEvent || mAddingObserverCounter != 0) {
            mNewEventOccurred = true;
            // we will figure out what to do on upper level.
            return;
        }
        mHandlingEvent = true;
        sync();
        mHandlingEvent = false;
    }

接着看方法 sync():

    private void sync() {
        LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();
        if (lifecycleOwner == null) {
            Log.w(LOG_TAG, "LifecycleOwner is garbage collected, you shouldn't try dispatch "
                    + "new events from it.");
            return;
        }
        while (!isSynced()) {
            mNewEventOccurred = false;
            // no need to check eldest for nullability, because isSynced does it for us.
            if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) {
                backwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
            }
            Entry newest = mObserverMap.newest();
            if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null
                    && mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) {
                forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
            }
        }
        mNewEventOccurred = false;
    }

这里不细究方法做了什么,只看方法怎么走,两条路,一条是 backwardPass,一条是 forwardPass,以 forwardPass 为例子:

    private void forwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
        Iterator> ascendingIterator =
                mObserverMap.iteratorWithAdditions();
        while (ascendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) {
            Entry entry = ascendingIterator.next();
            ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue();
            while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) < 0 && !mNewEventOccurred
                    && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) {
                pushParentState(observer.mState);
                observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, upEvent(observer.mState));
                popParentState();
            }
        }
    }

通过 mObserverMap 最终获取到一个 ObserverWithState 类型的 observer 对象,并调用它的 dispatchEvent 进行事件分发。ObserverWithState 是 LifecycleRegistry 的一个静态内部类,而在Activity 中,调用的 addObserver 传入的就是 LifecycleObserver 类型的对象。

    @Override
    public void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) {
        State initialState = mState == DESTROYED ? DESTROYED : INITIALIZED;
        ObserverWithState statefulObserver = new ObserverWithState(observer, initialState);
        ObserverWithState previous = mObserverMap.putIfAbsent(observer, statefulObserver);

        ...    
        ...

}

5. 总结

LifeCycle 可以将 Activity/Fragment 中的生命周期传递出去,可以省略掉很多代码,让代码更加简洁。但是通过分析,似乎在传递生命周期的时候,并没有方法来传递参数,未免有些遗憾。

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