java实现标准化考试系统详解(二)-----数据库、数据表的规划和题库增删改查
(一)、数据库、数据表的规划
首先我们需要考虑一下作为考试系统我们需要哪些数据，这些数据将以后作为字段值出现。
我们先来看看这张图：
图中框起来的部分基本上就是我们需要的数据，细数数就是：
1.试题序号，它作为主键出现不可以重复(id)
2.适用工程，可以理解为这个题适用于哪个学科(adaptEngineering)
3.难易度(complexity)
4.试题类型，用来区分是单选题还是多选题或者是判断题(type)
5.试题内容(content)
6.图片名称,如果这道题带图片则需要录入图片名称(pic)
7.选项A,B,C,D的内容(a,b,c,d)
8.正确答案(answer)
这张图虽然体现的是选择题数据，但是判断题其实和它的数据差不多，我们可以让判断题的A,B选项内容始终为正确、错误,因此C,D两个部分不填入内容即可，其他完全和选择题相同。
（二）、具体实现：
1.创建数据库并与其建立连接：
Connection con;
PreparedStatement ppStatement;
String sql="";
//建立名为Examination的数据库
String url="jdbc:derby:Examination;create=true";
try{
con=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
//建立名为Question的表
sql ="create table Question"+
"(id int primary key not null,"+
"adaptEngineering varchar(20)," +
"complexity varchar(20),"+
"type int,"+
"content varchar(500),"+
"pic varchar(300),"+
"a varchar(300),"+
"b varchar(300),"+
"c varchar(300),"+
"d varchar(300),"+
"answer varchar(20))";
ppStatement=con.prepareStatement(sql);
ppStatement.executeUpdate();
con.close();
}catch(SQLException exception)
{
System.out.println(exception);
}2.添加试题
sql="insert into Question values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
id=Integer.valueOf(mView.mQuestionID.getText().trim());
ppStatement=con.prepareStatement(sql);
ppStatement.setInt(1,id); //向数据库中写入该题id
ppStatement.setString(2,mView.mApplicable.getText().trim());//写入适用工程
ppStatement.setString(3, mView.mComplexityBox.getSelectedItem().toString());//复杂度
ppStatement.setInt(4,type);//试题类型
ppStatement.setString(5,mView.mContext.getText().trim()); //试题内容
ppStatement.setString(6,mView.mPictureName.getText().trim()); //图片名字(可为空，为空表示无图)
ppStatement.setString(7,mView.inputA.getText().trim()); //a选项内容
ppStatement.setString(8,mView.inputB.getText().trim()); //b选项内容
ppStatement.setString(9,mView.inputC.getText().trim()); //c选项内容
ppStatement.setString(10,mView.inputD.getText().trim());//d选项内容
ppStatement.setString(11,mAnswer);//答案
isSucceed=ppStatement.executeUpdate();//提交数据
con.close();//关闭与数据库连接3.还需要一个工具类PreQuery类，他负责从数据库中获取字段值和我们想要查询的数据，我们可以通过他来查看数据是否被插入到表中
public class PreQuery {
String databaseName;//数据库名称
String SQL;//需要执行的sql语句
String[] columnName;//字段值
String[][] record;//读取记录保存在二维数组中
Connection con;
PreparedStatement preSql;
ResultSet rs;//结果集
public PreQuery(){
try
{
Class.forName("org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
}catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
public void setDatabaseName(String name)
{
databaseName=name.trim();
}
public void setSQL(String SQL)
{
this.SQL=SQL.trim();
}
public String[] getColumnName()
{
return columnName;
}
public String[][] getRecord()
{
return record;
}
public void startQuery()
{
try{
String url="jdbc:derby:"+databaseName+" ;create=true";
con=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
//设置游标可以随意跳转，这样可以实现从任意一行读取数据
preSql=con.prepareStatement(SQL,ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
rs=preSql.executeQuery();//将执行结果放入结果集
ResultSetMetaData metaData=rs.getMetaData();
int ziduanNum=metaData.getColumnCount();//得到字段个数
columnName=new String[ziduanNum];
for(int i=1;i<=ziduanNum;i++)
{
columnName[i-1]=metaData.getColumnName(i);
}
rs.last();
int dataNum=rs.getRow();//得到表中共有多少行记录
rs.beforeFirst();
int i=0;
record=new String[dataNum][ziduanNum];
while(rs.next())
{
for(int j=1;j<=ziduanNum;j++)
{
record[i][j-1]=rs.getString(j);//读取所有记录
}
i++;
}
con.close();
}catch(SQLException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
4.还需要一个具有表格的Dialog用来展示刚刚获取到的数据
public class DialogOne extends JDialog {
JTable table;
String ziduan[];
String record[][];
public DialogOne() {
setTitle("显示记录");
setBounds(400,200,600,300);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
}
public void setZiduan(String []ziduan){
this.ziduan=ziduan;
}
public void setRecord(String [][]record){
this.record=record;
}
public void init() {
table = new JTable(record,ziduan);
add(new JScrollPane(table));
}
}
5.选择题管理视图类AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView
public class AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView extends JPanel {
JTextField mQuestionID; //输入试题编号
JTextField mApplicable; //适用工程
JTextArea mContext; //输入试题内容
JTextField mPictureName; //输入图片名字
JTextField inputA; //输入选择a
JTextField inputB; //输入选择b
JTextField inputC; //输入选择c
JTextField inputD; //输入选择d
JRadioButton[] mMultiselectBN;//多选题按钮
JButton submitButton; //提交按钮
JComboBox mOperate;//操作类型下拉选项
JComboBox mType;//试题类型下拉选项
JComboBox mAnswerBox;//答案选择框
JComboBox mComplexityBox;//难度选择框
AddAndUpdateHandle handle;//该视图的数据处理类
AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView()
{
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
submitButton=new JButton("提交");
mQuestionID=new JTextField(10);
mApplicable=new JTextField(10);
mContext=new JTextArea(8,40);
JScrollPane js=new JScrollPane(mContext);
mPictureName=new JTextField(10);
inputA=new JTextField(50);
inputB=new JTextField(50);
inputC=new JTextField(50);
inputD=new JTextField(50);
JLabel mComboBoxJLabel=new JLabel("请选择操作类型：");
mOperate=new JComboBox();
mOperate.addItem("请选择");
mOperate.addItem("添加试题");
mOperate.addItem("更新试题");
add(mComboBoxJLabel);
add(mOperate);
mComboBoxJLabel.setBounds(5, 85, 150, 35);
mOperate.setBounds(1, 115, 150, 35);
JLabel mTypeLabel=new JLabel("请选试题类型：");
mType=new JComboBox();
mType.addItem("请选择");
mType.addItem("单项选择");
mType.addItem("多项选择");
add(mTypeLabel);
add(mType);
mTypeLabel.setBounds(5, 140, 150, 35);
mType.setBounds(1, 170, 150, 35);
JLabel mIdLabel =new JLabel("试题号：(必填且不允许重复)");
add(mIdLabel);
add(mQuestionID);
mIdLabel.setBounds(5,5,165,35);
mQuestionID.setBounds(170,5,585,35);
JLabel mApplicableLabel=new JLabel("适用工程：");
add(mApplicableLabel);
add(mApplicable);
mApplicableLabel.setBounds(5,415,150,35);
mApplicable.setBounds(155,415,600,35);
JLabel mComplexityLabel=new JLabel("请选择难易程度：");
mComplexityBox=new JComboBox();
mComplexityBox.addItem("A");
mComplexityBox.addItem("B");
mComplexityBox.addItem("C");
mComplexityBox.addItem("D");
add(mComplexityLabel);
add(mComplexityBox);
mComplexityLabel.setBounds(320, 455, 150, 35);
mComplexityBox.setBounds(480, 455, 150, 35);
JLabel mContextLabel=new JLabel("试题内容：");
add(mContextLabel);
add(js);
mContextLabel.setBounds(5,45,150,35);
js.setBounds(155,45,600,160);
JLabel mPicNameLabel=new JLabel("图片名称：");
add(mPicNameLabel);
add(mPictureName);
mPicNameLabel.setBounds(5,210,150,35);
mPictureName.setBounds(155,210,600,35);
JLabel tishiA =new JLabel("选项A");
add(tishiA);
add(inputA);
JLabel tishiB =new JLabel("选项B:");
add(tishiB);
add(inputB);
JLabel tishiC =new JLabel("选项C:");
add(tishiC);
add(inputC);
JLabel tishiD =new JLabel("选项D:");
add(tishiD);
add(inputD);
JLabel mAnswerLabel =new JLabel("请选择单选题正确答案:");
mAnswerBox=new JComboBox();
mAnswerBox.addItem("A");
mAnswerBox.addItem("B");
mAnswerBox.addItem("C");
mAnswerBox.addItem("D");
add(mAnswerLabel);
add(mAnswerBox);
tishiA.setBounds(5,255,150,35);
inputA.setBounds(155,255,600,35);
tishiB.setBounds(5,295,150,35);
inputB.setBounds(155,295,600,35);
tishiC.setBounds(5,335,150,35);
inputC.setBounds(155,335,600,35);
tishiD.setBounds(5,375,150,35);
inputD.setBounds(155,375,600,35);
mAnswerLabel.setBounds(5, 455, 150, 35);
mAnswerBox.setBounds(155, 455, 150, 35);
JLabel multiselectlJLabel=new JLabel("请选择多选题答案：");
mMultiselectBN=new JRadioButton[4];
mMultiselectBN[0]=new JRadioButton("A");
mMultiselectBN[1]=new JRadioButton("B");
mMultiselectBN[2]=new JRadioButton("C");
mMultiselectBN[3]=new JRadioButton("D");
multiselectlJLabel.setBounds(5,500,150,35);
mMultiselectBN[0].setBounds(160, 500, 50, 35);
mMultiselectBN[1].setBounds(220, 500, 50, 35);
mMultiselectBN[2].setBounds(280, 500, 50, 35);
mMultiselectBN[3].setBounds(340, 500, 50, 35);
add(multiselectlJLabel);
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
{
add(mMultiselectBN[i]);
}
JLabel mButtonLabel=new JLabel("提交：");
add(mButtonLabel);
add(submitButton);
mButtonLabel.setBounds(5,540,150,35);
submitButton.setBounds(155,540,150,35);
handle=new AddAndUpdateHandle();
handle.setView(this);
submitButton.addActionListener(handle);
}
} 6.这时候就可以实现选择题管理类AddAndUpdateHandle类，他负责对AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView类的数据处理
public class AddAndUpdateHandle implements ActionListener{
//所要监听的视图
AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView mView;
//链接数据库所用工具
Connection con;
PreparedStatement ppStatement;
PreQuery query;
String sql="";
String url="jdbc:derby:Examination;create=true";
//写入参数
String OperateType;//操作类型
String complexity;//复杂度
String mAnswer;//答案
int isSucceed;//判断是否与数据库建立链接
int id;//试题号
int type;//试题类型
public AddAndUpdateHandle() {
//数据库连接预处理
query=new PreQuery();
try{
con=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
//建立名为Question的表
sql ="create table Question"+
"(id int primary key not null,"+
"adaptEngineering varchar(20)," +
"complexity varchar(20),"+
"type int,"+
"content varchar(500),"+
"pic varchar(300),"+
"a varchar(300),"+
"b varchar(300),"+
"c varchar(300),"+
"d varchar(300),"+
"answer varchar(20))";
ppStatement=con.prepareStatement(sql);
ppStatement.executeUpdate();
con.close();
}catch(SQLException exception)
{
System.out.println(exception);
}
}
//设置所需要的视图
public void setView(AddAndUpdateChoiceQuestionView addAndUpdateChoiceQuestion)
{
this.mView=addAndUpdateChoiceQuestion;
}
//点击提交按钮响应
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
try{
con=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
OperateType=mView.mOperate.getSelectedItem().toString();
sql="";
//判断操作类型
if(OperateType.equals("添加试题"))
{
//使用预处理命令可以更灵活的设置各项的值
sql="insert into Question values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
id=Integer.valueOf(mView.mQuestionID.getText().trim());
//判断试题类型
if(mView.mType.getSelectedItem().toString().equals("单项选择"))
{
//设置试题类型参数
type=1;
//得到用户选择的答案
mAnswer=mView.mAnswerBox.getSelectedItem().toString();
}else if(mView.mType.getSelectedItem().toString().equals("多项选择"))
{
type=2;
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if(mView.mMultiselectBN[i].isSelected())
{
sb.append(mView.mMultiselectBN[i].getText().toString().trim());
}
}
//得到多选题多个答案
mAnswer=sb.toString();
}
ppStatement=con.prepareStatement(sql);
ppStatement.setInt(1,id); //向数据库中写入该题id
ppStatement.setString(2,mView.mApplicable.getText().trim());//写入适用工程
ppStatement.setString(3, mView.mComplexityBox.getSelectedItem().toString());//复杂度
ppStatement.setInt(4,type);//试题类型
ppStatement.setString(5,mView.mContext.getText().trim()); //试题内容
ppStatement.setString(6,mView.mPictureName.getText().trim()); //图片名字(可为空，为空表示无图)
ppStatement.setString(7,mView.inputA.getText().trim()); //a选项内容
ppStatement.setString(8,mView.inputB.getText().trim()); //b选项内容
ppStatement.setString(9,mView.inputC.getText().trim()); //c选项内容
ppStatement.setString(10,mView.inputD.getText().trim());//d选项内容
ppStatement.setString(11,mAnswer);//答案
isSucceed=ppStatement.executeUpdate();//提交数据
con.close();//关闭与数据库连接
}else if(OperateType.equals("更新试题"))
{
id=Integer.valueOf(mView.mQuestionID.getText().trim());
sql="update Question set "
+ "adaptEngineering=?,"
+ "complexity=?,"
+ "type=?,"
+ "content=?,"
+"pic=?,"
+"a=?,"
+"b=?,"
+"c=?,"
+"d=?,"
+"answer=? "
+"where id ="
+id;
if(mView.mType.getSelectedItem().toString().equals("单项选择"))
{
type=1;
mAnswer=mView.mAnswerBox.getSelectedItem().toString();
}else if(mView.mType.getSelectedItem().toString().equals("多项选择"))
{
type=2;
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if(mView.mMultiselectBN[i].isSelected())
{
sb.append(mView.mMultiselectBN[i].getText().toString().trim());
}
}
mAnswer=sb.toString();
}else{
//如果用户未选择操作类型则进行提示
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog
(null,""+"请选择试题类型！","消息对话框", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
ppStatement=con.prepareStatement(sql);
ppStatement.setString(1,mView.mApplicable.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(2, mView.mComplexityBox.getSelectedItem().toString());
ppStatement.setInt(3,type);
ppStatement.setString(4,mView.mContext.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(5,mView.mPictureName.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(6,mView.inputA.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(7,mView.inputB.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(8,mView.inputC.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(9,mView.inputD.getText().trim());
ppStatement.setString(10,mAnswer);
isSucceed=ppStatement.executeUpdate();
con.close();
}else{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog
(null,""+"请选择操作类型！","消息对话框", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
}catch(SQLException exception)
{
//对数据库操作失败时弹出对话框进行提示
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog
(null,""+exception,"消息对话框", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
//根据返回值可以判断如果isSucceed=0则表示操作失败，不为0表示操作成功
if(isSucceed!=0)
{
//操作成功则对话框显示刚刚插入或更新的数据
query.setDatabaseName("Examination");
query.setSQL("select * from Question where id="+id+"");
query.startQuery();
//得到字段值
String ziduan[] =query.getColumnName();
//得到记录
String [][]record =query.getRecord();
//对话框中显示操作后的各项值
DialogOne dialog = new DialogOne();
dialog.setZiduan(ziduan);
dialog.setRecord(record);
dialog.init();
dialog.setVisible(true);
}
else {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog
(null,"添加试题失败","消息对话框", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
}
}
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