请设计一个函数,用来判断在一个矩阵中是否存在一条包含某字符串所有字符的路径。路径可以从矩阵中的任意一格开始,每一步可以在矩阵中向左、右、上、下移动一格。如果一条路径经过了矩阵的某一格,那么该路径不能再次进入该格子。例如,在下面的3×4的矩阵中包含一条字符串“bfce”的路径(路径中的字母用加粗标出)。
[["a","b","c","e"],
["s","f","c","s"],
["a","d","e","e"]]
但矩阵中不包含字符串“abfb”的路径,因为字符串的第一个字符b占据了矩阵中的第一行第二个格子之后,路径不能再次进入这个格子。
示例 1:
输入:board = [["A","B","C","E"],["S","F","C","S"],["A","D","E","E"]], word = "ABCCED"
输出:true
示例 2:
输入:board = [["a","b"],["c","d"]], word = "abcd"
输出:false
提示:
1 <= board.length <= 200
1 <= board[i].length <= 200
# DFS
class Solution:
def exist(self, board: List[List[str]], word: str) -> bool:
def dfs(i, j, k):
# 越界或者元素不等,结束,返回F;否则,继续走。特别的,当走到最后一步,返回T
if not 0 <= i < len(board) or not 0 <= j < len(board[0]) or board[i][j] != word[k]:
return False
if k == len(word)-1:
return True
tmp, board[i][j] = board[i][j], '/' # 防止被重复访问
# 寻找下一个, 下上右左顺序
res = dfs(i+1, j, k+1) or dfs(i-1, j, k+1) or dfs(i, j+1, k+1) or dfs(i, j-1, k+1)
board[i][j] = tmp # 还原数据
return res
for i in range(len(board)):
for j in range(len(board[0])):
if dfs(i, j, 0):
return True
return False