随机森林的几个重要参数

翻译自：https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2015/06/tuning-random-forest-model/

There are primarily 3 features which can be tuned to improve the predictive power of the model :

说明：随机森林有3个比较重要的参数，对结果影响比较大，max_features，n_estimators，min_sample_leaf

1.a. max_features:

These are the maximum number of features Random Forest is allowed to try in individual tree. There are multiple options available in Python to assign maximum features. Here are a few of them :

1. Auto/None : This will simply take all the features which make sense in every tree.Here we simply do not put any restrictions on the individual tree.
2. sqrt : This option will take square root of the total number of features in individual run. For instance, if the total number of variables are 100, we can only take 10 of them in individual tree.”log2″ is another similar type of option for max_features.
3. 0.2 : This option allows the random forest to take 20% of variables in individual run. We can assign and value in a format “0.x” where we want x% of features to be considered.

How does “max_features” impact performance and speed?

Increasing max_features generally improves the performance of the model as at each node now we have a higher number of options to be considered. However, this is not necessarily true as this decreases the diversity of individual tree which is the USP of random forest. But, for sure, you decrease the speed of algorithm by increasing the max_features. Hence, you need to strike the right balance and choose the optimal max_features.

1.b. n_estimators :

This is the number of trees you want to build before taking the maximum voting or averages of predictions. Higher number of trees give you better performance but makes your code slower. You should choose as high value as your processor can handle because this makes your predictions stronger and more stable.

1.c. min_sample_leaf :

If you have built a decision tree before, you can appreciate the importance of minimum sample leaf size. Leaf is the end node of a decision tree. A smaller leaf makes the model more prone to capturing noise in train data. Generally I prefer a minimum leaf size of more than 50. However, you should try multiple leaf sizes to find the most optimum for your use case.

说明：如果 min_sample_leaf过小，很容易过拟合，学习到噪声