STM32自带GB2312字库显示汉字
本文介绍如何把字库文件写入单片机的flash中，然后无需再提取字模，即可实现单片机显示中文字符的功能。
下载字库到单片机flash中的指定位置
在上一篇博客中，最后留了一个想法，让单片机自带字库。现在就来实现这个想法。
我把用到的编译过的字符放在这里
我们借助J-Flash软件把bin文件放在单片机flash中的指定位置。
首先要新建工程，然后根据自己的板子选择型号
然后打开数据文件，找到刚刚下载的bin文件
根据自己单片机的flash大小输入地址，注意这个地址要与代码中的“基地址”一致
设置好以后按下快捷键F7
成功烧录以后，代码不可以在使用此区域。——一般情况下，你的工程代码也不会大到可以覆盖这个区域。
编写字库显示函数
函数编写过程就不讲述了，原理都在代码里。有需要的可以自行研究。有一些没有提到的函数，可以参考上一篇博客。
这是显示字符串的函数
/**
* @brief 输出12*12的汉字或6*12的字符，函数可以自动识别是中文字符还是ASCII
* @param 第一个字符的坐标，汉字颜色，背景颜色，需要显示的字符串。背景颜色为0表示不画背景
* @Note 汉字字模来自于字库，字库是编译好的bin文件，在_DEF_FONT_CH字库的基地址中
* @retval None
*/
void LCD_DrawFont_GBK12(u16 x, u16 y, u16 fc, u16 bc, char *pStr)
{
unsigned char xNow,temp_width;
const u8 *FontModel;
char ch[2];
xNow = x;
while(*pStr)
{
ch[0] = *pStr;
pStr++;
ch[1] = *pStr;
if(ch[0] == 10)
{
x = xNow;
y += 12;
}
else if(ch[0] < 128)
{
temp_width = Get_Model(ch,&FontModel);
if(x < 128)
DrawFontModel(x,y,temp_width,FontModel,fc,bc);
x += temp_width;//下一个字符的横坐标
}
else if((ch[0] > 160) && (ch[1] > 160)) //中文
{
ch[1] = *pStr;
temp_width = Get_Model(ch,&FontModel);
if(x < 128)
DrawFontModel(x,y,temp_width,FontModel,fc,bc);
x += temp_width;//下一个字符的横坐标
pStr++;
}
}
}
这个函数用于显示单个字符
/**
* @brief 根据传入的参数显示一个字符，可以自动识别是中文还是英文
* @param 第一个字符的坐标，字符的宽度（中文12英文6），颜色，背景颜色，需要显示的字符串。背景颜色为0表示不画背景
* @Note 汉字字模来自于字库，字库是编译好的bin文件，在_DEF_FONT_CH字库的基地址中
* 返回值并不是字库的地址，字库地址是通过指针传递的，也就是说，参数FontModel本身也是返回值
* @retval None
*/
static void DrawFontModel(u8 xNow,u8 yNow,u8 width,const u8 *FontModel,u16 fc, u16 bc )
{
u8 bit = 0;
u8 m = 0xff;
if(FontModel)//字母为空处理
m = *FontModel;
for (u8 y = yNow; y < yNow + 12; y++)//竖着显示，先判断y坐标。
{
for(u8 x = xNow; x < xNow + width; x++)//再判断横坐标
{
if(x < 128)
{
if((m&0x01) == 0x01)
{
LCD_DrawPoint(x,y,fc);
}
else
{
if ((bc!=0)&&(fc!=bc)) LCD_DrawPoint(x,y,bc);
}
}
bit++;
m >>= 1;//字符循环右移
if(bit == 8)//一个字节显示完毕，则显示下一个字节
{
bit = 0;
if(FontModel)//空字模处理
{
FontModel ++;
m = *FontModel;
}
else
{
m = 0xff;
}
}
}
}
}
这是根据字符的标号，从flash中找到对应字符数组的 函数
/**
* @brief 获取字模数组的 地址
* @param 第一个字符的坐标，字符的宽度（中文12英文6），颜色，背景颜色，需要显示的字符串。背景颜色为0表示不画背景
* @Note 汉字字模来自于字库，字库是编译好的bin文件，在_DEF_FONT_CH字库的基地址中
* @retval 字模的宽度
*/
static char Get_Model(const char *ch,const u8 **FontModel)
{
if((ch[0] > 0xA0) && (ch[1] > 0xA0))//中文
{
*FontModel = _DEF_FONT_CH + 18 * ((ch[0] - 161) * 94 + ch[1] - 161);//获取此字模的地址
return 12;
}
if(*ch >= 0x20)//英文
{
*FontModel = _DEF_FONT_EN + 9 * (ch[0] - 0x20);
return 6;
}
*FontModel = _DEF_FONT_EN;//无法匹配，显示空白
return 0;
}
GB2312的字符计算是怎么算的？GB2312的编号可以帮助我们找到字符，简单来说，就是GB2312规定对收录的每个字符采用两个字节表示，第一个字节为“高字节”，对应94个区；第二个字节为“低字节”，对应94个位。所以它的区位码范围是：0101－9494。区号和位号分别加上0xA0就是GB2312编码。例如最后一个码位是9494，区号和位号分别转换成十六进制是5E5E，0x5E+0xA0＝0xFE，所以该码位的GB2312编码是FEFE。
这也就是为什么我们的代码中要乘以94了。
关于GB2312的详细资料可以参考这篇博客
在主函数中我调用了显示函数：
ST7735S_CPT144_Initial();
LCD_BG_Color(GREEN);
LCD_DrawFont_GBK12(0,0,BLACK,GREEN,"来自geekYatao的博客");
LCD_DrawFont_GBK12(0,12,BLACK,GREEN,"ABCabc123,.?《》");
LCD_DrawFont_GBK12(0,24,BLACK,GREEN,"犇鱻羴显示不出来");
另外我还定义了汉字字符的基地址，与英文字符的数组
extern const u8 _FontLibEn612[];
#define _DEF_FONT_CH (const u8*)(0x080DC000) //字库的基地址
#define _DEF_FONT_EN _FontLibEn612
extern const u8 _FontLibEn612[] = { 0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0, // 0x20
0x0,0x40,0x10,0x4,0x41,0x10,0x0,0x1,0x0, // 0x21 !
0x0,0xA5,0x28,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0, // 0x22 "
0x0,0x40,0x51,0x3F,0xA5,0xFC,0x8A,0x2,0x0, // 0x23 #
0x0,0xE1,0x55,0x85,0xC1,0x50,0xD5,0x43,0x0, // 0x24 $
0x0,0x20,0x55,0x8D,0x42,0xB1,0xAA,0x4,0x0, // 0x25 %
0x0,0x40,0x28,0x8A,0x57,0x55,0x89,0xD,0x0, // 0x26 &
0x80,0x20,0x4,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0, // 0x27 '
0x0,0x8,0x21,0x8,0x82,0x20,0x8,0x4,0x2, // 0x28 (
0x80,0x40,0x20,0x8,0x82,0x20,0x8,0x21,0x0, // 0x29 )
0x0,0x0,0x10,0x95,0xE3,0x54,0x4,0x0,0x0, // 0x2A *
0x0,0x40,0x10,0xC4,0x47,0x10,0x4,0x0,0x0, // 0x2B +
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x80,0x20,0x4, // 0x2C ,
0x0,0x0,0x0,0xC0,0x7,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0, // 0x2D -
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x80,0x0,0x0, // 0x2E .
0x0,0x84,0x20,0x8,0x41,0x8,0x82,0x10,0x0, // 0x2F /
0x0,0xE0,0x44,0x51,0x14,0x45,0x91,0x3,0x0, // 0x30 0
0x0,0x40,0x18,0x4,0x41,0x10,0x84,0x3,0x0, // 0x31 1
0x0,0xE0,0x44,0x11,0x42,0x8,0xC1,0x7,0x0, // 0x32 2
0x0,0xE0,0x44,0x10,0x3,0x41,0x91,0x3,0x0, // 0x33 3
0x0,0x80,0x30,0x8A,0x92,0x78,0x8,0x6,0x0, // 0x34 4
0x0,0xF0,0x5,0xC1,0x3,0x41,0x91,0x3,0x0, // 0x35 5
0x0,0xE0,0x24,0xC1,0x13,0x45,0x91,0x3,0x0, // 0x36 6
0x0,0xF0,0x25,0x8,0x41,0x10,0x4,0x1,0x0, // 0x37 7
0x0,0xE0,0x44,0x91,0x13,0x45,0x91,0x3,0x0, // 0x38 8
0x0,0xE0,0x44,0x51,0xE4,0x41,0x92,0x3,0x0, // 0x39 9
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x4,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x1,0x0, // 0x3A :
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x1,0x0,0x0,0x41,0x0, // 0x3B ;
0x0,0x8,0x21,0x84,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x8,0x0, // 0x3C <
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x1F,0x0,0x7C,0x0,0x0,0x0, // 0x3D =
0x80,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x8,0x21,0x84,0x0,0x0, // 0x3E >
0x0,0xE0,0x44,0x11,0x42,0x10,0x0,0x1,0x0, // 0x3F ?
0x0,0xE0,0x44,0x59,0x55,0x75,0x81,0x7,0x0, // 0x40 @
0x0,0x40,0x10,0x8C,0xA2,0x78,0xD2,0xC,0x0, // 0x41 A
0x0,0xF0,0x48,0x92,0x23,0x49,0xD2,0x3,0x0, // 0x42 B
0x0,0xE0,0x45,0x41,0x10,0x4,0x91,0x3,0x0, // 0x43 C
0x0,0xF0,0x48,0x92,0x24,0x49,0xD2,0x3,0x0, // 0x44 D
0x0,0xF0,0x49,0x8A,0xA3,0x8,0xD2,0x7,0x0, // 0x45 E
0x0,0xF0,0x49,0x8A,0xA3,0x8,0xC2,0x1,0x0, // 0x46 F
0x0,0xC0,0x49,0x41,0x90,0x47,0x12,0x3,0x0, // 0x47 G
0x0,0x30,0x4B,0x92,0x27,0x49,0xD2,0xC,0x0, // 0x48 H
0x0,0xF0,0x11,0x4,0x41,0x10,0xC4,0x7,0x0, // 0x49 I
0x0,0xE0,0x23,0x8,0x82,0x20,0x48,0x72,0x0, // 0x4A J
0x0,0x70,0x4B,0x8A,0xA1,0x28,0xD2,0xD,0x0, // 0x4B K
0x0,0x70,0x8,0x82,0x20,0x8,0xE2,0xF,0x0, // 0x4C L
0x0,0xB0,0x6D,0xDB,0x56,0x55,0x55,0x5,0x0, // 0x4D M
0x0,0xB0,0x4B,0x96,0xA5,0x69,0xD2,0x5,0x0, // 0x4E N
0x0,0xE0,0x44,0x51,0x14,0x45,0x91,0x3,0x0, // 0x4F O
0x0,0xF0,0x48,0x92,0x23,0x8,0xC2,0x1,0x0, // 0x50 P
0x0,0xE0,0x44,0x51,0x14,0x5D,0x99,0x83,0x1, // 0x51 Q
0x0,0xF0,0x48,0x92,0xA3,0x48,0xD2,0xD,0x0, // 0x52 R
0x0,0xE0,0x45,0x81,0x81,0x40,0xD1,0x3,0x0, // 0x53 S
0x0,0xF0,0x55,0x4,0x41,0x10,0x84,0x3,0x0, // 0x54 T
0x0,0x30,0x4B,0x92,0x24,0x49,0x12,0x3,0x0, // 0x55 U
0x0,0x30,0x4B,0x92,0xA2,0x30,0x4,0x1,0x0, // 0x56 V
0x0,0x50,0x55,0x95,0xA3,0x28,0x8A,0x2,0x0, // 0x57 W
0x0,0xB0,0x29,0xA,0x41,0x28,0xCA,0x6,0x0, // 0x58 X
0x0,0xB0,0x29,0xA,0x41,0x10,0x84,0x3,0x0, // 0x59 Y
0x0,0xF0,0x25,0x8,0x41,0x8,0xD2,0x7,0x0, // 0x5A Z
0x0,0x47,0x10,0x4,0x41,0x10,0x4,0xC1,0x1, // 0x5B [
0x80,0x20,0x8,0x4,0x81,0x20,0x8,0x4,0x0, // 0x5C '\'
0x80,0x83,0x20,0x8,0x82,0x20,0x8,0xE2,0x0, // 0x5D ]
0x0,0xA1,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0, // 0x5E ^
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0xFC, // 0x5F _
0x0,0x1,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0, // 0x60 `
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x23,0x71,0x12,0xF,0x0, // 0x61 a
0x0,0x30,0x8,0x82,0x23,0x49,0x92,0x3,0x0, // 0x62 b
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x27,0x9,0x2,0x7,0x0, // 0x63 c
0x0,0x80,0x41,0x10,0x27,0x49,0x12,0xF,0x0, // 0x64 d
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x23,0x79,0x2,0x7,0x0, // 0x65 e
0x0,0x80,0x13,0x84,0x47,0x10,0x84,0x7,0x0, // 0x66 f
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x2F,0x31,0x82,0x27,0x72, // 0x67 g
0x0,0x30,0x8,0x82,0x23,0x49,0xD2,0xD,0x0, // 0x68 h
0x0,0x40,0x0,0x80,0x41,0x10,0x84,0x3,0x0, // 0x69 i
0x0,0x80,0x0,0x0,0x83,0x20,0x8,0x82,0x1C, // 0x6A j
0x0,0x30,0x8,0x82,0xAE,0x38,0xD2,0xD,0x0, // 0x6B k
0x0,0x70,0x10,0x4,0x41,0x10,0xC4,0x7,0x0, // 0x6C l
0x0,0x0,0x0,0xC0,0x53,0x55,0x55,0x5,0x0, // 0x6D m
0x0,0x0,0x0,0xC0,0x23,0x49,0xD2,0xD,0x0, // 0x6E n
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x23,0x49,0x12,0x3,0x0, // 0x6F o
0x0,0x0,0x0,0xC0,0x23,0x49,0x92,0x23,0x1C, // 0x70 p
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x27,0x49,0x12,0x7,0xE1, // 0x71 q
0x0,0x0,0x0,0xC0,0x66,0x8,0xC2,0x1,0x0, // 0x72 r
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x80,0x27,0x30,0x90,0x7,0x0, // 0x73 s
0x0,0x0,0x10,0x84,0x43,0x10,0x4,0x6,0x0, // 0x74 t
0x0,0x0,0x0,0xC0,0x26,0x49,0x12,0xF,0x0, // 0x75 u
0x0,0x0,0x0,0xC0,0x2D,0x29,0xC,0x1,0x0, // 0x76 v
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x40,0x55,0x39,0x8A,0x2,0x0, // 0x77 w
0x0,0x0,0x0,0xC0,0xA6,0x10,0xCA,0x6,0x0, // 0x78 x
0x0,0x0,0x0,0xC0,0x2D,0x29,0xC,0x41,0xC, // 0x79 y
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x80,0x87,0x10,0x84,0x7,0x0, // 0x7A z
0x0,0x86,0x20,0x8,0x81,0x20,0x8,0x82,0x1, // 0x7B {
0x8,0x82,0x20,0x8,0x82,0x20,0x8,0x82,0x20, // 0x7C |
0x80,0x41,0x10,0x4,0x42,0x10,0x4,0x61,0x0, // 0x7D }
0x42,0x89,0x1,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0, // 0x7E ~
0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0 // 0x20
};
效果
GB2312包含的字符也不是特别多，还有一些生僻字，如犇鱻羴，显示不出来，这个乱码为啥还没时间考虑。以后有兴趣了，可以搞个GBK的编码。想显示一些常用中文字符就不用费劲取字模了。
