Windows SDK 按钮

按钮作为window的一种, 可以通过CreateWindow来进行创建
如下代码创建了一个最基本的push button, 按下后会触发WM_COMMAND消息

PushButton代码

此代码显示了一个按钮, 按下后显示一个消息框

#include 

#define WINDOW_WIDTH 800
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 600


/* 全局变量定义区 */
char* g_szApplicationName = "AppName";
char* g_szWindowClassName = "windowClassName";

/* 消息回调函数 */
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND   hwnd,
    UINT   msg,
    WPARAM wParam,
    LPARAM lParam)
{
    HDC hdc;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    RECT rect;

    switch (msg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        CreateWindow(TEXT("Button"), TEXT("PUSHBUTTON"), 
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON, 
            30, 30, 200, 50,
            hwnd, (HMENU)1, 
            ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL);
        return 0;
    case WM_COMMAND:    //按钮被按下后的响应
        MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("button pressed"), TEXT("Info"), MB_OK);
        return 0;
    case WM_PAINT:
        hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
        DrawText(hdc, TEXT("This is a window program"), -1, &rect,
            DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        //终了程序,发送WM_QUIT消息  
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR     szCmdLine,
    int       iCmdShow)
{
    HWND hWnd;  //窗口句柄
    WNDCLASSEX winclass;    //窗口类对象

                            //窗口类对象的初始化
    winclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    winclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    winclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    winclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    winclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    winclass.hInstance = hInstance;
    winclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    winclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    winclass.hbrBackground = NULL;
    winclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    winclass.lpszClassName = g_szWindowClassName;
    winclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

    //注册窗口类
    if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, "Registration Failed!", "Error", 0);
        return 0;
    }

    //创建窗口  
    hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,                 // extended style
        g_szWindowClassName,  // window class name
        g_szApplicationName,  // window caption
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,  // window style
        0,                    // initial x position
        0,                    // initial y position
        WINDOW_WIDTH,         // initial x size
        WINDOW_HEIGHT,        // initial y size
        NULL,                 // parent window handle
        NULL,                 // window menu handle
        hInstance,            // program instance handle
        NULL);                // creation parameters

                              //容错处理
    if (!hWnd)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, "CreateWindowEx Failed!", "Error!", 0);
        return 0;
    }

    //显示窗口
    ShowWindow(hWnd, iCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}

其他类型按钮展示:

如下代码显示了常见按钮样式, 执行效果如下图

#include 

#define WINDOW_WIDTH 800
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 600

struct
{
    int iStyle;
    TCHAR *szText;
} button[] = {  //按钮的样式
    BS_PUSHBUTTON,      TEXT("PUSHBUTTON"),
    BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON,   TEXT("BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON"),
    BS_CHECKBOX,        TEXT("BS_CHECKBOX"),
    BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,    TEXT("BS_AUTOCHECKBOX"),
    BS_RADIOBUTTON,     TEXT("BS_RADIOBUTTON"),
    BS_3STATE,          TEXT("BS_3STATE"),
    BS_AUTO3STATE,      TEXT("BS_AUTO3STATE"),
    BS_GROUPBOX,        TEXT("BS_GROUPBOX"),
    BS_USERBUTTON,      TEXT("BS_USERBUTTON"),
    BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, TEXT("BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON"),
    BS_PUSHBOX,         TEXT("BS_PUSHBOX"),
    BS_OWNERDRAW,       TEXT("BS_OWNERDRAW"),
};

#define BUTTON_NUM (sizeof button / sizeof button[0])


/* 全局变量定义区 */
char* g_szApplicationName = "AppName";
char* g_szWindowClassName = "windowClassName";

/* 消息回调函数 */
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND   hwnd,
    UINT   msg,
    WPARAM wParam,
    LPARAM lParam)
{
    HDC hdc;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    RECT rect;
    static int cxChar, cyChar;
    int i;

    switch (msg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        cxChar = LOWORD(GetDialogBaseUnits());
        cyChar = HIWORD(GetDialogBaseUnits());

        for (i = 0; i < BUTTON_NUM; ++i)
        {
            CreateWindow(TEXT("Button"), button[i].szText,
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | button[i].iStyle,
                cxChar, cyChar * (1 + 2 * i),
                20 * cxChar, 2 * cyChar, 
                hwnd, (HMENU)i,
                ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL);
        }

        return 0;
    case WM_COMMAND:
        MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("button pressed"), TEXT("Info"), MB_OK);
        return 0;
    case WM_PAINT:
        hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
        DrawText(hdc, TEXT("This is a window program"), -1, &rect,
            DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        //终了程序,发送WM_QUIT消息  
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR     szCmdLine,
    int       iCmdShow)
{
    HWND hWnd;  //窗口句柄
    WNDCLASSEX winclass;    //窗口类对象

                            //窗口类对象的初始化
    winclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    winclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    winclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    winclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    winclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    winclass.hInstance = hInstance;
    winclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    winclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    winclass.hbrBackground = NULL;
    winclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    winclass.lpszClassName = g_szWindowClassName;
    winclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

    //注册窗口类
    if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, "Registration Failed!", "Error", 0);
        return 0;
    }

    //创建窗口  
    hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,                 // extended style
        g_szWindowClassName,  // window class name
        g_szApplicationName,  // window caption
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,  // window style
        0,                    // initial x position
        0,                    // initial y position
        WINDOW_WIDTH,         // initial x size
        WINDOW_HEIGHT,        // initial y size
        NULL,                 // parent window handle
        NULL,                 // window menu handle
        hInstance,            // program instance handle
        NULL);                // creation parameters

                              //容错处理
    if (!hWnd)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, "CreateWindowEx Failed!", "Error!", 0);
        return 0;
    }

    //显示窗口
    ShowWindow(hWnd, iCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}

处理按钮按下

如下代码修改自fishc讲解的示例代码
代码运行效果如下:

在菜单中选择后, 点击提交按钮会弹出对话框, 显示选择的内容
点击[随便]按钮, 会随机选择一个, 并禁止在此选择

#include 
#include 
#include 

#define WINDOW_WIDTH 800
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 600

#define FOOD_NUM 4
#define GROUP_BUTTON_ID (FOOD_NUM + 1)
#define PUSH_BUTTON_COMMIT_ID (FOOD_NUM + 2)
#define PUSH_BUTTON_RANDOM_ID (FOOD_NUM + 3)


/* 全局变量定义区 */
TCHAR* g_szApplicationName = "吃什么???";
TCHAR* g_szWindowClassName = "windowClassName";

/* 消息回调函数 */
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND   hwnd,
    UINT   msg,
    WPARAM wParam,
    LPARAM lParam)
{
    RECT rect;
    TCHAR* foods[FOOD_NUM] = { TEXT("恐龙肉"), TEXT("蓝鲸腿"), TEXT("章鱼舌"), TEXT("凤凰蛋") };
    static HWND hwndButton[FOOD_NUM] = { 0 };
    static int cxChar, cyChar;
    static int choosed = -1;

    switch (msg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        cxChar = LOWORD(GetDialogBaseUnits());
        cyChar = HIWORD(GetDialogBaseUnits());

        //修改窗口尺寸
        GetWindowRect(hwnd, &rect);
        MoveWindow(hwnd, rect.left, rect.top, 27 * cxChar, 13 * cyChar, TRUE);
        for (int i = 0; i < FOOD_NUM; ++i)
        {
            hwndButton[i] = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), foods[i], 
                BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE, 
                2 * cxChar, cyChar * (2 + 2 * i), 
                10 * cxChar, 7 * cyChar / 4,
                hwnd, (HMENU)i,
                ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL);
        }
        CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), "菜单：",
            BS_GROUPBOX | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,
            cxChar, cyChar / 2,
            12 * cxChar, 10 * cyChar,
            hwnd, (HMENU)GROUP_BUTTON_ID,
            ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL);
        CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), "提交",
            BS_PUSHBUTTON | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,
            14 * cxChar, cyChar,
            10 * cxChar, 7 * cyChar / 4,
            hwnd, (HMENU)PUSH_BUTTON_COMMIT_ID,
            ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL);
        CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), "随便",
            BS_PUSHBUTTON | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,
            14 * cxChar, 3 * cyChar,
            10 * cxChar, 7 * cyChar / 4,
            hwnd, (HMENU)PUSH_BUTTON_RANDOM_ID,
            ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL);
        return 0;
    case WM_COMMAND:
    {
        int id = LOWORD(wParam);
        if (id < FOOD_NUM)
        {
            choosed = id;
        }
        switch (id)
        {
        case PUSH_BUTTON_COMMIT_ID: //选择按钮
            if (choosed == -1)
            {
                MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("尚未选择！！！"), TEXT("警告"), MB_OK);
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox(hwnd, foods[choosed], TEXT("你选择的食物"), MB_OK);
            }
            break;
        case PUSH_BUTTON_RANDOM_ID: //随便按钮
            if (choosed != -1)
            {   //取消上一个按钮的选中状态(给子窗口发送消息来实现)
                SendMessage(GetDlgItem(hwnd, choosed), BM_SETCHECK, BST_UNCHECKED, 0);
            }
            srand((unsigned int) time(NULL));
            choosed = rand() % FOOD_NUM;
            //设置单选按钮为选中状态(给子窗口发送消息来实现)
            SendMessage(GetDlgItem(hwnd, choosed), BM_SETCHECK ,BST_CHECKED, 0);
            //之后把食物选项和随便按钮禁用
            for (int i = 0; i < FOOD_NUM; ++i)
            {
                EnableWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, i), FALSE);
            }
            EnableWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, PUSH_BUTTON_RANDOM_ID), FALSE);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
        }
    }
        return 0;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        //终了程序,发送WM_QUIT消息  
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR     szCmdLine,
    int       iCmdShow)
{
    HWND hWnd;  //窗口句柄
    WNDCLASSEX winclass;    //窗口类对象

                            //窗口类对象的初始化
    winclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    winclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    winclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    winclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    winclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    winclass.hInstance = hInstance;
    winclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    winclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    winclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BTNFACE + 1);   //窗口背景颜色设置为按钮的颜色
    winclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    winclass.lpszClassName = g_szWindowClassName;
    winclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

    //注册窗口类
    if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, "Registration Failed!", "Error", 0);
        return 0;
    }

    //创建窗口  
    hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,                 // extended style
        g_szWindowClassName,  // window class name
        g_szApplicationName,  // window caption
        WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU,  // window style
        0,                    // initial x position
        0,                    // initial y position
        WINDOW_WIDTH,         // initial x size
        WINDOW_HEIGHT,        // initial y size
        NULL,                 // parent window handle
        NULL,                 // window menu handle
        hInstance,            // program instance handle
        NULL);                // creation parameters

                              //容错处理
    if (!hWnd)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, "CreateWindowEx Failed!", "Error!", 0);
        return 0;
    }

    //显示窗口
    ShowWindow(hWnd, iCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}