abspath
返回一个目录的绝对路径
Return an absolute path.
>>> os.path.abspath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/sysconfig/selinux'
>>> os.getcwd()
'/root' >>> os.path.abspath("python_modu") '/root/python_modu'
basename
返回一个目录的基名
Returns the final component of a pathname
>>> os.path.basename("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'selinux'
>>> os.path.basename("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3") 'python3'
dirname
返回一个目录的目录名
Returns the directory component of a pathname
>>> os.path.dirname("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/sysconfig'
>>> os.path.dirname("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3") '/usr/local/python3/bin'
exists
测试指定文件是否存在
Test whether a path exists. Returns False for broken symbolic links
>>> os.path.exists("/home/egon")
False
>>> os.path.exists("/root") True >>> os.path.exists("/usr/bin/python") True
getatime
得到指定文件最后一次的访问时间
Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat().
>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getatime("/root/test.sh") 1498117664.2808378
getctime
得到指定文件最后一次的改变时间
Return the metadata change time of a file, reported by os.stat().
>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getctime("/root/test.sh") 1498117696.039542
getmtime
得到指定文件最后一次的修改时间
Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat().
>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getmtime("/root/test.sh") 1496629059.9313989
getsize
得到得到文件的大小
Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat().
>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getsize("/root/test.sh") 568
isabs
测试参数是否是绝对路径
Test whether a path is absolute
>>> os.path.isabs("python_modu")
False
>>> os.path.isabs("/etc/sysconfig") True
isdir
测试指定参数是否是目录名
Return true if the pathname refers to an existing directory.
>>> os.path.isdir("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
False
>>> os.path.isdir("/home") True
isfile
测试指定参数是否是一个文件
Test whether a path is a regular file
>>> os.path.isfile("/home")
False
>>> os.path.isfile("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") True
islink
测试指定参数是否是一个软链接
Test whether a path is a symbolic link
>>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
True
>>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/nfs") False
ismount
测试指定参数是否是挂载点
Test whether a path is a mount point
>>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom")
False
以上是未挂载光盘，现在把光盘挂载到/mnt/cdrom下，再进行测试
>>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom") True
join
join(a, *p)
将目录名和文件的基名拼接成一个完整的路径
Join two or more pathname components, inserting
>>> for filename in os.listdir("/home"):
... print(os.path.join("/tmp",filename)) ... /tmp/a /tmp/f1.txt
realpath
返回指定文件的标准路径，而非软链接所在的路径
Return the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any
symbolic links encountered in the path.
>>> os.path.realpath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/selinux/config'
>>> os.path.realpath("/usr/bin/python") '/usr/bin/python2.7'
samefile
测试两个路径是否指向同一个文件
Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file
sameopenfile
测试两个打开的文件是否指向同一个文件
Test whether two open file objects reference the same file
split
分割目录名，返回由其目录名和基名给成的元组
Split a pathname. Returns tuple "(head, tail)" where "tail" is everything after the final slash. Either part may be empty.
>>> os.path.split("/tmp/f1.txt")
('/tmp', 'f1.txt')
>>> os.path.split("/home/test.sh") ('/home', 'test.sh')
splitext
分割文件名，返回由文件名和扩展名组成的元组
Split the extension from a pathname.
Extension is everything from the last dot to the end, ignoring leading dots. Returns "(root, ext)"; ext may be empty.
>>> os.path.splitext("/home/test.sh")
('/home/test', '.sh')
>>> os.path.splitext("/tmp/f1.txt") ('/tmp/f1', '.txt')
