Keepalived 软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的,用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态,后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此,Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外,还可以作为其他服务(Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等)的高可用解决方案软件。
Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议)的缩写,VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的,它能够保证当个别节点宕机时,整个网络可以不间断地运行。
所以,Keepalived 一方面具有配置管理LVS的功能,同时还具有对LVS下面节点进行健康检查的功能,另一方面也可实现系统网络服务的高可用功能。
这是官网
keepalived 有三个重要的功能,分别是:
Keepalived 高可用服务之间的故障切换转移,是通过 VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,虚拟路由器冗余协议)来实现的。
在 Keepalived 服务正常工作时,主 Master 节点会不断地向备节点发送(多播的方式)心跳消息,用以告诉备 Backup 节点自己还活看,当主 Master 节点发生故障时,就无法发送心跳消息,备节点也就因此无法继续检测到来自主 Master 节点的心跳了,于是调用自身的接管程序,接管主 Master 节点的 IP 资源及服务。而当主 Master 节点恢复时,备 Backup 节点又会释放主节点故障时自身接管的IP资源及服务,恢复到原来的备用角色。
VRRP ,全 称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议 ,VRRP的出现就是为了解决静态踣甶的单点故障问题,VRRP是通过一种竞选机制来将路由的任务交给某台VRRP路由器的。在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
Keepalived高可用是通过 VRRP 进行通信的, VRRP是通过竞选机制来确定主备的,主的优先级高于备,因此,工作时主会优先获得所有的资源,备节点处于等待状态,当主挂了的时候,备节点就会接管主节点的资源,然后顶替主节点对外提供服务。
在 Keepalived 服务之间,只有作为主的服务器会一直发送 VRRP 广播包,告诉备它还活着,此时备不会枪占主,当主不可用时,即备监听不到主发送的广播包时,就会启动相关服务接管资源,保证业务的连续性.接管速度最快可以小于1秒。
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { //全局配置
notification_email { //定义报警收件人邮件地址
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected] //定义报警发件人邮箱
smtp_server 192.168.200.1 //邮箱服务器地址
smtp_connect_timeout 30 //定义邮箱超时时间
router_id LVS_DEVEL //定义路由标识信息,同局域网内唯一
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { //定义实例
state MASTER //指定keepalived节点的初始状态,可选值为MASTER|BACKUP
interface eth0 //VRRP实例绑定的网卡接口,用户发送VRRP包
virtual_router_id 51 //虚拟路由的ID,同一集群要一致
priority 100 //定义优先级,按优先级来决定主备角色,优先级越大越优先
nopreempt //设置不抢占
advert_int 1 //主备通讯时间间隔
authentication { //配置认证
auth_type PASS //认证方式,此处为密码
auth_pass 1111 //同一集群中的keepalived配置里的此处必须一致,推荐使用8位随机数
}
virtual_ipaddress { //配置要使用的VIP地址
192.168.200.16
}
}
virtual_server 10.10.10.2 1358 { //配置虚拟服务器
delay_loop 6 //健康检查的时间间隔
lb_algo rr //lvs调度算法
lb_kind NAT //lvs模式
persistence_timeout 50 //持久化超时时间,单位是秒
protocol TCP //4层协议
sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358 //定义备用服务器,当所有RS都故障时用sorry_server来响应客户端
real_server 192.168.200.2 1358 { //定义真实处理请求的服务器
weight 1 //给服务器指定权重,默认为1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /testurl/test.jsp //指定要检查的URL路径
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d //摘要信息
}
url {
path /testurl2/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
}
url {
path /testurl3/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
}
connect_timeout 3 //连接超时时间
nb_get_retry 3 //get尝试次数
delay_before_retry 3 //在尝试之前延迟多长时间
}
}
real_server 192.168.200.3 1358 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /testurl/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
}
url {
path /testurl2/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
nopreempt //设置为不抢占。默认是抢占的,当高优先级的机器恢复后,会抢占低优先 \
级的机器成为MASTER,而不抢占,则允许低优先级的机器继续成为MASTER,即使高优先级 \
的机器已经上线。如果要使用这个功能,则初始化状态必须为BACKUP。
preempt_delay //设置抢占延迟。单位是秒,范围是0---1000,默认是0.发现低优先 \
级的MASTER后多少秒开始抢占。
作用:添加一个周期性执行的脚本。脚本的退出状态码会被调用它的所有的VRRP Instance记录。
注意:至少有一个VRRP实例调用它并且优先级不能为0.优先级范围是1-254.
vrrp_script {
...
}
//选项说明:
script “/path/to/somewhere” | //指定要执行的脚本的路径。 |
---|---|
interval | //指定脚本执行的间隔。单位是秒。默认为1s。 |
timeout | //指定在多少秒后,脚本被认为执行失败。 |
weight <-254 — 254> | //调整优先级。默认为2. |
rise | //执行成功多少次才认为是成功。 |
fall | //执行失败多少次才认为失败。 |
user [GROUPNAME] | //运行脚本的用户和组。 |
init_fail | //假设脚本初始状态是失败状态。 |
weight | //给服务器指定权重。默认是1 |
---|---|
inhibit_on_failure | //当服务器健康检查失败时,将其weight设置为0,而不是从Virtual Server中移除 |
notify_up | //当服务器健康检查成功时,执行的脚本 |
notify_down | //当服务器健康检查失败时,执行的脚本 |
uthreshold | //到这台服务器的最大连接数 |
lthreshold | //到这台服务器的最小连接数 |
connect_ip | //连接的IP地址。默认是real server的ip地址 |
---|---|
connect_port | //连接的端口。默认是real server的端口 |
bindto | //发起连接的接口的地址。 |
bind_port | //发起连接的源端口。 |
connect_timeout | //连接超时时间。默认是5s。 |
fwmark | //使用fwmark对所有出去的检查数据包进行标记。 |
warmup | //指定一个随机延迟,最大为N秒。可防止网络阻塞。如果为0,则关闭该功能。 |
retry | //重试次数。默认是1次。 |
delay_before_retry | //默认是1秒。在重试之前延迟多少秒。 |
global_defs {
router_id LVS_Server
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 150
nopreempt
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass wangqing
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.12.250 dev ens33
}
}
virtual_server 172.16.12.250 80 {
delay_loop 3
lvs_sched rr
lvs_method DR
protocol TCP
real_server 172.16.12.129 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 172.16.12.130 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 8080
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
环境说明
系统信息 | 主机名 | IP |
---|---|---|
rhel7.4 | master | 192.168.125.129 |
rhel7.4 | slave | 192.168.125.128 |
本次高可用虚拟IP(VIP)地址暂定为 192.168.125.199
关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
[root@master ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived
[root@master ~]# yum -y install nginx --安装nginx (网络源)
[root@slave ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@slave ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@slave ~]# setenforce 0
[root@slave ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install nginx
修改nginx默认主页内容
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@master html]# ls
404.html 50x.html index.html nginx-logo.png poweredby.png
[root@master html]# cp index.html /opt
[root@master html]#
[root@master html]# > index.html
[root@master html]# cat index.html
[root@master html]# vim index.html
[root@master html]# cat index.html
master
[root@master html]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@master html]# systemctl enable nginx
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service'
[root@master html]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
[root@slave~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@slave html]# ls
404.html 50x.html index.html nginx-logo.png poweredby.png
[root@slave html]# cp index.html /opt
[root@slave html]#
[root@slave html]# > index.html
[root@slavehtml]# cat index.html
[root@slave html]# vim index.html
[root@slave ~]# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
slave
配置主服务器
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
router_id xx01
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
virtual_router_id 99
priority 110
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
virtual_server 192.168.125.199 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.125.129 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.125.128 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
重启服务
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# scp keepalived.conf [email protected]:/etc/keepalived/
The authenticity of host '192.168.125.128 (192.168.125.128)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is e6:8b:c2:36:1e:6c:9a:4a:6c:7a:8e:63:48:5d:a5:f0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.125.128' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
keepalived.conf
[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id xx02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state backup
interface eno16777728
virtual_router_id 99
priority 50
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.125.199
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.125.199 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.125.129 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.125.128 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777728: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:61:0d:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.125.129/24 brd 192.168.125.255 scope global dynamic eno16777728
valid_lft 1728sec preferred_lft 1728sec
inet 192.168.125.199/32 scope global eno16777728
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe61:d2e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
在主服务器上创建脚本
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# mkdir test
[root@master keepalived]# cd test/
[root@master test]# vim check-n.sh
[root@master test]# cat check-n.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@master test]# chmod +x check-n.sh
[root@master test]# vim notify.sh
[root@master test]# chmod +x notify.sh
[root@master test]# cat check-n.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@master test]# cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail (){
subject="${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate"
content="`date +'%F %T'`: `hostname`'s state change to master"
echo $content | mail -s "$subject" [email protected]
}
case "$1" in
master)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl start nginx
fi
sendmail
;;
backup)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
systemctl stop nginx
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
;;
esac
在slave上创建脚本
[root@slave ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@slave keepalived]# mkdir test1
[root@slave keepalived]# cd test1/
[root@slave test1]# vim notify.sh
[root@slave test1]# cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail (){
subject="${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate"
content="`date +'%F %T'`: `hostname`'s state change to master"
echo $content | mail -s "$subject" [email protected]
}
case "$1" in
master)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl start nginx
fi
sendmail
;;
backup)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
systemctl stop nginx
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
;;
esac
[root@slave test1]#
此处的脚本名称应避免与服务名相同,推荐用服务名的首字母代替,如check_n,不要给脚本起名check_nginx
配置主keepalived
[root@master test]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@master test]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id xx01
}
vrrp_script nginx_check {
script "/etc/keepalived/test/check-n.sh"
interval 1
weight -20
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eno16777728
virtual_router_id 99
priority 110
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.125.199
}
track_script {
nginx_check
}
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/test/notify.sh master 192.168.129.250"
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/test/notify.sh backup 192.168.128.250"
}
virtual_server 192.168.125.199 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.125.129 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.125.128 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
配置备keepalived
[root@slave test1]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@slave test1]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id xx02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state backup
interface eno16777728
virtual_router_id 99
priority 50
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.125.199
}
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/test/notify.sh master 192.168.129.199"
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/test/notify.sh backup 192.168.128.199"
}
virtual_server 192.168.125.199 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.125.129 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.125.128 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}