ROS的学习(十二)用C++写一个简单的发布者

     节点是一个可执行程序,它连接到了ROS的网络系统中。我们将会创建一个发布者,也就是说话者节点,它将会持续的广播一个信息。

     改变目录到之前所建立的那个包下:

cd ~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials

     在beginner_tutorials包下面建立一个src文件夹:
mkdir -p ~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials/src

     创建文件src/talker.cpp:
vim src/talker.cpp 

     将下面的内容复制进去:
#include "ros/ros.h"
#include "std_msgs/String.h"

#include 

/**
 * This tutorial demonstrates simple sending of messages over the ROS system.
 */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  /**
   * The ros::init() function needs to see argc and argv so that it can perform
   * any ROS arguments and name remapping that were provided at the command line. For programmatic
   * remappings you can use a different version of init() which takes remappings
   * directly, but for most command-line programs, passing argc and argv is the easiest
   * way to do it.  The third argument to init() is the name of the node.
   *
   * You must call one of the versions of ros::init() before using any other
   * part of the ROS system.
   */
  ros::init(argc, argv, "talker");

  /**
   * NodeHandle is the main access point to communications with the ROS system.
   * The first NodeHandle constructed will fully initialize this node, and the last
   * NodeHandle destructed will close down the node.
   */
  ros::NodeHandle n;

  /**
   * The advertise() function is how you tell ROS that you want to
   * publish on a given topic name. This invokes a call to the ROS
   * master node, which keeps a registry of who is publishing and who
   * is subscribing. After this advertise() call is made, the master
   * node will notify anyone who is trying to subscribe to this topic name,
   * and they will in turn negotiate a peer-to-peer connection with this
   * node.  advertise() returns a Publisher object which allows you to
   * publish messages on that topic through a call to publish().  Once
   * all copies of the returned Publisher object are destroyed, the topic
   * will be automatically unadvertised.
   *
   * The second parameter to advertise() is the size of the message queue
   * used for publishing messages.  If messages are published more quickly
   * than we can send them, the number here specifies how many messages to
   * buffer up before throwing some away.
   */
  ros::Publisher chatter_pub = n.advertise("chatter", 1000);

  ros::Rate loop_rate(10);

  /**
   * A count of how many messages we have sent. This is used to create
   * a unique string for each message.
   */
  int count = 0;
  while (ros::ok())
  {
    /**
     * This is a message object. You stuff it with data, and then publish it.
     */
    std_msgs::String msg;

    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << "hello world " << count;
    msg.data = ss.str();

    ROS_INFO("%s", msg.data.c_str());

    /**
     * The publish() function is how you send messages. The parameter
     * is the message object. The type of this object must agree with the type
     * given as a template parameter to the advertise<>() call, as was done
     * in the constructor above.
     */
    chatter_pub.publish(msg);

    ros::spinOnce();

    loop_rate.sleep();
    ++count;
  }


  return 0;
}

保存退出。

     解释一下代码:

#include "ros/ros.h"

ros/ros.h包括了使用ROS系统最基本的头文件。

#include "std_msgs/String.h"

这条代码包括了std_msgs/String消息,它存在于std_msgs包中。这是有std_msgs中的String.msg文件自动产生的。

ros::init(argc, argv, "talker");

初始化ROS,它允许ROS通过命令行重新命名,现在还不太重要。这里也是我们确切说明节点名字的地方,在运行的系统中,节点的名字必须唯一。
  ros::NodeHandle n;

为处理的节点创建了一个句柄,第一个创建的节点句柄将会初始化这个节点,最后一个销毁的节点将会释放节点所使用的所有资源。
ros::Publisher chatter_pub = n.advertise("chatter", 1000);

告诉主机,我们将会在一个名字为chatter的话题上发布一个std_msgs/String类型的消息,这就使得主机告诉了所有订阅了chatter话题的节点,我们将在这个话题上发布数据。第二个参数是发布队列的大小,它的作用是缓冲。当我们发布消息很快的时候,它将能缓冲1000条信息。如果慢了的话就会覆盖前面的信息。

NodeHandle::advertise()将会返回ros::Publisher对象,该对象有两个作用,首先是它包括一个publish()方法可以在制定的话题上发布消息,其次,当超出范围之外的时候就会自动的处理。

 ros::Rate loop_rate(10);

一个 ros::Rate对象允许你制定循环的频率。它将会记录从上次调用 Rate::sleep()到现在为止的时间,并且休眠正确的时间。在这个例子中,设置的频率为10hz。
  int count = 0;
  while (ros::ok())
  {

默认情况下,roscpp将会安装一个SIGINT监听,它使当Ctrl-C按下时, ros::ok()将会返回false。

ros::ok()在以下几种情况下也会返回false:(1)按下Ctrl-C时(2)我们被一个同名同姓的节点从网络中踢出(3)ros::shutdown()被应用程序的另一部分调用(4)所有的ros::NodeHandles都被销毁了。一旦ros::ok()返回false,所有的ROS调用都会失败。

    std_msgs::String msg;

    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << "hello world " << count;
    msg.data = ss.str();

我们使用message-adapted类在ROS中广播信息,这个类一般是从msg文件中产生的。我们现在使用的是标准的字符串消息,它只有一个data数据成员,当然更复杂的消息也是可以的。
 chatter_pub.publish(msg);

现在我们向话题chatter发布消息。
ROS_INFO("%s", msg.data.c_str());

ROS_INFO是cout和printf的替代品。
ros::spinOnce();

在这个简单的程序中调用 ros::spinOnce(); 是不必要的,因为我们没有收到任何的回调信息。然而如果你为这个应用程序添加一个订阅者,并且在这里没有调用ros::spinOnce(),你的回调函数将不会被调用。所以这是一个良好的风格。

 loop_rate.sleep();

休眠一下,使程序满足前面所设置的10hz的要求。

     下面总结一下创建一个发布者节点的步骤:(1)初始化ROS系统(2)告诉主机我们将要在chatter话题上发布std_msgs/String类型的消息(3)循环每秒发送10次消息。

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